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Contrasting microscopic interactions determine the properties of water/methanol solutions

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Frontiers of physics 2018年第1期13卷 51-56页

作者： Carmelo Corsaro Francesco Mallamace sebastiano vasi Sow-Hsin Chen H. Eugene Stanley Domenico Mallamace CNR-IPCF Messina Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37 98158 Messina Italy Dipartimento MIFT Sezione di Fisica Universita di Messina Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA Consorzio interuniversitario per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase - CSGI Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy

Herein we study the different microscopic interactions occurring in water/methanol solutions at dif- ferent methanol molar fractions, using NMR spctroscopy. Temperature was found to determine which interaction dominates. It was found that the mixing between water and methanol is non-ideal because of the presence of interactions like hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. These results indicate that the competition between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions is different in different thermal regions, and that the physical properties of the solution are determined by the character of the solution itself, which in turn depends on the mole fraction of methanol and on the temperature.

关键词： aqueous solutions hydrophobicity NMR hydrophilicity

Dynamical changes in hydration water accompanying lysozyme thermal denaturation

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Frontiers of physics 2015年第5期10卷 35-41页

作者： Francesco Mallamace Carmelo Corsaro Domenico Mallamace Nicola Cicero sebastiano vasi Giacomo Dugo H. Eugene Stanley CNR-IPCF Messina Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37 98158 Messina Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra Universitd di Messina Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics Boston University Boston MA 02215 USA Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente della Sicurezza del Territorio degli Alimenti e della Salute Universita di Messina Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy

We study the dynanfics of the first hydration shell of lysozyme to determine the role of hydra- tion water that accompanies lysozyme thermal denaturation. We use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate both the translational and rotational contributions. Data on proton self-diffusion and reorentational correlation time indicate that the kinetics of the lysozyme fold- ing/unfolding process is controlled by the dynamics of the water molecules in the first hydration shell. When the hydration water dynamics change, because of the weakening of the hydrogen bond network, the three-dimensional structure of the lysozyme is lost and denaturation is triggered. Our data indicates that at temperatures above approximately 315 K, water behaves as a simple liquid and is no longer a good solvent.

关键词： lysozyme unfolding hydration water NMR correlation time solvent dynamics

Maxwell Equations and Magnetic Monopoles

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第3期12卷 737-763页

作者： sebastiano Tosto ENEA Rome Italy

The manuscript introduces an “ab initio” quantum model to deduce the Maxwell equations. After general considerations and laying out the model’s theoretical framework, these equations can be derived alongside a broad variety of other results. Specifically, a corollary of the present model proposes a possible mechanism underlying the formation of magnetic monopoles and allows estimating their formation energy in order of magnitude.

关键词： “Ab Initio” Quantum Model Maxwell Equations Theoretical Framework Magnetic Monopoles Formation Energy

Gate-controlled supercurrent effect in dry-etched Dayem bridges of non-centrosymmetric niobium rhenium

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6575-6581页

作者： Jennifer Koch Carla Cirillo sebastiano Battisti Leon Ruf Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki Alessandro Paghi Armen Gulian Serafim Teknowijoyo Giorgio De Simoni Francesco Giazotto Carmine Attanasio Elke Scheer Angelo Di Bernardo Department of Physics University of KonstanzUniversitätsstraße 1078464 KonstanzGermany CNR-Spin c/o Universitàdegli Studi di Salernovia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084 Fisciano(SA)Italy NEST Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza San Silvestro 1256127 PisaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica“E.R.Caianiello” Universitàdegli Studi di SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084 Fisciano(SA)Italy Advanced Physics Laboratory Institute for Quantum StudiesChapman UniversityBurtonsvilleMD 20866USA

The application of a gate voltage to control the superconducting current flowing through a nanoscale superconducting constriction,named as gate-controlled supercurrent(GCS),has raised great interest for fundamental and technological *** gain a deeper understanding of this effect and develop superconducting technologies based on it,the material and physical parameters crucial for the GCS effect must be ***-down fabrication protocols should also be optimized to increase device scalability,although studies suggest that top-down fabricated devices are more resilient to show a ***,we investigate gated superconducting nanobridges made with a top-down fabrication process from thin films of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor niobium rhenium with varying ratios of the constituents(NbRe).Unlike other devices previously reported and made with a top-down approach,our NbRe devices systematically exhibit a GCS effect when they were fabricated from NbRe thin films with small grain size and etched in specific *** observations pave the way for the realization of top-down-made GCS devices with high *** results also imply that physical parameters like structural disorder and surface physical properties of the nanobridges,which can be in turn modified by the fabrication process,are crucial for a GCS observation,providing therefore also important insights into the physics underlying the GCS effect.

