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Climatic and non-climatic factors driving the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District, Ghana

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第3期 26-41页

作者： Frank BAFFOUR-ATA Louisa BOAKYE Moses Tilatob GADO Ellen BOAKYE-YIADOM Sylvia Cecilia MENSAH senyo michael kwaku kumfo Kofi Prempeh OSEI OWUSU Emmanuel CARR Emmanuel DZIKUNU Patrick DAVIES Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Department of Meteorology and Climate Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

Smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District, Ghana, face multiple climatic and non-climatic issues. This study assessed the factors contributing to the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in this district by household surveys with 200 respondents and focus group discussions(FGDs) with 10 respondents. The Mann–Kendall trend test was used to assess mean annual rainfall and temperature trends from 2002 to 2022. The relative importance index(RII) value was used to rank the climatic and non-climatic factors perceived by respondents. The socioeconomic characteristics affecting smallholder farmers' perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were evaluated by the binary logistic regression model. Results showed that mean annual rainfall decreased(P>0.05) but mean annual temperature significantly increased(P<0.05) from 2002 to 2022 in the district. The key climatic factors perceived by smallholder farmers were extreme heat or increasing temperature(RII=0.498), erratic rainfall(RII=0.485), and increased windstorms(RII=0.475). The critical non-climatic factors were high cost of farm inputs(RII=0.485), high cost of healthcare(RII=0.435), and poor condition of roads to farms(RII=0.415). Smallholder farmers' perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were significantly affected by their socioeconomic characteristics(P<0.05). This study concluded that these factors negatively impact the livelihoods and well-being of smallholder farmers and socioeconomic characteristics influence their perceptions of these factors. Therefore, to enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate change, it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and context-specific approach that accounts for climatic and non-climatic factors.

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Climatic and non-climatic factors driving the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District,Ghana

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 24-39页

作者： Frank BAFFOUR-ATA Louisa BOAKYE Moses Tilatob GADO Ellen BOAKYE-YIADOM Sylvia Cecilia MENSAH senyo michael kwaku kumfo Kofi Prempeh OSEI OWUSU Emmanuel CARR Emmanuel DZIKUNU Patrick DAVIES Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiAK-039-5028Ghana Department of Meteorology and Climate Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiAK-039-5028Ghana

Smallholder farmers in Ahafo Ano North District,Ghana,face multiple climatic and non-climatic *** study assessed the factors contributing to the livelihood vulnerability of smallholder farmers in this district by household surveys with 200 respondents and focus group discussions(FGDs)with 10 *** Mann–Kendall trend test was used to assess mean annual rainfall and temperature trends from 2002 to *** relative importance index(RII)value was used to rank the climatic and non-climatic factors perceived by *** socioeconomic characteristics affecting smallholder farmers’perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were evaluated by the binary logistic regression *** showed that mean annual rainfall decreased(P>0.05)but mean annual temperature significantly increased(P<0.05)from 2002 to 2022 in the *** key climatic factors perceived by smallholder farmers were extreme heat or increasing temperature(RII=0.498),erratic rainfall(RII=0.485),and increased windstorms(RII=0.475).The critical non-climatic factors were high cost of farm inputs(RII=0.485),high cost of healthcare(RII=0.435),and poor condition of roads to farms(RII=0.415).Smallholder farmers’perceptions of climatic and non-climatic factors were significantly affected by their socioeconomic characteristics(P<0.05).This study concluded that these factors negatively impact the livelihoods and well-being of smallholder farmers and socioeconomic characteristics influence their perceptions of these ***,to enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate change,it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive and context-specific approach that accounts for climatic and non-climatic factors.

