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Morpho-Physiological,Biochemical and Molecular Adaptation of Millets to Abiotic Stresses:A Review

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第5期90卷 1363-1385页

作者： seerat saleem Naveed Ul Mushtaq Wasifa Hafiz Shah Aadil Rasool Khalid Rehman Hakeem Reiaz Ul Rehman Department of Bioresources School of Biological SciencesUniversity of KashmirSrinagar190006India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Abiotic stresses such as drought,heat,cold,nutrient deficiency,excess salt and hazardous metals can hamper plantgrowth and *** agriculture of only a few major staple food crops that are sensitive and intolerant to environmental stresses has led to an agrarian *** the other hand,nutritionally rich,gluten free and stress tolerant plants like millets are neglected and *** sustain about one-third of the world’s population and show exceptional tolerance to various abiotic and biotic *** are C4 plants that are adapted to marginal and dry lands of arid and semi-arid regions,and survive low rainfall and poor *** stresses significantly affect plant growth which ultimately results in reduced crop ***,various adaptation mechanisms have evolved in millets to withstand different *** review aims at exploring various of these morphophysiological,biochemical and molecular aspects of mechanisms in *** adaptations include short life span,smallplant height and leaf area,dense root system,adjusted flowering time,increased root and decreased shoot lengths,high tillering,and leaf folding.A high accumulation of various osmoprotectants(proline,soluble sugars,proteins)improves hyperosmolarity and enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes(e.g.,Ascorbate peroxidase,Superoxide dismutase,Catalase,Peroxidase)providing defense against oxidative ***,plants show low photosynthetic and stomatal conductance rates,and root respiration which help them to escape from water *** adaptations include the upregulation of stress-related transcriptional factors,signalling genes,ion transporters,secondary metabolite pathways,receptor kinases,phytohormone biosynthesis and antioxidative *** of genetic resources hampers improvement of ***,several identified and characterized genes for stress tolerance can be exploited for further development of millet resil

关键词： Millets adaptation abiotic stress osmoprotectants antioxidants transcriptomics

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Salt Stress Threshold in Millets:Perspective on Cultivation on Marginal Lands for Biomass

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第1期90卷 51-64页

作者： Naveed Ul Mushtaq seerat saleem Aadil Rasool Wasifa Hafiz Shah Khalid Rehman Hakeem Reiaz Ul Rehman Department of Bioresources School of Biological SciencesUniversity of KashmirSrinagar190006India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Millets hold an immense assurance for food safety and nourishment amid ever-rising agricultural expenses and climate *** are healthful,have supplementary wellbeing profit and need remarkably fewer effort overheads for crop *** characters draw attention to millets as a plant of preference for the humankind in the course of emergent alarm about environmental *** have the prospect to provide biomass and thus bioenergy,reduced carbon emission,carbon footprint and sustainable modern *** the rate of expansion in budding countries is increasing day by day,the scarcity of energy is a big panic and there is a mounting turn in the direction and rehearsal of waste and biomass as an energy ***,at least 20%of total irrigated land has been injured by salt and 1.5 million hectares is taken away of cultivation every ***,in future,we will have a requirement of efficient crops and utilisation of marginal lands for *** is an answer to the efficient *** are subjected to various environmental pressures(high/low temperature,heavy metal,salinity,pesticides,etc.)as well as biotic stresses(virus,bacteria,fungi,etc.)and millets are not an exception to *** are categorised as glycophytes and can tolerate average salt threshold of about 6(ECe)(dS/m)with some variation from specie to *** in the salt concentrations can lead to retarded growth and development,thus need for mitigants arise to reduce such *** mitigants to overcome the stress levels include proline,polyamine and betaines,Na2SeO3,H2S,KNO3,Mg(NO3)2,etc.

关键词： Sustainable development proline salt tolerance biomass food security

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