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Additive manufacturing of composite materials and functionally graded structures using selective heat melting technique

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第12期47卷 243-252页

作者： Kalaimani Markandan Ruijing lim Pawan Kumar Kanaujia Ian Seetoh Muhammad Raziq bin Mohd Rosdi Zhi Huey Tey Jun seng Goh Yee Cheong Lam Changquan Lai Temasek Laboratories Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Drive637553Singapore School of Physical&Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371Singapore School of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Avenue639798Singapore School of Materials Science&Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Avenue639798Singapore

The feasibility of using selective heat melting(SHM) to fabricate composite materials and functionally graded structures was *** report,for the first time,the successful 3 D printing of copper(Cu)-polyethylene(PE) composite,iron(Fe)-polyethylene(PE) composite and functionally graded CuO foams using the SHM *** was found that a low feed rate,high airflow rate and high airflow temperature were required for efficient delivery of heat from the emitted hot air to the powder bed,so that the PE binder particles can melt and form dense composites with smooth *** best mechanical properties were exhibited by composites with 80 vol.% PE,as lower PE concentrations led to deficient binding of the metal particles,while higher PE concentrations meant that very few metal particles were available to strengthen the *** strength exhibited by Cu-PE composites was comparable to engineering plastics such as polycarbonate,with the added advantage of being electrically *** average conductivity of the samples,0.152±0.28 S/m,was on par with physically crosslinked graphene *** subjecting a Cu-PE composite,with Cu concentration graded from 10 vol.% to 30 vol.%,to a high temperature debinding and sintering treatment in air,CuO foam with graded porosity can be *** CuO foam was observed to fail in a layer-by-layer manner under mechanical compression,which is a characteristic of functionally graded *** study shows that,compared to existing 3 D printing techniques,SHM can be cheaper,have wider material compatibility,occupy a smaller footprint and potentially induce less residual stresses in the fabricated ***,it could be a valuable complement to current additive manufacturing techniques for fabricating mechanically strong composite materials and functionally graded structures.

关键词： Selective heat melting Functionally graded materials Additive manufacturing Multimaterial

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Acute-on-chronic liver failure in a multi-ethnic Asian city:A comparison of patients identified by Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver and European Association for the Study of the Liver definitions

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第28期9卷 1133-1140页

作者： Anandraj Selva Rajoo seng-Gee lim Wah Wah Phyo Thandar Tun Yock-Young Dan Yin-Mei Lee How-Cheng Low Kieron lim Poh-seng Tan Guan-Huei Lee Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology ASTARSingapore 138668Singapore Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingapore 119228Singapore Department of Hepatology Mandalay General Hospital30th StChan Aye Tharsan TownshipMandalayMyanmar

AIM To explore the applicability of the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver(APASL) and European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL) guidelines for acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) in profiling patients and determining the *** Patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Singapore with acute decompensation of liver disease from January 2004to July 2014 are screened for ACLF according to the APASL and EASL criteria. The patients' data(including basic demographics, information about existing chronic liver disease, information about the acute decompensation, relevant laboratory values during admission, treatment, and outcome) are retrospectively analyzed to determine the background, precipitating factors and *** A total of 458 liver patients is analyzed, and 78 patients with ACLF are identified. Sixty-three patients(80.8%) meet the APASL criteria, 64 patients(82.1%) meet the EASL criteria, and 49 patients(62.8%) fulfilled both criteria. The most common causes of acute liver injury are bacterial infections(59.0%), hepatitis B flare(29.5%), and variceal bleeding(24.4%). The common aetiologies of the underlying chronic disease included hepatitis B(43.6%), alcoholic(20.5%) and cryptogenic(11.5%) liver disease. The overall mortality rate is 61.5%. Increased age, the number of organ failures(as per CLIF-SOFA score), peak creatinine, INR, and amylase levels are associated with increased mortality or the need for liver transplantation. 14.3% of patients undergo liver transplantation with a 100% 1-year survival rate. CONCLUSION Both APASL and EASL criteria have identified ACLF patients with high three-month mortality, but those who fulfill APASL criteria alone have a better survival.

