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On Some Properties of Graph of Prefix Code

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1571-1581页

作者： Nikolai i. Krainiukov Mikhail E. Abramyan Boris F. Melnikov Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen China Department of Algebra and Discrete Mathematics Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation

We investigate decomposition of codes and finite languages. A prime decomposition is a decomposition of a code or languages into a concatenation of nontrivial prime codes or languages. A code is prime if it cannot be decomposed into at least two nontrivial codes as the same for the languages. in the paper, a linear time algorithm is designed, which finds the prime decomposition. if codes or finite languages are presented as given by its minimal deterministic automaton, then from the point of view of abstract algebra and graph theory, this automaton has special properties. The study was conducted using system for computational Discrete Algebra GAP. .

关键词： Finite Languages Minimal Deterministic Automata Concatenation Codes Graph of Automaton Free Algebra

The Timing of Primary Neurosurgical Repair and Wound-Site infection in Children with Myelomeningocele

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第2期14卷 137-148页

作者： Joseph O. Obande Paul T. Bitrus Elizabeth i. Obande Division of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Abuja Nigeria Post-Basic School of Critical Care Nursing University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Abuja Nigeria

Background: The optimal time to closure of a newborn with a myelomeningocele has been the focus of a number of evaluations. The Timing of primary surgery has received significant attention due to its relationship to repair-site infection that can lead to increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stays. it is on this basis that recommendations have utilized 48 - 72 hours post birth as ideal time of closure. This is not only prevent infection at the site but also prevent ventriculitis and neural structure damage. We therefore, hypothesized an increase in wound infection rates in those patients with delays in myelomeningocele repair. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 103 children with myelomeningocele treated between 2016 and 2023. At discharge the patients were followed up at the post-operative clinic visit 2 weeks later. Children were assigned to 1 of 2 groups, those who underwent primary neurosurgical repair within 72 hours of delivery (Group 1) and those undergoing repair after 72 hours (Group 2). We compared the infection rates. Results: 103 children who underwent myelomeningocele repair were identified, with a median time from birth to treatment of 1 day. Eight (7.8 %) patients were noted to have post-repair surgical site complications. There was no significant difference in rates of infection between Group 1 and Group 2 repair times. The presence of infection was associated increased length of stay when compared to neonates without infection. Conclusion: in children with myelomeningocele, the timing of primary neurosurgical repair appears not to have a significant impact on surgical site infection. Closure of the spinal lesion within the first 72 hours of life may be more favorable for neural damage prevention. These results suggest that early myelomeningocele repair may not impart significantly on the rate of wound-site infection.

关键词： Spina Bifida Surgical Timing Excision and Repair Surgical Site infection Myelomeningocele

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Kidney Transplant Questionnaire 25 to Greek

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 148-154页

作者： Vasileios Koutlas Eirini Tzalavra Vasileios Tatsis Charalampos Pappas Stavroula Vovlianou Stefanos Bellos Anila Duni Eleni Stamellou Konstantinos i Tsamis Michail Mitsis Evangelia Dounousi Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit University Hospital of IoanninaIoannina 45500EpirusGreece Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45110EpirusGreece Department of Nephrology University Hospital of IoanninaIoannina 45500EpirusGreece Department of Nephrology General Hospital of KavalaKavala 65500Greece Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45110EpirusGreece Department of Nephrology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45110EpirusGreece

BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation leads to continuous improvement in the survival rates of kidney transplant recipients(KTRs)and has been established as the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage kidney ***-related quality of life(HRQoL)has become an important outcome *** is highly important to develop reliable methods to evaluate HRQoL with disease-specific *** To translate the disease-specific instrument Kidney Transplant Questionnaire 25(KTQ-25)to the Greek language and perform a cross-cultural *** The translation and adaptation of the original English version of the KTQ-25 to the Greek language were performed based on the international Quality of Life RESULTS Eighty-four KTRs(59 males;mean age 53.5±10.7 years;mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 47.7±15.1 mL/min/1.73 m2;mean transplant vintage 100.5±83.2 months)completed the Greek version of the KTQ-25 and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey,and the results were used to evaluate the reliability of the Greek *** Cronbach alpha coefficients for all the KTQ-25 dimensions were satisfactory(physical symptoms=0.639,fatigue=0.856,uncertainty/fear=0.661,appearance=0.593,emotions=0.718,total score=0.708).The statistically significant correlation coefficients among the KTQ-25 dimensions ranged from 0.226 to *** correlation coeffi-cients of the KTQ-25 dimensions with the SF-36 physical component summary(PCS)ranged from 0.196 to 0.550;the correlation coefficients of the KTQ-25 with the SF-36 mental component summary(MCS)ranged from 0.260 to 0.655;and the correlation coefficients of the KTQ-25 with the total scores with the SF-36 PCS and MCS were 0.455 and 0.613,*** According to the findings,the Greek version of the KTQ-25 is valid and reliable for administration among kidney transplant patients in Greece.

关键词： Kidney Transplant Questionnaire 25 Kidney transplantation Kidney transplant recipients Health-related quality of life Quality of life

Modeling of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) in the Edwards-Trinity Plateau and Ogallala Aquifers in the Midland-Odessa Region Using Random Forest Regression and eXtreme Gradient Boosting

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第5期12卷 218-241页

作者： Azuka i. Udeh Osayamen J. imarhiagbe Erepamo J. Omietimi Department of Geoscience University of Texas Permian Basin Odessa Texas USA Department of Geology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

Efficient water quality monitoring and ensuring the safety of drinking water by government agencies in areas where the resource is constantly depleted due to anthropogenic or natural factors cannot be overemphasized. The above statement holds for West Texas, Midland, and Odessa Precisely. Two machine learning regression algorithms (Random Forest and XGBoost) were employed to develop models for the prediction of total dissolved solids (TDS) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) for efficient water quality monitoring of two vital aquifers: Edward-Trinity (plateau), and Ogallala aquifers. These two aquifers have contributed immensely to providing water for different uses ranging from domestic, agricultural, industrial, etc. The data was obtained from the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). The XGBoost and Random Forest models used in this study gave an accurate prediction of observed data (TDS and SAR) for both the Edward-Trinity (plateau) and Ogallala aquifers with the R2 values consistently greater than 0.83. The Random Forest model gave a better prediction of TDS and SAR concentration with an average R, MAE, RMSE and MSE of 0.977, 0.015, 0.029 and 0.00, respectively. For the XGBoost, an average R, MAE, RMSE, and MSE of 0.953, 0.016, 0.037 and 0.00, respectively, were achieved. The overall performance of the models produced was impressive. From this study, we can clearly understand that Random Forest and XGBoost are appropriate for water quality prediction and monitoring in an area of high hydrocarbon activities like Midland and Odessa and West Texas at large.

关键词： Water Quality Prediction Predictive Modeling Aquifers Machine Learning Regression eXtreme Gradient Boosting

On the “Onion Husk” Algorithm for Approximate Solution of the Traveling Salesman Problem

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1557-1570页

作者： Mikhail E. Abramyan Nikolai i. Krainiukov Boris F. Melnikov Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen China Department of Algebra and Discrete Mathematics Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation

The paper describes some implementation aspects of an algorithm for approximate solution of the traveling salesman problem based on the construction of convex closed contours on the initial set of points (“cities”) and their subsequent combination into a closed path (the so-called contour algorithm or “onion husk” algorithm). A number of heuristics related to the different stages of the algorithm are considered, and various variants of the algorithm based on these heuristics are analyzed. Sets of randomly generated points of different sizes (from 4 to 90 and from 500 to 10,000) were used to test the algorithms. The numerical results obtained are compared with the results of two well-known combinatorial optimization algorithms, namely the algorithm based on the branch and bound method and the simulated annealing algorithm. .

