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The Effect of Land Cover Change on Flooding in Texas

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第9期5卷 123-137页

作者： seong nam hwang Environmental Science Program Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA

The world population has been increasing while, similarly, both the number of environmental disasters and the loss resulting from those have been on the rise. It is also expected that the trend will continue. Especially, what is noticeable is that more and more people and property concentrate on cities. In fact, urbanization is a major global trend simply because most people want to get their jobs, raise and educate their children, and enjoy riches of diverse cultures, recreation activities, and entertainment, which cities can provide to them. Urbanization always involves transforming the natural environment into a man-made environment, contributing to changes in land use and land cover patterns as well as in landscape and hydrology in the built-up areas. These changes, in turn, negatively influence the natural environment because those changes almost always tend to result in the disruption of its fragile ecosystems in balance. In addition, the changes mean the land used, for example, for a natural ecosystem may be converted into an impervious land, which can increase human vulnerability to floods, causing human and property losses. There has been some research done to investigate the relationship between land use/land cover change and environmental hazards. However, little research has been conducted to test direct effects of land cover change on environmental disasters such as floods, hurricanes, and hazardous material releases by using GIS and remote sensing technologies. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the effect of land cover change on floods. More specifically, the research tested whether land cover change is related to flood disasters in Texas from 1993 to 2012. One of the main findings of this research is that both decrease in forest areas and increase in urban built-up areas contributed to the property damage resulting from flood events.

关键词： Disaster Mitigation Environmental Hazard Land Use Change Emergency Management Disaster Planning Flooding

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Associations between Wildfire Risk and Socio-Economic-Demographic Characteristics Using GIS Technology

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第5期14卷 365-388页

作者： seong nam hwang Kayla Meier Environmental Science Program Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau Missouri United States

Wildfire is a natural hazard caused mostly by the interaction of human systems and natural phenomena. This research aims to investigate how extreme wildfire events and disasters that occurred in California in the recent three decades are related to socio-economic-demographic characteristics at the levels of census tracts and counties. In addition, this research will use the data of historic wildfires to show counties and census tracts vulnerable to the natural hazard as well as the cyclical changes such as seasonal and annual fluctuations in the wildfire occurrences in the state. To decide how those variables correlate, this research used a Geographic Information System (GIS) designed to collect, analyze, query, and display geographical information. Two types of secondary data were used to conduct the research. One is the geospatial data showing each location of wildfires. The other is the data about such sociodemographic characteristics as race, ethnicity, level of education, and income, which can be collected through the Bureau of Census. In particular, the research employing GIS-based spatial analysis created maps that represent information on the geographic locations of the wildfires at the different geographic levels as well as demographic and socioeconomic factors influenced by the potential risk of wildfires. There are several researching findings. First, this research showed the wildfire-prone communities have comparatively higher level of representation for the populations such as the White and Native Americans. Second, it reveals that Asian people would prefer to reside in communities with a lower level of wildfire risk. In contrast with previous research reporting the Black, Hispanic or Native American people are more vulnerable to wildfire, this research showed only the census tracts with the higher number of the Native Americans are more exposed to the wildfire risk, compared with other census tracts. Third, it revealed that people with a higher level o

关键词： Environmental Hazard Wildfire Risk GIS Disaster Emergency Management Risk Analysis

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Tornado Impacts in the US from 1950-2015: A GIS-Based Analysis of Vulnerability and Evolving Risk Zones for Human Casualties

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2023年第5期15卷 563-579页

作者： seong nam hwang Kayla Meier Environmental Science Program Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau Missouri USA

The United States is one of the major countries in the world that faces a numerous number of tornadoes every year, directly and indirectly experiencing extensive property damage and human casualties as well as a variety of demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts. This research provides a GIS-based examination of the ways past tornadoes that occurred in the US in the period 1950-2015 have played out in the context of bodily injuries and loss of human life. To this end, the research collected major secondary data (i.e., georeferenced tornado point data) from the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) tornado database and conducted raster-based spatial analysis, utilizing techniques like point density analysis and map algebra to locate areas that have a high risk of tornadoes and to create maps that show relationships between the past tornado events and human casualties. One of the major research findings shown by the spatial analysis was that the geographic areas or regions impacted by tornadoes varied over time. In addition, the statistical results showed a trend that the tornado-prone regions extend from “Tornado Alley” to the states of Illinois, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, and Florida, indicating that the communities in those states that are newly considered to be vulnerable to tornadoes should step up to develop their own tornado mitigation plan to help protect the public and its property from tornadoes. Such plans can play a crucial role in safeguarding the public and protecting property from tornadoes’ potential impact. Additionally, urban planners and policymakers can use this information to make informed decisions about building codes and infrastructure development in tornado-prone areas, potentially reducing the impact of future tornado events on human lives and property.