关键词： Acute-on-chronic liver failure Survival Prognosis Liver decompensation Liver cirrhosis

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Chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 treatment roadmap for resource constrained settings

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1972-1981页

作者： seng Gee lim Department of Gastroenterology and Hepa-tology Department of Medicine National University Health System Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore

AIM:To use existing hepatitis C virus(HCV)antiviral therapies as access to new treatments is ***:A Pub Med search for randomised control trials or meta-analysis related to response-guided therapy of HCV genotype 1 patients was undertaken using pegylated interferon and ribavirin(PR),boceprevir(B)and telaprevir(T)and lead-in where responseguided therapy at TW4(TW4),8(TW8),10(TW10),or12(TW12)based on HCVRNA(+)or HCVRNA(-).Studies presented at major conferences were also *** necessary,a post-hoc analysis was performed.A response-guided management roadmap was created based on sustained virological response(SVR).RESULTS:Starting with PR,those with HCVRNA(-)at TW4 have>86%SVR,while those are HCVRNA(+)have 34%-41.7%***(-)TW4 patients can have 24 wk PR if HCVRNA80%SVR,leading to the"80-80"***:Using a roadmap based on HCVRNA(-)at TW4 or TW8(the"80-80"rule),high SVR can be achieved,and guide the best choices for treatment,and also reduces drug exposure in poor responders.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C hepatitis C virus RNA Sustaine

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Alanine aminotransferase is an inadequate surrogate marker for detecting lamivudine resistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第37期16卷 4691-4696页

作者： Lee Guan lim Myat Oo Aung Bee Leng Seet Cindy Tan Yock Young Dan Yin Mei Lee Dede Selamat Sutedja Mark Fernandes Guan Huei Lee Evelyn Koay seng Gee lim Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National University Health System Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Department of Medicine National University Health System Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Molecular Diagnostic Centre National University Health System Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Investigative Medicine Unit National University Health System Yong Yoo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore

AIM: To investigate the accuracy of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in diagnosing lamivudine resistance and factors that contributed to abnormal serum ***: This was a retrospective study of chronic hepatitis B patients on lamivudine therapy who were followed for 3-mo with liver function tests and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA measurement. Lamivudine resistance was defined as HBV DNA ≥ 1 log from nadir on at least 2 occasions, confirmed by genotyping. Serum ALT levels in patients with lamivudine resistance were compared to serum ALT levels in those without lamivudine resistance. RESULTS: There were 111 patients with and 117 without lamivudine resistance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic of serum ALT to diagnose lamivudine resistance was 0.645 ± 0.037. Serum ALT > 42.5 U/L gave the best diagnostic accuracy with sensitivity = 61%, specificity = 60%, positive predictive value = 60%, negative predictive value = 61%, positive likelihood ratio = 1.53 and negative likelihood ratio = 0.65 for predicting lamivudine resistance, missing 39% of resistant patients. Using other serum ALT cutoffs, diagnostic accuracy was lower. By multivariate analysis, baseline abnormal serum ALT was associated with abnormal ALT during resistance (OR = 5.98, P = 0.003), and males were associated with serum ALT flares during resistance (OR = 8.9, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Serum ALT is inadequate for diagnosing lamivudine resistance and has implications where viral resistance testing is suboptimal and for reimbursement of rescue therapy.

关键词： Antiviral therapy Chronic hepatitis B Sensitivity Specificity YMDD mutants

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Risk factors for ribavirin treatment failure in Asian organ transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis E infection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第6期11卷 553-561页

作者： En Xian Sarah Low Edhel Tripon Kieron lim Poh seng Tan How Cheng Low Yock Young Dan Yin Mei Lee Mark Muthiah Wai Mun Loo Calvin Jianyi Koh Wah Wah Phyo JunXiong Pang seng Gee lim Guan-Huei Lee Department of Medicine Ng Teng Fong General HospitalNational University Health SystemSingapore 609606Singapore Centre for Liver Disease Management and Transplant of Medical City Manila 1605Philippines Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre Singapore 228510Singapore Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology National University Health SystemSingapore 119228Singapore Department of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research National University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus(HEV)infection is a cause of chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed *** virologic response rates to a 12-wk course of ribavirin therapy were reported to be>70%in the *** study describes the outcome of HEV treatment in a transplant center in *** To study the outcome of ribavirin treatment in a series of chronic HEV patients,and the cause of treatment *** We studied all of the transplant recipients who were diagnosed with HEV infection between 2012 to *** outcome of therapy and virologic relapse are monitored for three years after the end of *** Ten transplant recipients(4 liver,5 kidney,and 1 bone marrow transplantation)with positive HEV RNA were *** patients received at least 12 wk of ribavirin therapy,and the remaining patient resolved after reducing immunosuppression *** subjects had prolonged viremia that lasted more than one year,despite continuous ribavirin *** ribavirin-treated patients(44.4%)had HEV RNA relapse after achieving a virologic response by the end of *** overall failure rate is 66.7%.Being a kidney transplant recipient is the strongest risk factor for not achieving an initial sustained virologic response(0/5 treated,Chi-Square test,P<0.05).The most common side effect of ribavirin is anemia(100%)(haemoglobin reduction of 3-6.2 g/dL).Seven patients required either a blood transfusion or erythropoietin *** The sustained virologic response rate of 12-wk ribavirin therapy for HEV infection in this Asian series was lower than *** transplant recipients had a higher rate of treatment failure due to higher immunosuppression requirements and adverse effects.

