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Reconstruction of Cherenkov image bymultiple telescopes of LHAASO-WFCTA

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第4期6卷 544-557页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi J.T.Cai Zhe Cao Zhen Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang E.S.Chen Liang Chen Liang Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen Y.Chen H.L.Cheng N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu Ddella Volpe K.K.Duan J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao L.Q.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang X.Y.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang T.Ke D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li Cheng Li Cong Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li WLLi XRLi Xin Li Xin Li YZLi Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu Q.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri Y.C.Nan Z.W.Ou B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi Y.Q.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz C.Y.Shao L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.Y.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.xue D.H.Yan J.Z.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang H.W.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.Yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang L.X.Zhang Li Zhang Lu Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.B.Zhang S.R.Zhang S. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universitàdi Napoli“Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelovia Cinthia80126 NapoliItaly School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève

Introduction One of main scientiﬁc goals of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)is to accurately measure the energy spectra of different cosmic ray compositions around the‘knee’region.The Wide Field-of-View(FoV)Cherenkov Telescope Array(WFCTA),which is one of the main detectors of LHAASO and has 18 telescopes,is built to achieve this goal.Multiple telescopes are put together and point to connected directions for a larger FoV.Method Telescopes are deployed spatially as close as possible,but due to their own size,the distance between two adjacent telescopes is about 10 m.Therefore,the Cherenkov lateral distribution and the parallax between the two telescopes should be considered in the event building process for images crossing over the boundaries of FoVs of the telescopes.An event building method for Cherenkov images measured by multiple telescopes of WFCTA is developed.The performance of the shower measurements using the combined images is evaluated by comparing with showers that are fully contained by a virtual telescope in simulation.Results and conclusion It is proved that the developed event building process can help to increase the FoV of WFCTA by 30%while maintaining the same reconstruction quality,compared to the separate telescope reconstruction method.

关键词： method directions conclusion

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论“植物医学”学科与专业的建设

植物医生 2021年第3期34卷 1-6页

作者：刘同先丁伟沈佐锐杨忠岐许永玉李洪连原雪峰马德英文才艺董金皋刘芳邱宝利王源超张正光黄丽丽黄国华操海群潘月敏韩强黄金光刘会香刘怀侯有明王宗华刘长仲缪卫国刘国坤郭永霞罗朝喜梁广文曾玲李华平顾爱星左豫虎李向东张大羽吴元华段玉玺尹建潘洪玉钟国华张跃进赵中华陈根强林晓民张友军万方浩高希武李世东褚栋赵洪海梁文星王森山张世泽李俊凯谭辉华王文明周洪友赵思峰王兰芦光新崔汝强李会平尚巧霞赵晓燕青岛农业大学植物医学学院山东青岛266109 西南大学植物保护学院重庆400715 中国农业大学植物保护学院北京100193 中国林业科学院北京100091 山东农业大学植物保护学院山东泰安271001 河南农业大学植物保护学院郑州450002 新疆农业大学农学院乌鲁木齐830052 河北农业大学植物保护学院河北保定071001 扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院江苏扬州225009 华南农业大学植物保护学院广州510642 南京农业大学植物保护学院南京210014 西北农林科技大学植物保护学院陕西杨凌712100 湖南农业大学植物保护学院长沙410128 安徽农业大学植物保护学院合肥230036 福建农林大学植物保护学院福州350002 甘肃农业大学植物保护学院兰州730070 海南大学植物保护学院海口570228 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院黑龙江大庆163319 华中农业大学植物科技学院武汉430070 浙江农林大学农学院杭州311300 沈阳农业大学植物保护学院沈阳110161 信阳农林学院农学院河南信阳464006 吉林大学植物科技学院长春130012 全国农业技术推广服务中心北京100026 河南科技大学园艺与植保学院河南洛阳471023 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所北京100081 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所北京100193 长江大学农学院湖北荆州434020 广西大学农学院南宁530004 四川农业大学农学院四川雅安625014 内蒙古农业大学园艺与植保学院呼和浩特010018 石河子大学农学院新疆石河子832003 塔里木大学植物科学学院新疆阿拉尔843300 青海大学农牧学院西宁810016 江西农业大学农学院南昌330045 河北农业大学林学院河北保定071001 北京农学院生物与资源环境学院北京102206

1952年以前我国涉农高校设有植物病理学、昆虫学学科与专业,没有“植物保护”这一名称.在1952年全国高校院系调整时,因学习和借鉴原苏联的教育体系而引入并设立“植物保护”学科与专业.目前我国至少有62所高校设有“植物保护”学科和本... 详细信息