关键词： Tornadoes Emergency Management Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazard Natural Hazard

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Relationships between Potential Risk of Hazardous Material Releases and Socio-Economic Demographic Characteristics Using Geospatial Analysis

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第7期9卷 62-85页

作者： seong nam hwang Venu Srivastav Kannegalla Environmental Science Program Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau USA

The problem investigated in this research is about the potential risk of technological hazards, which poses a perilous threat to humankind and the environment. Rapid urbanization has been increasing the population density in an area, elevating the risk of exposure to technological disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the areas with higher chemical risk to spread awareness about the potential risk zones and reduce actual damage and casualties resulting from the hazardous substance events. The basic design of the study utilizes geospatial analysis to map the TRI (Toxics Release Inventory) facilities in the communities of Texas to establish a relationship between potential hazardous material release zones and the human population at risk. The study identified the vulnerable counties as well as investigated how those risk areas are related to race/ethnicity, income and education. The research would contribute to the policymakers acting on the hazard situation and keep them better prepared for chemical hazards. In addition, it would help the residents and emergency managers to better understand the circumstance to mitigate the consequences as well as increase their awareness to be ready for the uncertainties in the hotspots involved in high risk of the hazards.

关键词： Environmental Hazard Risk GIS Disaster Hazard Mitigation Emergency Management Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Facilities and Socioeconomic Demographic Characteristics

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Does Environmental Risk Affect Human Migration Behavior?

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2017年第4期9卷 493-504页

作者： seong nam hwang Sang-Woo Lee Environmental Science Program Department of Biology Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau USA Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture Konkuk University Seoul Korea

This study tests the influence of environmental risks associated with floods, hurricanes, and hazardous material releases on human migration behavior. With close attention to a function of environmental risk factors, socio-demographic attributes, hazard risk and locational attributes were measured and correlated to the standardized number of recent arrivals and long term residents at the census tract level. Two groups (i.e., recent arrivals and long-term residents) were created to compare their moving behavior. The results indicate that flood risk showed little relationship to either recent arrivals or long-term residents. These results are consistent with past research which suggests that people tend to ignore their vulnerability to natural hazards. However, both groups had negative relationships to the risk from hurricanes and hazardous material releases. This counter-intuitive result suggests that other factors, such as proximity to employment opportunities or property tax advantages, need to be examined. In particular, the recent arrivals were negatively related to chemical risk while long-term residents were positively related to chemical risks, indicating that people that just arrived and old residents are somewhat different in perceiving environmental risks. In addition, the results of this study suggest that people are objective about environmental risks in selecting their habitat. However, once the habitat is settled, people’s perception of the risks may be interfered or reduced by other factors.

关键词： GIS Environmental Hazards Emergency Management Moving Behavior Environmental Risk

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Incorporation of Ionic Conductive Polymers into Sulfide Electrolyte-Based Solid-State Batteries to Enhance Electrochemical Stability and Cycle Life

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 4-12页

作者： Juhyoung Kim Woonghee Choi seong-Ju hwang Dong Wook Kim Advanced Materials Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon 34114Korea Department of Material Science and Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Korea Department of Material Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology(UST)Daejeon 34113Korea

Sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolytes are promising materials for high-performance safe solid-state *** high ion conductivity,mechanical characteristics,and good processability of sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolytes are desirable properties for realizing high-performance safe solid-state batteries by replacing conventional liquid ***,the low chemical and electrochemical stability of sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolytes hinder the commercialization of sulfide-based safe solid-state ***,the instability of sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolytes is intensified in the cathode,comprising various *** this study,carbonate-based ionic conductive polymers are introduced to the cathode to protect cathode materials and suppress the reactivity of sulfide *** instruments,including electrochemical spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy,confirm the chemical and electrochemical stability of the polymer electrolytes in contact with sulfide-based inorganic solid ***-based solid-state cells show stable electrochemical performance over 100 cycles when the ionic conductive polymers were applied to the cathode.

关键词： composite cathode electrochemical stability ionic conductive polymer solid-state battery sulfide solid electrolyte

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Random pinhole attenuator for high-power laser beams

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 116-121页

作者： seong Cheol Park Hyeok Yun Jin Woo Yoon seong Ku Lee Jae Hee Sung Il Woo Choi Chang Hee nam Kyung Taec Kim Department of Physics and Photon Science Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea Center for Relativistic Laser Science Institute for Basic ScienceGwangjuRepublic of Korea Advanced Photonics Research Institute Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea

The intensity attenuation of a high-power laser is a frequent task in the measurements of optical *** intensity can be attenuated by inserting an optical element,such as a partial reflector,polarizer or absorption *** devices are,however,not always easily applicable,especially in the case of ultra-high-power lasers,because they can alter the characteristics of a laser beam or become easily *** this study,we demonstrated that the intensity of a laser beam could be effectively attenuated using a random pinhole attenuator(RPA),a device with randomly distributed pinholes,without changing the beam *** this device,a multi-PW laser beam was successfully attenuated and the focused beam profile was measured without any alterations of its *** addition,it was confirmed that the temporal profile of a laser pulse,including the spectral phase,was ***,the RPA possesses significant potential for a wide range of applications.