关键词： Toxicity Antiviral agents Hepatitis E virus Virus classification Systemic immunity Immune responses Persistent infection

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Overview of multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence techniques in the era of cancer immunotherapy

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Cancer Communications 2020年第4期40卷 135-153页

作者： Wei Chang Colin Tan Sanjna Nilesh Nerurkar Hai Yun Cai Harry Ho Man Ng Duoduo Wu Yu Ting Felicia Wee Jeffrey Chun Tatt lim joe Yeong Tony Kiat Hon lim Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore169856Singapore Department of Anatomical Pathology Singapore General HospitalSingapore169856Singapore Institute of Molecular Cell Biology(IMCB) Agency of ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore169856Singapore Singapore Immunology Network Agency of Science(SIgN)Technology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore169856Singapore Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore169856Singapore

Conventional immunohistochemistry(IHC)is a widely used diagnostic technique in tissue ***,this technique is associated with a number of limitations,including high inter-observer variability and the capacity to label only one marker per tissue *** review details various highly multiplexed techniques that have emerged to circumvent these constraints,allowing simultaneous detection of multiple markers on a single tissue section and the comprehensive study of cell composition,cellular functional and cell-cell *** these techniques,multiplex Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence(mIHC/IF)has emerged to be particularly ***/IF provides high-throughput multiplex staining and standardized quantitative analysis for highly reproducible,efficient and cost-effective tissue *** technique has immediate potential for translational research and clinical practice,particularly in the era of cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry immunotherapy multiplex overview

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Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for colorectal polyps:A meta-analysis and metaregression with single arm analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第25期27卷 3925-3939页

作者： Xiong Chang lim Kameswara Rishi Yeshayahu Nistala Cheng Han Ng Snow Yunni Lin Darren Jun Hao Tan Khek-Yu Ho Choon-seng Chong Mark Muthiah Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Department of Medicine National University HospitalSingapore 119074Singapore Department of Surgery National University HospitalSingapore 119074Singapore

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)has shown to be effective in management of colorectal neoplasm in the Asian countries,while its implementation in Western countries where endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)is preferred is still *** To compare the surgical,histological,and oncological outcomes between ESD and EMR in the treatment of colorectal polyps,with subgroup analysis comparing the efficacy of ESD and EMR between Japan and the rest of the *** Embase and Medline databases were searched from inception to October 2020 in accordance with PRISMA guidelines for studies comparing en bloc,complete resection,margin involvement,resection time,need for additional surgery,complications,and recurrence rate of ESD with *** Of 281344 colorectal polyps from 21 studies were *** compared to EMR,the pooled analysis revealed ESD was associated with higher en bloc and complete resection rate,and lower lateral margin involvement and *** led to increased procedural time,need for additional surgery,and perforation *** significant difference in bleeding risk was found between the two ***-regression analysis suggested only right colonic polyps correlated with an increased perforation risk in *** including polyp size and invasion depth did not significantly influence the en bloc and complete resection rate,bleeding risk and *** subgroup analysis,Japan performed better than the rest of the world in both ESD and EMR with perforation risk of 4%and 0.0002%,respectively,as compared to perforation risk of 8%and 1%,respectively,in reports coming from rest of the *** ESD resulted in better resection outcomes and lower recurrence compared to *** appropriate training,ESD is preferred over EMR as the first-line therapy for resection of colorectal polyps,without restricting to lesions greater than 20 mm and those with high suspicion of submucosal invasion.