1952年以前我国涉农高校设有植物病理学、昆虫学学科与专业,没有“植物保护”这一名称.在1952年全国高校院系调整时,因学习和借鉴原苏联的教育体系而引入并设立“植物保护”学科与专业.目前我国至少有62所高校设有“植物保护”学科和本、专科专业.无论从专业名称、专业侧重或专业理念上看,“植物保护”都远远不能满足新农科背景下学科专业建设和高素质人才培养及“三农”发展的需求.在原植物保护学科的基础上,升级建设“植物医学”学科,与人医学、兽医学一起构建人类健康和食物安全的三大支柱和生态命运共同体是新时期赋予医学人员的使命.“植物医学”名称自明,理念新颖;基础植物医学探讨植物与害源的关系;实用植物医学倡导以植物健康为核心的“治未病”.本文通过分析我国高校植物保护学科与专业发展中存在的问题,呼吁在原“植物保护”学科与专业的基础上,建立“植物医学”一级学科与相关专业,逐步完善科学的高素质植物医学人才培养体系,建设新农科和深入贯彻落实习近平总书记给全国涉农高校书记校长和专家代表重要回信精神,以新农科建设为统领,推进高等农林教育创新发展,培养出更多学农、知农、爱农的新型人才.

关键词：植物医学植物保护学科发展新农科

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新型冠状病毒患者标本采集技术专家共识

护士进修杂志 2020年第12期35卷 1124-1128页

作者：米元元黄海燕朱丽群张淑梅燕朋波张小红郑兰平王营营龚贝贝顾苏王莹吴晓英付小霞刘转巧高漫白广红包磊张艳红柳怡赵鸽子李文晓陆箴琦吴赞芳韦彩云孙雯敏蔡喆燚陈玉英金歌孙亮庄若曹松梅吴艳陈秋菊韩瑜马雪无华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院重症医学科湖北武汉430022 江苏大学附属医院江苏镇江212001 河南科技大学第一附属医院重症医学科河南洛阳471000 天津市医院天津北辰300400 湖北文理学院附属医院/襄阳市中心医院湖北襄阳441000 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院护理部复旦大学上海医学院肿瘤学系上海200032 皖南医学院弋矶山医院急诊科安徽芜湖241000 广西南宁市第四人民医院广西南宁530023 江苏省盐城市第一人民医院江苏盐城224300 天津市第一中心医院天津300100 北京大学人民医院北京100044 河南省洛阳市第三人民医院河南洛阳471002 陕西省结核病防治院陕西西安710100 湖南中医药大学第一附属医院重症医学科湖南长沙410000 中山大学附属第一医院广东广州510080 郑州大学第一附属医院重症医学科河南郑州450052 湖北医药学院附属人民医院湖北十堰442000 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第904医院江苏无锡214044 南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院江苏南京210008 山东省立医院山东济南250021 陆军军医大学大坪医院重庆400042 中华护理学会重症护理专业委员会

标本采集在促进临床诊断新型冠状病毒感染中发挥着重要的角色。为规范临床医务人员进行新冠肺炎患者标本采集技术行为,减少医务人员职业暴露,提高送检标本的合格率和标本质量,笔者团队严格按专家共识制订规范要求,完成文献检索、文献评... 详细信息

标本采集在促进临床诊断新型冠状病毒感染中发挥着重要的角色。为规范临床医务人员进行新冠肺炎患者标本采集技术行为,减少医务人员职业暴露,提高送检标本的合格率和标本质量,笔者团队严格按专家共识制订规范要求,完成文献检索、文献评价及总结和两轮专家函询会,最终形成了《新冠肺炎患者标本采集技术专家共识》,并顺利通过中华护理学会团体标准委员会的审核。本共识提出了新冠肺炎患者标本采集技术的适用范围、术语和定义、缩略语、标本采集基本要求、操作程序、及标本采集期间意外事件的应急处理,供临床参考。

关键词：冠状病毒感染新型冠状病毒肺炎标本采集专家共识

Search for electron-antineutrinos associated with gravitational-wave events GW150914,GW151012,GW151226,GW170104,GW170608,GW170814,and GW170817 at Daya Bay

