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The Role of the Spatial Network in Urban Disaster Risk Variations:Reimagining the Notion of Spatial Vulnerability at the Urban Scale

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 303-316页

作者： Monia Del Pinto Ksenia Chmutina Falli palaiologou lee Bosher School of Architecture Building and Civil Engineering Loughborough University School of Business University of Leicester

The notion of “spatial vulnerability” is present in most disaster studies with a strong geographical connotation and accordingly is adopted at all scales, including the urban. While enabling mapping and visualizing risk patterns at macroscales, this geocentric foundation fails to capture disaster risk dynamics associated with the urban spatial network—an element that plays a significant role in the everyday and emergency functioning of cities, enabling users' movement and interaction. Yet,urban vulnerability assessment overlooks this aspect and thus leaves urban disaster risk mechanisms partially *** study investigated the role of the network of urban public open spaces(UPOS) in the creation and progression of urban disaster risk in earthquake-prone settlements. Through a multimethod approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods and explores spatial configuration, planning policies, and practices of use of UPOS in everyday and emergency scenarios, our study demonstrated that UPOS configuration plays an active role in urban disaster risk. Urban public open spaces impact risk by influencing the exposure of pedestrians and their capacity for self-protection. The study further reconceptualized spatial vulnerability at the urban scale, as the fraction of vulnerability associated to the spatial network, highlighting the interplay of planning policies and spatial practices in its production and progression. Our findings make the notion of spatial vulnerability less ambiguous at the urban scale, by viewing the variable as an imbalance in capacities and exposure that generates spatially unsafe conditions. This refined conceptualization of spatial vulnerability becomes a lens for a more granular approach to urban disaster risk reduction and city planning by identifying and integrating sociospatial considerations.

关键词： Central Italy Earthquakes Pedestrian evacuation Space syntax Spatial vulnerability Urban disaster risk

A Review of Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries:Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 358-401页

作者： Ghazanfar Nazir Adeela Rehman Jong-Hoon lee Choong-Hee Kim Jagadis Gautam Kwang Heo Sajjad Hussain Muhammad Ikram Abeer AAlObaid Seul-Yi lee Soo-Jin Park Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Hybrid Materials Research Center(HMC)Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University50 Yonsei-RoSeodaemun-GuSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea Solar Cell Applications Research Lab Department of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000 PunjabPakistan Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are gaining attention as an ideal option for various applications requiring high-capacity batteries,such as portable electronics,electric vehicles,and renewable energy *** offer advantages such as low environmental impact,enhanced safety compared to Li-ion batteries,and cost-effectiveness due to the abundance of ***,early research faced challenges due to parasitic reactions at the zinc anode and slow oxygen redox *** advancements in restructuring the anode,utilizing alternative electrolytes,and developing bifunctional oxygen catalysts have significantly improved *** have achieved battery reversibility over thousands of cycles,introduced new electrolytes,and achieved energy efficiency records surpassing 70%.Despite these achievements,there are challenges related to lower power density,shorter lifespan,and air electrode corrosion leading to performance *** review paper discusses different battery configurations,and reaction mechanisms for electrically and mechanically rechargeable ZABs,and proposes remedies to enhance overall battery *** paper also explores recent advancements,applications,and the future prospects of electrically/mechanically rechargeable ZABs.

关键词： Zinc-air batteries Energy storage Affordability Reversibility

Extracellular vesicles for neural regeneration after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 491-492页

作者： Young-Ju Lim Wook-Tae Park Gun Woo lee Department of Orthopedic Surgery Yeungnam University Medical CenterYeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguKorea

What is spinal cord injury:Spinal cord injury(SCI)is the damage to the structure of the bundles of cells and nerves that communicate signals from the brain to the body and *** pathology of SCI includes both primary and secondary injuries(Morales et al.,2016).Physical forces such as compression,shearing,contusion,and tearing are major causes of primary injury in *** are two main processes in primary injury:acute and *** acute phase includes traumatic disruption of axons and hemorrhage of the blood vessels around the spinal *** injury to the vessels can lead to increased edema within the neural and cord tissues,susceptibility to infiltration by microglia and astrocytes,excitotoxicity,and ***,disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier results in the release of inflammatory cytokines from specific cells and vessels.

关键词： acute injuries nerves

Low phase noise K-band signal generation using polarization diverse single-soliton integrated microcombs

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Photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1175-1185页

作者： ALWAleeD ALDHAFEERI HSIAO-HSUAN CHIN TRISTAN MELTON DONG IL lee ALLEN CHU WENTING WANG MINGBIN YU PATRICK GUO-QIANG LO DIM-lee KWONG CHEE WEI WONG Fang Lu Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA Institute of Microelectronics A*STARSingapore 117865Singapore State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technologyand Shanghai Industrial Technology Research InstituteShanghai 200050China

Frequency microcombs with microwave and millimeter-wave repetition rates provide a compact solution for coherent communication and information *** implementation of these microcombs using a CMOS-compatible platform further paves the way for large-scale photonic integration and ***,we demonstrate free-running soliton microcombs with K-band repetition rates with very low phase noise over a 4 GHz pump detuning range reaching−117(−123)dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset for a 19.7(10)GHz carrier without active pump stabilization,exceeding commercial electronic microwave oscillators at frequency offsets above 40 *** minimum laser noise to soliton microwave signal transduction factor observed is−*** noise performance is achieved using a hybridized dual-mode for soliton generation to achieve passive thermal stabilization and minimal soliton spectrum shift from prior Raman scattering and dispersive wave *** further examine the locking of the repetition rate to an external ultrastable photonic oscillator to illustrate the feasibility of phase noise suppression below the thermorefractive noise limits of microresonator frequency combs.

