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Evaluation of Inherited Resistance Genes of Bacterial Leaf Blight, Blast and Drought Tolerance in Improved Rice Lines

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Rice science 2021年第3期28卷 279-288页

作者： Ibrahim Silas AKOS Mohd Y.RAFII Mohd Razi ISMAIL Shairul Izan RAMLEE Noraziyah Abd Aziz SHAMSUDIN Asfaliza RAMLI Samuel Chibuike CHUKWU senesie swaray Momodu JALLOH Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400SelangorMalaysia Department of Crop Science Faculty of AgricultureKaduna State University801 KafanchanKaduna 801139Nigeria Department of Crop Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400SelangorMalaysia School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600SelangorMalaysia Rice Research Centre Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development InstituteSerdang 43400SelangorMalaysia

Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance to bacterial leaf blight,blast and drought stress,respectively,using single-,double-and three-way *** improved lines were assessed for agro-morphological and yield traits under non-drought stress(NS)and reproductive-stage drought stress(RS)*** mean comparison of traits measured between parent plants and progenies(improved lines)were similar,and there were significant and non-significant differences among the parents and improved lines(genotypes)under NS and ***,there was significant and non-significant differences in the interaction among both parent varieties and improved lines for NS and *** and 3D-model of principal component analysis did not generate categorical clusters according to crossing methods,and there were no exclusive crossing method inclined variations under the *** improved lines were high-yielding,disease resistant,and drought-tolerant compared with their *** the crossing methods were good for this crop improvement program without preference to any,despite the number of genes introgressed.

关键词： rice bacteria leaf blight blast drought tolerance resistance gene

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Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide among senior high school students in Ghana:Evidence from the WHO Global School-Based Student Health Survey,2012

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General Psychiatry 2020年第6期33卷 390-399页

作者： John Tetteh George Ekem-Ferguson Swithin Mustapha swaray Nuworza Kugbey Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie Alfred Edwin Yawson Department of Community Health University of Ghana Medical SchoolCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Department of Psychiatry Korle Bu Teaching HospitalAccraGreater AccraGhana National Cardiothoracic Centre Korle Bu Teaching HospitalAccraGreater AccraGhana Department of Family and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHohoeVolta RegionGhana Department of Psychology School of Social SciencesUniversity of Ghana College of HumanitiesAccraGreater AccraGhana

Background The association between substance use including marijuana use and attempted suicide has been well ***,little is known about marijuana use and its association with attempted suicide repetition among young people in low-income and middle-income *** This analysis was conducted to assess the factors associated with marijuana use and ascertain marijuana use as a determinant of repeated attempted suicide among senior high school(SHS)students in *** Data from the 2012 Global School-Based Student Health Survey in Ghana was used for this *** Poisson,Logistic and Probit models weighted with Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity calliper were employed separately to determine the hypothetical association between marijuana use and repeated attempted *** analysis was performed using Stata 16 and p<0.05 was deemed statistically *** The prevalence estimates of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in Ghana were 3.4%(95%Cl:2.3 to 5.1)and 11.5%(95%Cl:9.1 to 14.4),*** prevalence of marijuana use was significantly associated with school grade,smoking exposure,parent smoker,alcohol intake and *** use was positively associated with repeated attempted suicide among SHS in Ghana correlation=0.23,p<*** attempted suicide among students who use marijuana was approximately threefold and fivefold significant compared with nonmarijuana use students,based on the Poisson(adjusted prevalence ratio:3.02;95%Cl:1.67 to 5.43,p<0.001)and Logistic(adjusted OR:5.06;95%Cl:3.19 to 11.64,p<0.001)estimates ***,the Probit model showed that marijuana use significantly increased the log count of repeated attempted suicide by 95%(ap:0.95;95%CI:0.49 to 1.41,p<0.001).Conclusion Marijuana use does not only influence the onset of suicidal attempts but also repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in *** attention is required for suicide

关键词： repetition smoke attempted

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Evaluating Drinking Water Treatment Methods in the Njala University and Neighboring Mokonde Communities in Southern Sierra Leone

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Natural Resources 2021年第8期12卷 257-270页

作者： Abdulai Barrie Abubakarr swaray Mariatu Barrie Joe Beah Environmental and Social Management Specialist Research for Evidence-Based and Achievable Decisions Freetown Sierra Leone (READ-SL)

Rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are always faced with the challenge of securing safe water for beneficial uses. Most communities lack a centralized water supply system and, thus, each residence utilizes the treatment method that they can afford. This study evaluated three treatment methods for drinking water in the Njala University and Mokonde communities in southern Sierra Leone. In the perceived natural treatment, residents in the Mokonde community believe that groundwater has been purified by the soil media and, hence, does not require further treatment. In the conventional treatment, the Njala University Water Works use sand filtration and chlorine disinfection to treat water from the Taia River. The third treatment method, first flush diversion, was introduced by Njala University researchers in 2014. We studied the populations of coliform bacteria and E. coli in untreated and treated water samples to determine if each of the treatment methods supported the beneficial use of drinking. This study concludes that the natural filtration does not remove pathogens in the well water. Even though the first flush and conventional treatments were efficient in reducing microbial populations in the water, the World Health Organization’s 100% removal guideline was not achieved most of the time. Therefore, all three treatment methods did not support the beneficial use of drinking. Further treatment was needed to render the water potable.

关键词： Perceived Natural Treatment Conventional Treatment First Flush Diversion Total Coliform Fecal Coliform E. coli Beneficial Use

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联合国在非洲国家战后和平倡议中的作用——利比里亚与苏丹的比较研究

联合国在非洲国家战后和平倡议中的作用——利比里亚与苏丹的比较...