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第5期45卷 190-201页

作者： F.P.An A.B.Balantekin H.R.Band M.Bishai S.Blyth G.F.Cao J.Cao J.F.Chang Y.Chang H.S.Chen S.M.Chen Y.Chen Y.X.Chen J.Cheng Z.K.Cheng J.J.Cherwinka M.C.Chu J.P.Cummings O.Dalager F.S.Deng Y.Y.Ding M.V.Diwan T.Dohnal J.Dove M.Dvorak D.A.Dwyer J.P.Gallo M.Gonchar G.H.Gong H.Gong W.Q.Gu J.Y.Guo L.Guo X.H.Guo Y.H.Guo Z.Guo R.W.Hackenburg S.Hans M.He K.M.Heeger Y.K.Heng A.Higuera Y.K.Hor Y.B.Hsiung B.Z.Hu J.R.Hu T.Hu Z.J.Hu H.X.Huang X.T.Huang Y.B.Huang P.Huber D.E.Jaffe K.L.Jen X.L.Ji X.P.Ji R.A.Johnson D.Jones L.Kang S.H.Kettell S.Kohn M.Kramer T.J.Langford J.Lee J.H.C.Lee R.T.Lei R.Leitner J.K.C.Leung F.Li J.J.Li Q.J.Li S.Li S.C.Li W.D.Li X.N.Li X.Q.Li Y.F.Li Z.B.Li H.Liang C.J.Lin G.L.Lin S.Lin J.J.Ling J.M.Link L.Littenberg B.R.Littlejohn J.C.Liu J.L.Liu C.Lu H.Q.Lu J.S.Lu K.B.Luk X.B.Ma X.Y.Ma Y.Q.Ma C.Marshall D.A.Martinez Caicedo K.T.MeDonald R.D.McKeown Y.Meng J.Napolitano D.Naumov E.Naumova J.P.Ochoa-Ricoux A.OIshevskiy H.-R.Pan J.Park S.Patton J.C.Peng C.S.J.Pun F.Z.Qi M.Qi X.Qian N.Raper J.Ren C.Morales Reveco R.Rosero B.Roskovec X.C.Ruan H.Steiner J.L.Sun T.Tmej K.Treskov W.-H.Tse C.E.Tull B.Viren V.Vorobel C.H.Wang J.Wang M.Wang N.Y.Wang R.G.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.Wang Y.Wang Y.F.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.M.Wang H.Y.Wei L.H.Wei L.J.Wen K.Whisnant C.G.White H.L.H.Wong E.Worcester D.R.Wu F.L.Wu Q.Wu W.J.Wu D.M.Xia Z.Q.Xie Z.Z.Xing J.L.Xu T.Xu T.xue C.G.Yang L.Yang Y.Z.Yang H.F.Yao M.Ye M.Yeh B.L.Young H.Z.Yu Z.Y.Yu B.B.Yue S.Zeng Y.Zeng L.Zhan C.Zhang F.Y.Zhang H.H.Zhang J.W.Zhang Q.M.Zhang X.T.Zhang Y.M.Zhang Y.X.Zhang Y.Y.Zhang Z.J.Zhang Z.P.Zhang Z.Y.Zhang J.Zhao L.Zhou H.L.Zhuang J.H.Zou Instiute of Modern Physics East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237 University of Wisconsin MadisonWisconsin 53706 Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut 06520 Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973 Department of Physics National Taiwan UniversityTaipei Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049 National United University Miao-Li Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBejing 100084 Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 Sun Yat-sen(Zhongshan)University Guangzhou North China Electric Power University Bejjing 102206 Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 Siena College LoudonvilleNew York 12211 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliformia 92697 University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsPrague Department of Physics University of llinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIlinois 61801 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Department of Physics Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIllinois 60616 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research DubnaMoscow Region Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 Department of Nuclear Science and Technology School of Energy and Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049 Department of Physics University of HoustonHoustonTexas 77204 China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 Shandong University Jinan 250100 Guangxi University Nanning 530004 Center for Neutrino Physics Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia 24061 Institute of Physics National Chiao-Tung UniversityHsinchu Department of Physics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio 45221 Department of Physies Collge of Science and TechnologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19122 Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 Department of Physics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Department of Physics The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong 999077 School

The establishment of a possible connection between neutrino emission and gravitational-wave(GW)bursts is important to our understanding of the physical processes that occur when black holes or neutron stars merge.In the Daya Bay experiment,using the data collected from December 2011 to August 2017,a search was per-formed for electron-antineutrino signals that coincided with detected GW events,including GW150914,GW151012,GW151226,GW170104,GW170608,GW 170814,and GW 170817.We used three time windows of±10,±500,and±1000 s relative to the occurrence of the GW events and a neutrino energy range of 1.8 to 100 MeV to search for correlated neutrino candidates.The detected electron-antineutrino candidates were consistent with the expected background rates for all the three time windows.Assuming monochromatic spectra,we found upper limits(90%confidence level)of the electron-antineutrino fluence of(1.13-2.44)×10^(11)cm^(-2)at 5 MeV to 8.0×10^(7)cm^(-2)at 100 MeV for the three time w indows.Under the assumption of a Fermi-Dirac spectrum,the upper limits were found to be(5.4-7.0)×10^(9)cm^(2)for the three time windows.