关键词： high-power laser intensity attenuation laser diagnostics

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Tailoring Classical Conditioning Behavior in TiO_(2) Nanowires:ZnO QDs-Based Optoelectronic Memristors for Neuromorphic Hardware

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 265-280页

作者： Wenxiao Wang Yaqi Wang Feifei Yin Hongsen Niu Young-Kee Shin Yang Li Eun-seong Kim nam-Young Kim School of Information Science and Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022People’s Republic of China RFIC Centre NDAC CentreKwangwoon UniversityNowon-guSeoul 139-701South Korea Department of Electronics Engineering Kwangwoon UniversityNowon-GuSeoul 139-701South Korea School of Microelectronics Shandong UniversityJinan 250101People’s Republic of China Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea

Neuromorphic hardware equipped with associative learn-ing capabilities presents fascinating applications in the next generation of artificial ***,research into synaptic devices exhibiting complex associative learning behaviors is still ***,an optoelec-tronic memristor based on Ag/TiO_(2) Nanowires:ZnO Quantum dots/FTO was proposed and constructed to emulate the biological associative learning *** implementation of synaptic behaviors,including long and short-term plasticity,and learning-forgetting-relearning behaviors,were achieved in the device through the application of light and electrical *** the optoelectronic co-modulated characteristics,a simulation of neuromorphic computing was conducted,resulting in a handwriting digit recognition accuracy of 88.9%.Furthermore,a 3×7 memristor array was constructed,confirming its application in artificial visual *** importantly,complex biological associative learning behaviors were emulated by mapping the light and electrical stimuli into conditioned and unconditioned stimuli,*** training through associative pairs,reflexes could be triggered solely using light ***-sively,under specific optoelectronic signal applications,the four features of classical conditioning,namely acquisition,extinction,recovery,and generalization,were elegantly *** work provides an optoelectronic memristor with associative behavior capabilities,offering a pathway for advancing brain-machine interfaces,autonomous robots,and machine self-learning in the future.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Classical conditioning Neuromorphic computing Artificial visual memory Optoelectronic memristors ZnO Quantum dots

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OsWRKY65 enhances immunity against fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 470-481页

作者： Seungmin Son Giha Song Suhyeon nam Jinjeong Lee Duk-Ju hwang Eun-Jung Suh Sang Ryeol Park National Institute of Agricultural Sciences Rural Development AdministrationJeonju 54874Republic of Korea Department of Agriculture Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea

Diverse bacterial and fungal pathogens attack plants,causing biotic stress and severe yield losses *** losses are expected to become more serious as climate change improves conditions for many ***,identifying genes conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance and elucidating their underlying mechanisms provides important resources for plant *** transcription factors affect plant growth and stress ***,the functions of many WRKY proteins remain to be ***,we demonstrated the role of rice(Oryza sativa)WRKY groupⅢtranscription factor OsWRKY65 in ***65 localized to the nucleus and acted as transcriptional *** and molecular functional analyses showed that OsWRKY65 increases resistance to the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi through downregulation of GA signaling and upregulation of JA ***,OsWRKY65 modulated the expression of the key genes that confer susceptibility or resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae *** to enhance immunity against the *** particular,OsWRKY65directly bound to the promoter region of OsSWEET13 and repressed its *** together,our findings demonstrate that the OsWRKY65 enhances resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice.

关键词： Bacterial blight Bakanae disease Broad-spectrum disease resistance Oriza sativa OsWRKY65 Rice

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Vertical plane depth-resolved surface potential and carrier separation characteristics in flexible CZTSSe solar cells with over 12% efficiency

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 36-52页

作者： Dae-Ho Son Ha Kyung Park Dae-Hwan Kim Jin-Kyu Kang Shi-Joon Sung Dae-Kue hwang Jaebaek Lee Dong-Hwan Jeon Yunae Cho William Jo Taeseon Lee JunHo Kim Sang-Hoon nam Kee-Jeong Yang Division of Energy Technology DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Research Center for Thin Film Solar Cells DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic *** main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and *** overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior *** determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber *** elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)*** the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was *** the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was *** improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.

关键词： carrier separation CZTSSe flexible solar cell local current surface potential

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