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作者： Alieu B.swaray 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

由于非洲大陆国家独立后的统治方式以及冷战失败，国际舞台上出现了许多非洲国家内部矛盾冲突问题，并且见证了对人性尊严令人发指的凌辱，见证了权力、种族和宗教统治、文化统治之下人命如同草芥，也见证了财富之争。尽管国际调解团体... 详细信息

由于非洲大陆国家独立后的统治方式以及冷战失败，国际舞台上出现了许多非洲国家内部矛盾冲突问题，并且见证了对人性尊严令人发指的凌辱，见证了权力、种族和宗教统治、文化统治之下人命如同草芥，也见证了财富之争。尽管国际调解团体、外国政府、国际组织和捐助机构为了改善非洲的状况以及为了给非洲人民带来永久和平做出了不懈努力，“乌云”却仍然密布在非洲大陆上空并发出鸣响，即便不是震天动地，也是愈发鼓噪。由于利比里亚和苏丹不利的自然、资源和人力资源条件，在这两个非洲大陆国家产生的内部冲突矛盾正犹如骇人听闻的噩梦，同时伴随着对这两个国家的邻国在政治、种族、宗教以及财富积累方面的严重影响。尽管在两个国家发生的冲突堪称史无前例，而且联合国和国际社会在初期发挥了一定的干预作用，但最终形势却还是每况愈下。尽管随后联合国以干预形态出现，试图结束冲突并保障和平，但是人们更多地认为联合国出现在许多人民已经在痛苦挣扎中饱受伤害，付出不必要的生命的代价之后，可谓为时晚矣。本文主要研究联合国在利比里亚和苏丹在经历数十年的血腥内战后的和平倡议中发挥的作用，并试图明确联合国干预行动的影响，以及联合国在非洲社会冲突后再发防止对策方面做出的努力。在国内冲突形势最严峻时期，累累的人权侵犯行为屡次挑战国际人道主义极限。同时，也体现了为拯救那些在致命的政治、种族、宗教、经济祸根中挣扎着，企图镇压当时局势、饱受人类威胁的无辜生命，援助势在必行。本文希望通过研究，进一步揭示为什么在这片大陆上，非洲的冲突在联合国的倡议之下，却持续酝酿而且愈演愈烈。在本文讨论的另一个方面中，我们同时认为联合国就上文提及的冲突所执行的干预行动并无实质性进展，无法保证在非洲不再爆发此类冲突。在这片非洲大陆上，联合国所采取的解决冲突的方法并没有涉及到冲突发生的本质和问题的根基。这意味着，由于组织的政治观念倾向，导致了核心问题——冲突发生的温床被忽视，致使未来混沌状态的重演。在此我们必须强调，在这片非洲大陆上，利比里亚和苏丹发生的内部冲突并非第一次见证联合国采取干预行动，试图寻求一个方法防止这些根深蒂固的矛盾冲突爆发。联合国曾在以往爆发的冲突中，采取相似的冲突消解策略，但在未来混乱的再发防止方面并无任何实质进展。因此，我认为有必要去另辟蹊径，来为非洲大陆的人民带来一些慰藉。而且，本文强调了联合国和平倡议的一部分在改革中起到的作用，同时也分析表明这些改革运动是不足以在预防未来冲突方面有实质进展的。尽管我们得到暂时的和平，但是不断地认真思考并纠正这些国家陷入混沌的罪恶之源，将有助于我们巩固和平，并加深这些受冲突影响国家的人民对和谐的理解。

关键词：联合国使团利比里亚苏丹和平倡议

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Marijuana use and suicidal behaviours among school-going adolescents in Africa:assessments of prevalence and risk factors from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey

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General Psychiatry 2021年第4期34卷 32-43,I0010-I0013页

作者： John Tetteh George Ekem-Ferguson Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie Swithin Mustapha swaray Martin Amogre Ayanore Nana Ayegua Hagan Seneadza Kwaku Oppong Asante Alfred Edwin Yawson Community Health University of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana Department of Psychiatry Korle Bu Teaching HospitalAccraGhana Department of Psychology School of Social SciencesUniversity of Ghana College of HumanitiesAccraGhana National Cardiothoracic Centre Korle Bu Teaching HospitalAccraGhana Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences School of Public HealthHohoeGhana

Background Marijuana use among adolescents,including high school students,has been consistently reported to be associated with a high incidence of suicidal *** empirical research has been conducted on the propensity impact of marijuana use on suicidal behaviours in *** To assess factors associated with marijuana use and further quantify marijuana use as an associated factor of suicidal behaviours,including repeated attempted suicide,suicidal ideation and suicide planning,among high school students in *** A cross-sectional study was conducted among 32802 school-going adolescents using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from 10 African countries grouped into West Africa,North Africa,South-East Africa,South Africa and East Africa *** use and repeated attempted suicide were the main outcome *** employed double selection least absolute shrinkage and selection operator poisson regression model to assess risk factors associated with marijuana use and dominance analysis to establish ranked important and common risk *** probability weighting poisson regression adjustment was applied to assess *** The prevalence of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were 3.7%(95%CI:3.1 to 4.3)and 6.6%(95%CI:5.9 to 7.4),*** most important risk factor for marijuana use generally across the countries and specifically in three subregions was alcohol consumption,which constituted approximately 40%of the *** average treatment effect on the treated(ATT)indicated that marijuana use significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation,suicide planning and repeated attempted suicide by 12%(ATT=0.12(95%CI:0.02 to 0.22)),18%(ATT=0.18(95%CI:0.13 to 0.22))and 31%(ATT=0.31(95%CI:0.20 to 0.41)),*** Marijuana use was significantly associated with suicidal behaviours(suicidal ideation,planning and repeated attempted suicide)among the *** achieve Sustainab

关键词： among translate attempted

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