关键词： Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopy Colonic polyps Colorectal neoplasm Colonoscopy

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Up-regulation of micro RNA-210 inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting YES1

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第46期21卷 13030-13041页

作者： Weiqi Tan seng-Gee lim Theresa MC Tan Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore

AIM: To determine the expression of micro RNA-210(mi R-210) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and to examine its role using HCC ***: The expression of mi R-210 was determined in 21 pairs of HCC samples and the corresponding surrounding non-tumor tissues. The effects of mi R-210 on proliferation and cell cycle progression were examined using Hep G2 and Hu H7 cells. Overexpression and inhibition of mi R-210 was achieved by transfection of the cells with mi R-210 mimic or inhibitor. Luciferase reporter constructs were used to identify the mi R-210 interacting site on Yes1. Yes1 expression was examined after mi R-210 transfection,as well as in the HCC ***: mi R-210 was significantly up-regulated by 3.4 fold(P < 0.01) in the tumor samples. The over-expression of mi R-210 significantly reduced cell proliferation compared to the mock-treated cells(68.9% ± 7.4% and 53.6% ± 5.0%,P < 0.05 for the Hep G2 and Hu H7 cells respectively). Analysis of the Hu H7 cells transfected with mi R-210 mimic by flow cytometry showed that the cells took a longer time to reach the G2/M phase. The interaction between mi R-210 and the 3'UTR of the Yes1 transcript was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. Over-expression of mi R-210 reduced the expression of Yes1 protein in both Hu H7 and Hep G2 cells. Tumors with a greater than fourfold increase in the expression of mi R-210 showed consistently lower expressions of Yes1 in the *** nocodazole-treated cells with a significant G2/M cell population,Yes1 protein was significantly reduced and pre-inhibition of mi R-210 in Hu H7 cells was able to prevent the reduction of Yes1 protein expression. Knock-down of Yes1 by si RNA also led to reduced cell proliferation(70.8% ± 7.5%,P < 0.05 in the Hu H7 cells).CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of mi R-210 inhibits cell proliferation. Yes1 is a target of mi R-210 and affects cell proliferation in HCC.

关键词： Micro RNA-210 Hepatocellular carcinoma Proliferati

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Mpulse Breakdown Strength of Nano-ZnO/XLPE Nanocomposite Material on Temperature Rise

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2013年第1期3卷 28-29页

作者： Min-Hae Park Kee-joe lim Department of Electrical Engineering Chungbuk National University Cheongju Republic of Korea

Development of new materials using composite materials has been much interest. XLPE is a kind of power cable in high voltage insulation. Recently research for cable insulating material has shown that nano-size filler added to XLPE is electrically and physically stable. In this paper, Impulse strength was measured in XLPE that composite by adding na-no-ZnO with different mass proportions. There is positive and negative impulse voltage. However, there is no differ-ence between them on the film specimen. Therefore we tested only positive voltage. In order to understand temperature properties of XLPE nanocomposite sample, experiment of impulse breakdown strength were measured at room temper-ature and maximum allowable temperature (90℃). From this result, it can be considered that the breakdown strength of addition of

关键词： XLPE Nano Composite Nano-ZnO Impulse Breakdown Strength

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Risk Management of Clinical Reference Dosimetry of a Large Hospital Network Using Statistical Process Control

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2021年第3期10卷 119-131页

作者： seng-Boh lim Thomas LoSasso Maria Chan Laura Cervino Dale Michael Lovelock Department of Medical Physics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York USA

Managing TG-51 reference dosimetry in a large hospital network can be a challenging task. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effectiveness of using Statistical Process Control (SPC) to manage TG-51 workflow in such a network. All the sites in the network performed the annual reference dosimetry in water according to TG-51. These data were used to cross-calibrate the same ion chambers in plastic phantoms for monthly QA output measurements. An energy-specific dimensionless beam quality cross-calibration factor, , was derived to monitor the process across multiple sites. The SPC analysis was then performed to obtain the mean, , standard deviation, σk, the Upper Control limit (UCL) and Lower Control limit (LCL) in each beam. This process was first applied to 15 years of historical data at the main campus to assess the effectiveness of the process. A two-year prospective study including all 30 linear accelerators spread over the main campus and seven satellites in the network followed. The ranges of the control limits (±3σ) were found to be in the range of 1.7% - 2.6% and 3.3% - 4.2% for the main campus and the satellite sites respectively. The wider range in the satellite sites was attributed to variations in the workflow. Standardization of workflow was also found to be effective in narrowing the control limits. The SPC is effective in identifying variations in the workflow and was shown to be an effective tool in managing large network reference dosimetry.

关键词： TG-51 Dosimetry Process Control Risk Management Large Hospital Network

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