关键词： grav itational waves electron-antineutrinos fluence upper limit

ABO血型不相容亲属活体肾移植的多中心研究

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中华器官移植杂志 2020年第5期41卷 259-264页

作者：蒋鸿涛李涛任坤于小华王毅张善斌李德胜甘惠玲刘厚琴徐亮罗志刚桂培根谭湘芳石炳毅蔡明李响徐俊楠许亮林涛王显丁刘洪涛张乐希吴建永雷文华邱江陈国栋李军黄刚吴成林王长希陈立中陈正方佳丽张晓明门同义李现铎莫春柏王振史晓峰裴广辉涂金鹏胡小鹏张晓东李宁石韶华陈花王振兴眭维国李盈晏强陈怀周赖柳生李金锋尚文俊丰贵文陈刚曾凡军朱兰方军戎瑞明王宣传戚贵生王强田普训李杨田晓辉项和立潘晓鸣丁小明薛武军文吉秋徐小松海南医学院第二附属医院海口570311 南华大学附属第二医院湖南衡阳421001 中国人民解放军总院第八医学中心北京100036 四川大学华西医学中心成都610041 安徽省立医院合肥230001 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院杭州310003 中山大学附属第一医院广州510080 广州医科大学附属第二医院 510245 山东省千佛山医院济南250014 天津市第一中心医院 300192 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 100020 山西省第二人民医院大原030012 山西白求恩医院太原030032 解放军第一八一医院桂林541002 郑州大学第一附属医院郑州450052 华中科技大学同济医学院同济医院武汉430030 复旦大学附属中山医院上海200032 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院 100050 西安交通大学附属第一医院西安710061 中国人民解放军东部战区总医院南京210002 陆军军医大学附属第一医院重庆400038

目的总结19家移植中心已开展ABO血型不相容亲属活体肾移植(ABOi-KT)的临床效果,为临床开展ABOi-KT提供可借鉴经验。方法收集2006年12月至2019年12月各中心已开展ABOi-KT和同期ABO血型相容亲属活体肾移植(ABOc-KT)的临床资料,从组织配型... 详细信息

目的总结19家移植中心已开展ABO血型不相容亲属活体肾移植(ABOi-KT)的临床效果,为临床开展ABOi-KT提供可借鉴经验。方法收集2006年12月至2019年12月各中心已开展ABOi-KT和同期ABO血型相容亲属活体肾移植(ABOc-KT)的临床资料,从组织配型、术前处理方案、术后并发症、移植物及受者存活率方面进行统计分析,评估国内现阶段ABOi-KT的效果。结果342例ABOi组和779例ABOc组供、受者相比,(1)年龄、体重指数、供受者关系及术前透析等待时间等没有显著差别;(2)ABO血型:各移植中心O型受者等待名单最长,实施O型受者ABOi-KT,特别是A型给O型的比例最高;(3)HLA配型:两种手术在错配率、群体反应性抗体(PRA)I类、PARⅡ类的阳性率无明显差异;(4)术前抗CD20单抗的使用根据不同时期应用方案不同;(5)外科并发症:开展ABOi-KT的早期以出血最为常见,现阶段可见血管内微血栓形成,与ABOc-KT相比,并发症发生率并无显著性差异;(6)术后1、3、5、10年移植肾存活率和受者存活率均较高,1年内急性排斥反应(AR)发生率和血肌酐水平较低,与ABOc-KT相当。结论ABOi-KT技术成熟、安全有效,各移植中心可根据需要开展。

关键词：肾移植 ABO血型不相容预后

Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A−a performance study

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第2期45卷 518-530页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai D.della Volpe B.D'Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou X.X.Zhou C.G.Zhu F.R.Zhu H.Zhu K.J.Zhu X.Zuo Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences100049 BeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China 230026 HefeiAnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences100190 BeijingChina School of Physics Peking University100871 BeijingChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University510006 GuangzhouGuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen University519000 ZhuhaiGuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University530004 NanningGuangxiChina Hebei Normal University 050024 ShijiazhuangHebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University450001 ZhengzhouHenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University266237 QingdaoShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences200030 ShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University200240 ShanghaiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University610031 ChengduSichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan University610065 ChengduSichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of Education850000 LhasaTibetChina School of Physics and Tec