关键词： Branch and Bound Method Contour Algorithm “Onion Husk” Algorithm Simulated Annealing Method Traveling Salesman Problem

identifying and validating MMP family members(MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16)as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma(KiRC)

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Oncology Research 2024年第4期32卷 737-752页

作者： KUNLUN Li DANDAN Li BARBOD HAFEZ MOUNiR M.SALEM BEKHiT YOUSEF A.BiN JARDAN FARS KAED ALANAZi EHAB i.TAHA SAYED H.AUDA FAiQAH RAMZAN MUHAMMAD JAMiL The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Jiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina Department of Biological Engineering University of SalfordSalfordUK Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Animal and Poultry Production Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesGomal UniversityDera Ismail KhanPakistan Department of Arid Zone Research PARC instituteDera Ismail KhanPakistan

Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma(KiRC)is a malignant tumor that carries a substantial risk of morbidity and *** MMP family assumes a crucial role in tumor invasion and *** study aimed to uncover the mechanistic relevance of the MMP gene family as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma(KiRC)through a comprehensive approach encompassing both computational and molecular ***,Cytoscape,UALCAN,GEPiA,OncoDB,HPA,cBioPortal,GSEA,TiMER,ENCORi,DrugBank,targeted bisulfite sequencing(bisulfite-seq),conventional PCR,Sanger sequencing,and RT-qPCR based analyses were used in the present study to analyze MMP gene family members to accurately determine a few hub genes that can be utilized as both therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for *** performing STRiNG and Cytohubba analyses of the 24 MMP gene family members,MMP2(matrix metallopeptidase 2),MMP9(matrix metallopeptidase 9),MMP12(matrix metallopeptidase 12),and MMP16(matrix metallopeptidase 16)genes were denoted as hub genes having highest degree *** analyzing MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16 via various TCGA databases and RT-qPCR technique across clinical samples and KiRC cell lines,interestingly,all these hub genes were found significantly overexpressed at mRNA and protein levels in KiRC samples relative to *** notable effect of the up-regulated MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16 was also documented on the overall survival(OS)of the KiRC ***,targeted bisulfite-sequencing(bisulfite-seq)analysis revealed that promoter hypomethylation pattern was associated with up-regulation of hub genes(MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16).in addition to this,hub genes were involved in various diverse oncogenic *** MMP gene family members(MMP2,MMP9,MMP12,and MMP16)may serve as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in KiRC.

关键词： KiRC MMP gene family Chemotherapy Overall survival

Burden of routine orthopedic implant removal a single center retrospective study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 139-146页

作者： Ammar K AlOmran Nader Alosaimi Ahmed A Alshaikhi Omar M Bakhurji Khalid J Alzahrani Basil Ziyad Salloot Tamim Omar Alabduladhem Ahmed i AlMulhim Arwa Alumran Department of Orthopedic College of MedicineImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam 31441Saudi Arabia Health information Management and Technology Department Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam 31441Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Open reduction and internal fixation represent prevalent orthopedic procedures,sparking ongoing discourse over whether to retain or remove asymptomatic *** consensus on this matter is paramount for orthopedic *** study aims to quantify the impact of routine implant removal on patients and healthcare facilities.A retrospective analysis of implant removal cases from 2016 to 2022 at King Fahad Hospital of the University(KFHU)was conducted and subjected to statistical *** these cases,44%necessitated hospitalization exceeding one day,while 56%required only a single *** exhibited a 55%need for extended hospital stays,contrasting with 22.8%among the pediatric *** complication rate was 6%,with all patients experiencing at least one ***,34.1%required sick leave and 4.8%exceeded 14 *** anesthesia was predominant(88%).Routine implant removal introduces unwarranted complications,particularly in adults,potentially prolonging *** procedure strains hospital resources,tying up the operating room that could otherwise accommodate critical *** defined institutional guidelines are imperative to regulate this *** To measure the burden of routine implant removal on the patients and *** This is a retrospective analysis study of 167 routine implant removal cases treated at KFHU,a tertiary hospital in Saudi *** were collected in the orthopedic department at KFHU from February 2016 to August 2022,which includes routine asymptomatic implant removal cases across all age *** indications such as infection,pain,implant failure,malunion,nonunion,restricted range of motion,and prominent hardware were *** who had external fixators removed or joints replaced were also *** Between February 2016 and August 2022,360 implants were retrieved;however,only 167 of those who met the inclusion criteria were included in this