关键词： Smallholder farmers Livelihood vulnerability Climate change Socioeconomic characteristics Food security Ghana

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Evaluation of Breeding Substrates for Cocoa Pollinator, <i>Forcipomyia</i>spp. and Subsequent Implications for Yield in a Tropical Cocoa Production System

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 204-211页

作者： michael Adjaloo Ben kwaku Branoh Banful William Oduro Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agri- culture College of Agriculture and Natural Resources KNUST Kumasi Ghana Department of Wildlife and Range Management Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources College of Agriculture and Natural Resources KNUST Kumasi Ghana Technology Consultancy Centre College of Engineering KNUST Kumasi Ghana

A comparative study was carried out to determine the most suitable substrate for breeding of midges (Forcipomyia spp.) and the implications for pollination and yield in a typical cocoa production system in the forest ecological zone of Ghana. For the field experiment, the typically available substrates in cocoa farms which were used as the treatments under cocoa trees were: 1) rotten cocoa leaf litter;2) rotten cocoa pod husks;and 3) rotten banana pseudostem. The untreated cocoa trees served as control. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with three replications. For the laboratory experiment, the design was completely randomized design with four replications. The objective was to determine which substrate best supported breeding of the midges. The rotten banana pseudostem substrate recorded the highest population (7680) of Forcipomyia spp. after 56 days of observation. The cocoa pod husk and cocoa leaf litter recorded populations of 5226 and 1920, respectively. Similar observations were recorded in the level of pollination of the cocoa trees treated with rotten banana pseudostem (95.78%), cocoa pod husks (89.05%) and cocoa leaf litter (68.42%). Application of all substrates to the cocoa tree resulted in a 77% mean reduction in flower abortion as compared to the control. Fruit abortion, on the other hand, was significantly greater in trees treated with rotten banana pseudostem (73.7%) and rotten cocoa pod husks (71.3%) than in trees treated with rotten cocoa leaf litter (54.3%). Application of banana substrate explained 88% of the variation in cherelle production (fruit set) whereas cocoa pod husks and cocoa leaf litter accounted for 71% and 94%, respectively, of the variation in cherelle production. The study concluded that although cocoa leaf litter resulted in average increases in midges population and subsequently not too high levels of pollination, there was a significantly higher number of set fruits retained which implied high coco

关键词： Breeding Cocoa Pollinator Substrates Yield

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Use of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) for Testing of Ovarian Reserve: A Survey of Fifteen (15) Fertility Centres in Ghana

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 81-96页

作者： Dickson Mawusi michael Bright Yakass Chrissie Stancie Abaidoo Frederick kwaku Addai School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences (UHAS) Ho Ghana West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP) Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology University of Ghana Accra Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry Department of Anatomy College of Health Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences Department of Anatomy College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Medical School Korle Bu Accra Ghana

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a dimeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 140 kD, encoded by a gene on the short arm of chromosome and a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. The expression of AMH is markedly different in males and females, both in concentration and temporality. In males, Sertoli cells maintain a high concentration of AMH in utero which peaks shortly after birth and then drops precipitously at puberty. In females, granulosa cells produce very low levels of AMH in utero followed by a transient spike in the neonatal period. Concentrations of the hormone then rise steadily through adolescence to a peak in the mid-twenties and subsequently decline until becoming undetectable in menopause. The study aimed to understand how Clinicians and Clinical Embryologists used anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) test to assess ovarian reserve, direct patient selection and treatment regimens and guide in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle management in all registered fertility hospitals in a West African country, Ghana. A web-based survey (questionnaire) using google forms was performed to solicit responses from all IVF hospitals that are registered with the Fertility Society of Ghana (FERSOG). This questionnaire consisted of fifteen (15) broader questions, ten (10) of which assessed the clinics’ use of AMH. Responses were screened for quality to verify that only one (1) survey was completed by each IVF centre. The study was conducted during May and June 2020 at the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Department of the Airport Women’s Hospital (AWH) in Accra, Ghana. Results are reported as the proportion of IVF cycles represented by a particular answer choice. Survey responses were completed from 15 IVF centres, representing 2504 IVF cycles performed annually. A good majority (73.3%) [1835 IVF cycles] of the respondent IVF hospitals reported to use AMH as a first line test and 93.3% reported it as the best test for evaluating ovarian rese

关键词： Anti-Mullerian Hormone Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) IVF Ghana Ovarian Reserve Survey

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Use of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) for Testing of Ovarian Reserve: A Survey of Fifteen (15) Fertility Centres in Ghana

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences（生殖科学） 2021年第1期

作者： Dickson Mawusi michael Bright Yakass Chrissie Stancie Abaidoo Frederick kwaku Addai

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