A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 TeV.Even though the detector construction is still underway,half of the KM2A array has been operating stably since the end of 2019.In this paper,we present the KM2A data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula,a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray astronomy.We detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10-100 TeV and>100 TeV with high significance,by analyzing the KM2A data of 136 live days between December 2019 and May 2020.With the observations,we test the detector performance,including angular resolution,pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection power.The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-250 TeV fits well with a single power-law function dN/dE=(1.13±0.05stat±0.08sys)×10^(-14).(E/20 TeV)-309±0.06stat±0.02syscm^(-2) s^(-1) TeV^(-1).It is consistent with previous measurements by other experiments.This opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena,such as cosmic PeVatrons,might be discovered.

关键词： γ-ray Crab Nebula extensive air showers cosmic rays

Geometrical reconstruction of fluorescence events observed by the LHAASO experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第4期45卷 416-425页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.DEtorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang J.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y..Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Saiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.F.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Paricle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China HefeiAnhui 230026China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519000China School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanningGuangxi 530004China Hebei Normal University ShijiazhuangHebei 050024China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingJiangsu 210023China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdaoShandong 266237China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduSichuan 610031China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasaTibet 850000China School of physics and technology Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072Ch

The LHAASO-WFCTA experiment,which aims to observe cosmic rays in the sub-EeV range using the fluorescence technique,uses a new generation of high-performance telescopes.To ensure that the experiment has ex-cellent detection capability associated with the measurement of the energy spectrum,the primary composition of cosmic rays,and so on,an accurate geometrical reconstruction of air-shower events is fundamental.This paper de-scribes the development and testing of geometrical reconstruction for stereo viewed events using the WFCTA(Wide Field of view Cherenkov/Fluorescence Telescope Array)detectors.Two approaches,which take full advantage ofthe WFCTA detectors.are investigated.One is the stereo-angular method,which uses the pointing of triggered SiPMs in the shower trajectory,and the other is the stereo-timing method,which uses the triggering time of the fired SiPMs.The results show that both methods have good geometrical resolution:the resolution of the stereo-timing method is slightly better than the stereo-angular method because the resolution of the latter is slightly limited by the shower track length.

关键词： cosmic ray fluorescence telescope stereo observation geometrical reconstruction

Line-of-shower trigger method to lower energy threshold for GRB detection using LHAASO-WCDA

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 531-541页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chan B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Chen Y.D.Chen S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Don J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fan C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Fen Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Gen G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huan W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Shen J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wan C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wan R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wan X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wan Y.J.Wan Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yan R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhan X.Zhang X.P.Zhan Y.Zhan Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhan B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou X.X.Zhou C.G. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina School of Physic

Purpose Observation of high energy and very high emission from Gamma Ray Bursts(GRBs)is crucial to study the gigantic explosion and the underline processes.With a large field-of-view and almost full duty cycle,the Water Cherenkov Detector Array(WCDA),a sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),is appropriate to monitor the very high energy emission from unpredictable transients such as GRBs.Method Nevertheless,the main issue for an extensive air shower array is the high energy threshold which limits the horizon of the detector.To address this issue a new trigger method is developed in this article to lower the energy threshold of WCDA for GRB observation.Result The proposed method significantly improves the detection efficiency of WCDA for gamma-rays around the GRB direction at 10-300 GeV.The sensitivity of the WCDA for GRB detection with the new trigger method is estimated.The achieved sensitivity of the quarter WCDA array above 10 GeV is comparable with that of Fermi-LAT.The data analysis process and corresponding fluence upper limit for GRB 190719C is presented as an example.

关键词： LHAASO WCDA GRB

A dynamic range extension system for LHAASOWCDA-1

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 520-530页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina School of Physics

Purpose The main scientific goal of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey gamma-ray sources with energy from 100 GeV to 30 TeV.To observe high-energy shower events,especially to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic rays from 100 TeV to 10 PeV,a dynamic range extension system(WCDA++)is designed to use a 1.5-inch PMT with a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude for each cell in WCDA-1.Method The dynamic range is extended by using these PMTs to measure the effective charge density in the core region of air shower events,which is an important parameter for identifying the composition of primary particles.Result and Conclusion The system has been running for more than one year.In this paper,the details of the design and performance of WCDA++are presented.

关键词： LHAASO-WCDA WCDA++ Water Cherenkov detector Performance