关键词： pump polarization millimeter

NOON-state interference in the frequency domain

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 843-851页

作者： Dongjin lee Woncheol Shin Sebae Park Junyeop Kim Heedeuk Shin Department of Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673South Korea

The examination of entanglement across various degrees of freedom has been pivotal in augmenting our understanding of fundamental physics,extending to high dimensional quantum states,and promising the scalability of quantum *** this paper,we demonstrate the photon number path entanglement in the frequency domain by implementing a frequency beam splitter that converts the single-photon frequency to another with 50%probability using Bragg scattering four-wave *** two-photon NOON state in a single-mode fiber is generated in the frequency domain,manifesting the two-photon interference with two-fold enhanced resolution compared to that of single-photon interference,showing the outstanding stability of the *** successful translation of quantum states in the frequency domain will pave the way toward the discovery of fascinating quantum phenomena and scalable quantum information processing.

关键词： quantum state showing

Biochemical consequences of glucocerebrosidase 1 mutations in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 725-727页

作者： Jeong Hyun Yoon Chiao-Yin lee Anthony HV Schapira Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences University College London Institute of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Aligning Science Across Parkinson's(ASAP)Collaborative Research Network

Parkinson’s disease(PD,OMIM#168600)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 8.5 *** is characterized by four cardinal motor symptoms:bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and subsequently by postural *** usually involves non-motor symptoms such as rapid eye movement sleep disorder,dementia,anosmia,and autonomic *** gene glucocerebrosidase 1(GBA1),which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase(GCase)(IUBMB:EC 3.***.1.45),shows strong linkage with PD;variants of GBA1 are the commonest genetic association with PD(Sidransky et al.,2009).Several mechanisms may underlie the relationship between GBA1 mutations/variants and the molecular pathology of PD(Figure 1A and B).

关键词： cerebro consequences

Recent Advances in Patterning Strategies for Full‑Color Perovskite Light‑Emitting Diodes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 99-137页

作者： Gwang Heon lee Kiwook Kim Yunho Kim Jiwoong Yang Moon Kee Choi Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering Center for Future Semiconductor Technology(FUST)Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea Energy Science and Engineering Research Center Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu 42988Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Seoul 08826Republic of Korea

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising light-emitting materials for next-generation displays owing to their remarkable material characteristics including broad color tunability,pure color emission with remarkably narrow bandwidths,high quantum yield,and solution *** recent advances have pushed the luminance efficiency of monochromic perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)to their theoretical limits,their current fabrication using the spincoating process poses limitations for fabrication of full-color *** integrate PeLEDs into full-color display panels,it is crucial to pattern red–green–blue(RGB)perovskite pixels,while mitigating issues such as cross-contamination and reductions in luminous ***,we present state-of-the-art patterning technologies for the development of full-color ***,we highlight recent advances in the development of efficient ***,we discuss various patterning techniques of MPHs(i.e.,photolithography,inkjet printing,electron beam lithography and laserassisted lithography,electrohydrodynamic jet printing,thermal evaporation,and transfer printing)for fabrication of RGB pixelated *** patterning techniques can be classified into two distinct approaches:in situ crystallization patterning using perovskite precursors and patterning of colloidal perovskite *** review highlights advancements and limitations in patterning techniques for PeLEDs,paving the way for integrating PeLEDs into full-color panels.

关键词： Perovskite Light-emitting diode Full-color display High-resolution patterning Electroluminescence

Advances in Wireless,Batteryless,Implantable Electronics for Real‑Time,Continuous Physiological Monitoring

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 254-302页

作者： Hyeonseok Kim Bruno Rigo Gabriella Wong Yoon Jae lee Woon‑Hong Yeo IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Wallace H.Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Tech and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30332USA Parker H.Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Institute for MaterialsInstitute for Robotics and Intelligent MachinesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless,batteryless,fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring,focusing on advancing human health *** considerations,such as biological constraints,energy sourcing,and wireless communication,are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human *** addition,we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems,emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities,biocompatibility,and *** wireless,batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body,enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease ***,we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care,highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.

关键词： Implantable electronics Biomedical systems Batteryless devices Wireless electronics Physiological signal monitoring

Depolarization mitigated in ferroelectric Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)ultrathin films(<5 nm)on Si substrate by interface engineering

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第3期13卷 282-292页

作者： Se Hyun Kim Younghwan lee Dong Hyun lee Geun Hyeong Park Hyun Woo Jeong Kun Yang Yong Hyeon Cho Young Yong Kim Min Hyuk Park Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science&TechnologyPohang 790784Republic of Korea

(Hf,Zr)O_(2)offers considerable potential for next-generation semiconductor devices owing to its nonvolatile spontaneous polarization at the ***,scaling this material to sub-5 nm thickness poses several challenges,including the formation of an interfacial layer and high trap *** particular,a low-k SiO_(2)interfacial layer is naturally formed when(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films are directly grown on a Si substrate,leading to high depolarization fields and rapid reduction of the remanent *** address these issues,we conducted a study to significantly improve ferroelectricity and switching endurance of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films with sub-5 nm thicknesses by inserting a TiO_(2)interfacial *** deposition of a Ti film prior to Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film deposition resulted in a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer and prevented the direct contact of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)with *** findings show that the high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer can reduce the SiO_(2)/Si interface trap density and the depolarization field,resulting in a switchable polarization of 60.2μC/cm^(2)for a 5 nm thick Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)***,we propose that inserting a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer between the Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film and the Si substrate may offer a promising solution to enhancing the ferroelectricity and reliability of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)grown on the Si substrate and can pave the way for next-generation semiconductor devices with improved performance.

关键词： ferroelectric charge trapping hafnia depolarization