关键词： superconductivity non-centrosymmetric superconductors superconducting devices gated devices gate-controlled supercurrent top-down fabrication

Genetic differentiation in functional traits among wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) half-sib lines

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 991-1003页

作者： Srđan Stojnić Branislav Kovačević Marko Kebert Verica vasić Vanja Vuksanović Branislav Trudić Saša Orlović Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment University of Novi SadAntonaČehova 13dNovi Sad21000Serbia Faculty of Agriculture University of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 8Novi Sad21000Serbia Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla00153RomeItaly

Understanding intra-specific variation in leaf functional traits is one of the key requirements for the evaluation of species adaptive capacity to ongoing climate change, as well as for designing long-term breeding and conservation strategies. Hence, data of 19 functional traits describing plant physiology, antioxidant properties, anatomy and morphology were determined on 1-year-old seedlings of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) half-sib lines. The variability within and among half-sib lines, as well as the estimation of multi-trait association, were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test and multivariate analyses: principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate linear correlation between the study parameters. The results of the ANOVA showed the presence of statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) among half-sib lines for all study traits. The differences within half-sib lines, observed through the contribution of the examined sources of variation to the total variance (%), had higher impact on total variation in the majority of the examined traits. Pearson’s correlation analysis and PCA showed strong relationships between gas exchange in plants and leaf size and stomatal density, as well as between leaf biomass accumulation, intercellular CO_(2) concentration and parameters related to antioxidant capacity of plants. Likewise, the results of SDA indicate that transpiration and stomatal conductance contributed to the largest extent, to the discrimination of the wild cherry half-sib lines. In addition, PCA and CDA showed separation of the wild cherry half-sib lines along the first principal component and first canonical variable with regards to humidity of their original sites. Multiple adaptive differences between the wild cherry half-sib lines indicate high potential of the specie

关键词： Wild cherry Common garden experiment Variability Multivariate statistics Leaf functional traits

Weighted individual-resource networks in prey–predator systems: the role of prey availability on the emergence of modular structures

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 115-127页

作者： Andrea COSTA Antonio ROMANO Giacomo ROSA sebastiano SALVIDIO Department of Earth Environment and Life Sciences(DISTAV)University of GenovaGenovaItaly Italian National Research Council(CNR) Agriculture and Food Sciences Department(IBE)Institute of Bioeconomy–BiologyRomaRMItaly

Ecological networks,usually depicting interactions among species,have been recently down-scaled to the individual level,permitting description of patterns of inter-individual resource variation that are usually hindered at the species *** diet theory(ODT)models,applied to prey–predator systems,predict different patterns of nestedness and modularity in the network,depending on the available resources and intra-specific *** effect of resource availability on the emergence of networks structures,and ODT framework,has not yet fully been ***,we analyzed the structural patterns of individual-resource networks in 3 species of Mediterranean salamanders,in relation to changes in prey *** used weighted individual-resource network metrics to interpret the observed patterns,according to 3 ODT *** found significant nestedness recurring in our study system,indicating that both selective and opportunistic individuals occur in the same *** diversity,rather than abundance,was apparently related to inter-individual resource variation and promoted the emergence of significant modularity within all *** observed patterns of nestedness and modularity,together with the variation in resource diversity and intra-specific competition,are in agreement with the distinct preferences model of *** findings suggest that in the focal prey–predator systems,individuals were able to perceive changes in prey diversity and to exploit in different ways the variations in composition of available resources,shifting their diet assembly rules *** findings also confirm that the use of weighted individual-resource networks,in prey–predator systems,allows to disclose dynamics that are masked at the species or population level.

