Bacterial wilt disease caused by several Ralstonia species is one of the most destructive diseases in Solanaceae *** a few functional resistance genes against bacterial wilt have been cloned to ***,we showthat the bro...
详细信息
Bacterial wilt disease caused by several Ralstonia species is one of the most destructive diseases in Solanaceae *** a few functional resistance genes against bacterial wilt have been cloned to ***,we showthat the broadly conserved typeⅢsecreted effector RipY is recognized by the Nicotiana benthamiana immune system,leading to cell death induction,induction of defense-related gene expression,and restriction of bacterial pathogen *** a multiplexed virus-induced gene-silencing-based *** nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor(NbNLR)library,we identified a coiled-coil(CC)nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor(CNL)required for recognition of RipY,which we named RESISTANCE TO RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM RIPY(RRS-Y).Genetic complementation assays in RRS-Y-silenced plants and stable rrs-y knockout mutants demonstrated that RRS-Y is sufficient to activate RipY-induced cell death andRipY-induced immunity to Ralstonia ***-Y function is dependent on the phosphate-binding loop motif of the nucleotide-binding domain but independent of the characterized signaling components ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1,ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1,and N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 and the NLR helpers NB-LRR REQUIRED FOR HR-ASSOCIATED CELL DEATH-2,-3,and-4 in *** further show that RRS-Y localization at the plasma membrane is mediated by two cysteine residues in the CC domain and is required for RipY *** also broadly recognizes RipY homologs across Ralstonia ***,we show that the C-terminal region of RipY is indispensable for RRS-Y ***,our findings provide an additional effector/receptor pair system to deepen our understanding of CNL activation in plants.
Plant pathogenic bacteria deliver effectors into plant cells to suppress immunity and promote pathogen survival;however, these effectors can be recognised by plant disease resistance (R) proteins to activate innate im...
详细信息
Plant pathogenic bacteria deliver effectors into plant cells to suppress immunity and promote pathogen survival;however, these effectors can be recognised by plant disease resistance (R) proteins to activate innate immunity. The bacterial acetyltransferase effectors HopZ5 and AvrBsT trigger immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes lacking SUPPRESSOR OF AVRBST-ELICITED RESISTANCE 1 (SOBER1). Using an Arabidopsis accession, Tscha-1, that naturally lacks functional SOBER1 but is unable to recognise HopZ5, we demonstrate that RESISTANCE TO P. SYRINGAE PV MACULICOLA 1 (RPM1) and RPM1-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4 (RIN4) are indispensable for HopZ5- or AvrBsT-triggered immunity. Remarkably, T166 of RIN4, the phosphorylation of which is induced by AvrB and AvrRpm1, was directly acetylated by HopZ5 and AvrBsT. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the acetylation of RIN4 T166 is required and sufficient for HopZ5- or AvrBsT-triggered RPM1-dependent defence activation. Finally, we show that SOBER1 interferes with HopZ5- or AvrBsT-triggered immunity by deacetylating RIN4 T166. We have thus elucidated detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the activation and suppression of plant innate immunity triggered by two bacterial acetyltransferases, HopZ5 and AvrBsT from different bacterial pathogens.
AIM:To evaluate diagnostic value ofα-fetoprotein (AFP)-L3 and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS:One hundred and sixty-eight patients during routine HCC sur...
详细信息
AIM:To evaluate diagnostic value ofα-fetoprotein (AFP)-L3 and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS:One hundred and sixty-eight patients during routine HCC surveillance were included in this *** the 168 patients,90(53.6%)had HCC including newly developed HCC(n=82)or recurrent HCC after treatment(n=8).sera were obtained during their first evaluation for HCC development and at the time of HCC diagnosis before commencing HCC *** was diagnosed by histological examination,appropriate imaging characteristics-computed tomography or magnetic resonance *** sera were collected from 78 patients with benign liver disease(BLD),which were obtained during routine surveillance with a suspicion of ***,AFP-L3 and PIVKA-Ⅱwere measured in the same serum by microchip capillary electrophoresis and liquid-phase binding assay on a micro-total analysis system Wako i30 auto *** performance characteristics of three tests and combined tests for the diagnosis of HCC were obtained using receiver operating characteristic curves in all populations and subgroups with AFP200 ng/*** the 78 BLD patients,74(94.9%)patients had AFP5%) and PIVKA-Ⅱ(cut-off>40 AU/L),the sensitivity were 94.4%and specificity were 75.6%in all *** 112 patients
暂无评论