关键词： implant removal Healed fracture Orthopedic implant Complications Healthcare system

Highly Defective Dark TiO_(2) Modified with Pt: Effects of Precursor Nature and Preparation Method on Photocatalytic Properties

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第2期30卷 198-209页

作者： E.D.Fakhrutdinova O.A.Reutova T.A.Bugrova i.Yu.Ovsyuk L.S.Kibis O.A.Stonkus D.B.Vasilchenko O.V.Vodyankina V.A.Svetlychnyi National Research Tomsk State University TomskRussia 634050 Novosibirsk State University NovosibirskRussia 630090 Boreskov institute of Catalysis NovosibirskRussia 630090 Nikolaev institute of inorganic Chemistry NovosibirskRussia 630090

The study focused on the modification with platinum of dark defective titania obtained via pulsed laser ablation. Both the method of Pt introduction and the nature of the Pt precursor were varied. All samples exhibited similar phase compositions, specific surface areas, and Pt contents. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with pulsed CO adsorption revealed increased dispersity when photoreduction and the hydroxonitrate complex (Me _(4) N) _(2) [Pt _(2) (OH) _(2) (NO _(3) ) _(8) ] were used. The sample featured a high content of single-atom species and subnano-sized Pt clusters. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the photoreduction method facilitated the appearance of a larger number of Pt ^(2+) states, which appeared owing to the strong metal-support interaction (SMSi) eff ect of the transfer of electron density from the electron-saturated defects on the TiO _(2) surface to Pt ^(4+) . in the hydrogen evolution reaction, samples with a significant fraction of the Pt ^(2+) ionic component, capable of generating short-lived Pt^(0) single-atom sites under irradiation due to the SMSi eff ect, exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The 0.5Pt(C)/TiO_(2) -Ph sample exhibited the highest hydrogen yield with a quantum efficiency of 0.53, retaining its activity even after 8 h of operation.

关键词： Dark(black)TiO_(2) Pulsed laser ablation Platinum reduction method Precursor type Photocatalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

Effect of Wearing a Maxillofacial Prosthesis on Masticatory Rhythm improvement in Mandibulectomy Patients

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Health 2024年第7期16卷 717-729页

作者： Xuewei Han Mihoko Haraguchi Yuka i. Sumita Marwa Ahmed Aboelez Noriyuki Wakabayashi Department of Advanced Prosthodontics Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan Department of Partial and Complete Denture School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo The Nippon Dental University Tokyo Japan Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of Dentistry Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

Background: Recording jaw movement rhythms in patients with jaw defects is challenging using conventional tracking devices. However, masticatory rhythm is crucial for masticatory performance and nutritional intake. This study aimed to explore the impact of using a maxillofacial prosthesis to restore masticatory rhythm in mandibulectomy patients with a novel wearable device. Methods: Twelve patients who underwent mandibulectomy and were rehabilitated with maxillofacial prosthesis were recruited. Chewing rate, cycle durations, coefficient of variation of cycle durations (CV), changing times of skin morphology on the back of the ear pinna area (SM), and masticatory performance were measured during gum chewing without and with a denture using a wearable jaw movement rhythm tracking device. A paired t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: The chewing rate increased by 8.6 cycles/min with dentures (P P = 0.01). The CV and SM decreased with dentures (P = 0.004 and P = 0.01, respectively). Significant correlations were found between the CV and SM without dentures (P = 0.004). Conclusion: 1. Wearing maxillofacial prostheses can improve masticatory rhythm in patients who undergo mandibulectomy with Eichner B2 occlusal supports. 2. The wearable device is available for measuring masticatory rhythm in patients with jaw defects in clinics. 3. Changing times of the skin morphology on the back of the ear pinna indicate jaw movement stability through a simpler process than the coefficient of variation of cycle durations.

关键词： Masticatory Rhythm Jaw Movement Rhythm Tracking Device Maxillofacial Prosthesis Head and Neck Tumor Mandibulectomy