关键词： inter-individual resource variation network-analysis optimal diet theory prey availability salamanders

Antibiotic treatment in cirrhotic patients

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第35期11卷 8242-8246页

作者： Marco Fiore sebastiano Leone Department of Women Child and General and Specialized SurgeryUniversity of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Division of Infectious Diseases San Giuseppe Moscati HospitalAvellino 83100Italy

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liakina V:“Antibiotic resistance in patients with liver cirrhosis:Prevalence and current approach to tackle”(World J Clin Cases 2023,11:7530-7542).In this excellent review,Liakina presents current data on bacterial complications in patients with *** infections are the most common complication in patients with liver *** focus specifically on spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP)which is the most repres-entative infectious *** V suggested starting empirically,in all patients with suspected SBP,third-generation cephalosporins when the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs)in ascites is greater than 250/mm^(3).This statement creates some doubts in our clinical practice so we discuss on the unsolved pitfalls of diagnosis and treatment that are often encountered in patients with ascitic fluid infections,especially on bacterascites that is defined as ascitic bacterial growth with PMNs below 250/mm^(3).The severity of liver disease and overall prognosis are highly comparable for patients with bacterascites and SBP in some recent well-conducted ***,we present a brief analysis of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant isolates with an introduction of currently approved antibiotic drug options to treat ascitic fluid infections avoiding antibiotic *** light of the most recent epidemiological data,third-generation cephalosporins should not be considered as an empirical antibiotic treatment of choice for ascitic fluid infections.

关键词： Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Bacterascites Multidrug resistance Cirrhosis End-stage liver disease

Renal cell carcinoma and viral infections:A dangerous relationship?

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World Journal of Nephrology 2022年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： Melissa Bersanelli Chiara Casartelli sebastiano Buti Camillo Porta Medical Oncology Unit University Hospital of ParmaParma 43126Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery University of ParmaParma 43126Italy Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology University of Bari‘A.Moro’Bari 70121Italy Department of Medical Oncology Policlinico ConsorzialeBari 70124Italy

Virus-related cancers in humans are widely recognized,but in the case of renal cancer,the link with the world of viruses is not clearly established in humans,despite being known in animal *** the present review,we aimed to explore the literature on renal cell carcinoma(RCC)for a possible role of viruses in human RCC tumorigenesis and immune homeostasis,hypothesizing the contribution of viruses to the immunogenicity of this tumor.A scientific literature search was conducted using the PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases with the keywords“virus”or“viruses”or“viral infection”matched with(“AND”)“renal cell carcinoma”or“kidney cancer”or“renal cancer”or“renal carcinoma”or“renal tumor”or“RCC”.The retrieved findings evidenced two main aspects testifying to the relationship between RCC and viruses:The presence of viruses within the tumor,especially in non-clear cell RCC cases,and RCC occurrence in cases with pre-existing chronic viral *** retrieved translational and clinical data suggest the possible contribution of viruses,particularly Epstein-Barr virus,to the marked immunogenicity of sarcomatoid *** addition,it was revealed the possible role of endogenous retrovirus reactivation in RCC oncogenesis,introducing new fascinating hypotheses about this tumor’s immunogenicity and likeliness of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma Renal cancer Kidney cancer Viruses Viral infections Retrotransposons

Online payment fraud:from anomaly detection to risk management

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1788-1812页

作者： Paolo Vanini sebastiano Rossi Ermin Zvizdic Thomas Domenig University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Novartis AG BaselSwitzerland swissQuant Group ZurichSwitzerland IT Couture ZurichSwitzerland

Online banking fraud occurs whenever a criminal can seize accounts and transfer funds from an individual’s online bank *** preventing this requires the detection of as many fraudsters as possible,without producing too many false *** is a challenge for machine learning owing to the extremely imbalanced data and complexity of *** addition,classical machine learning methods must be extended,minimizing expected financial ***,fraud can only be combated systematically and economically if the risks and costs in payment channels are *** define three models that overcome these challenges:machine learning-based fraud detection,economic optimization of machine learning results,and a risk model to predict the risk of fraud while considering *** models were tested utilizing real *** machine learning model alone reduces the expected and unexpected losses in the three aggregated payment channels by 15%compared to a benchmark consisting of static if-then *** the machine-learning model further reduces the expected losses by 52%.These results hold with a low false positive rate of 0.4%.Thus,the risk framework of the three models is viable from a business and risk perspective.

关键词： Payment fraud risk management Anomaly detection Ensemble models Integration of machine learning and statistical risk modelling Economic optimization machine learning outputs