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水土保持科技情报 2001年第4期19卷 17-19页

作者： W.Van Muysen g.govers k.Van Oost A.Van Rompaey 张培勇英国地质地貌研究实验室新疆塔城水利勘测设计院

在两种不同土壤条件下 (残茬覆盖的固结土壤和前期耕过的疏松土壤 )利用凿形犁进行顺坡 (沿坡向下 )和逆坡 (沿坡向上 )耕作 ,研究不同耕深 (H)、耕速 (v)对土壤输移量 (Q)和土壤侵蚀量的影响。结果表明 :土壤移动的平均距离是坡度、土... 详细信息

在两种不同土壤条件下 (残茬覆盖的固结土壤和前期耕过的疏松土壤 )利用凿形犁进行顺坡 (沿坡向下 )和逆坡 (沿坡向上 )耕作 ,研究不同耕深 (H)、耕速 (v)对土壤输移量 (Q)和土壤侵蚀量的影响。结果表明 :土壤移动的平均距离是坡度、土壤结构、耕深和耕速的函数 ,以这些因子为自变量建立的模型可预测土壤移动距离的变化 ,同时土壤移动距离还与耕具的几何形状有关 ,但此模型未考虑这个因素。利用这个模型绘制在固定耕作方式下的侵蚀诺模图 ,可用来评价耕深、耕速对侵蚀量的影响 ,并可评价防治侵蚀的可行性方案。

关键词：凿形犁耕作土壤侵蚀土壤输移耕蚀模型比地

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建立在农用池塘基础上的流域开发

中国水土保持 2002年第7期 41-41页

作者： B.k.kakade g.S.Neelam k.J.Petare C Doreswamy BAIF Development Research Foundation BAIFBhavanWarje MalwadiBAIF Development Research FoundationBAIFBhavanWarje MalwadiBAIF Development Research FoundationBAIFBhavanWarje MalwadiBAIF Development Research FoundationBAIFBhavanWarje Malwadi

PM<sub>10</sub>Emissions from Cooking Fuels in Nigerian Households and Their Impact on Women and Children

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Health 2017年第13期9卷 1721-1733页

作者： Vivian N. Mbanya Mynepalli k. C. Sridhar Department of Community Medicine and global Health Institute of Health and Society Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Environmental Health Sciences Faculty of Public Health College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

A study was carried out on the type of fuels being used by households in Ibadan, a highly populated city in south-west Nigeria. Ekotedo, Agbeni, Bodija and Agbowo communities were selected through stratified random sampling, keeping in view of their socioeconomic background and population density. The study monitored 186 households for the type of fuel used for cooking and measured PM10 and the lung function of the respondents. The study population involved 130 women and 130 children. In addition, a community nurse carried out a physical and clinical examination of both the mothers and the children for respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms. The results showed that 37.7% used firewood, 33.1% used kerosene, 17.7% used charcoal and 11.5% used liquefied natural gas. Firewood use followed by charcoal emitted high PM10 at a level of 1640 μg/m3 and 1159 μg/m3, respectively. Charcoal users showed the lowest lung function values and gas users the highest value. A majority (78.5%) of the respondents complained of having cough during and after cooking. Some of them reported breathing problems, eyes and skin irritations. It is recommended that the communities be advised to switch over from the use of biomass fuels to natural gas so as to sustained the natural resources and again, reduced the health impacts of these cooking fuels on the population.

关键词： Cooking Fuels PM10 Smoke Lung Function Women Children Nigeria

DCD不同施用时间对水稻生长期CH4和N2O排放的影响

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生态学报 2008年第8期28卷 3675-3681页

作者：李香兰马静徐华曹金留蔡祖聪 k．Yagi 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室江苏南京210008 江苏农林职业技术学院江苏句容212400 国立农业环境技术研究所日本筑波305 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

硝化抑制剂传统的施用方法是在作物移栽或播种前与基肥配合施用。通过温室盆栽试验研究相同施肥条件下,硝化抑制剂双氢胺(dicyandiamide,DCD)不同施用时间(与基肥混施、分孽肥后施入、穗肥后施入)对水稻生长期CH4和N2O排放的影响。结果... 详细信息

硝化抑制剂传统的施用方法是在作物移栽或播种前与基肥配合施用。通过温室盆栽试验研究相同施肥条件下,硝化抑制剂双氢胺(dicyandiamide,DCD)不同施用时间(与基肥混施、分孽肥后施入、穗肥后施入)对水稻生长期CH4和N2O排放的影响。结果表明,施入DCD能同时降低CH4和N2O排放量。就整个水稻生长期而言,与基肥混施DCD分别降低21.41%的CH4排放量和8.00%的N2O排放量;调节DCD施用时间至分孽肥后显著降低30.30%的N2O排放量,同时降低5.24%的CH4排放量。就施入DCD到水稻收获的特定生长阶段而言,缓施DCD分别降低32.65%的N2O排放量和11.18%的CH4排放量;晚施DCD对CH4和N2O排放的影响不大。Ck、早施DCD、缓施DCD及晚施DCD处理CH4平均排放通量分别为0.95、0.75、0.87mg/(m.2h)及0.94 mg/(m.2h),N2O平均排放通量为155.67、143.24、108.50μg/(m.2h)及153.24μg/(m2.h),缓施DCD显著降低CH4和N2O排放量(p<0.01)。土壤温度是影响N2O排放的主要因素,而CH4排放通量与土壤Eh呈显著负相关(p<0.01)。

关键词：硝化抑制剂双氢胺(DCD) CH3和N2O 水稻土

New anticoagulants in the treatment of stroke: future promise

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中国现代神经疾病杂志 2013年第4期13卷 266-272页

作者： Emre kumral Tuba Cerrahoglu Sirin Department of Neurology Medical School Hospital Ege University

Recent evidence is leading to the replacement of vitamin k antagonists, the efficacy of which in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is well established, with better tolerated and more manageable new anticoagulant drugs, with a lower risk of intracranial bleeding, no clear interactions with food, fewer interactions with medications, and no need for frequent laboratory monitoring and dose adjustments. Among new anticoagulants, dabigatran etexilate is a direct, competitive inhibitor of thrombin. It was evaluated for patients with AF in the RE-LY trial, showing lower rates of stroke and systemic embolism at a dose of 150 mg twice daily with similar rates of major hemorrhage compared with warfarin; and non inferiority compared with warfarin for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism at a dose of 110 mg twice daily, with lower rates of major bleeding. Beside dabigatran, oral factor X a inhibitors are also emerging for the prevention of thromboembolic events in AF. Despite the obvious advantages of these new oral anticoagulants over vitamin k antagonists, further information is still needed on how to prioritize the patients deriving the greatest benefit from these novel agents on the basis of patient characteristics or drug pharmacokinetics. There is also a need for assessing their long-term efficacy and safety over decades in the real-world setting.

关键词：抗凝血剂中风药物相互作用凝血酶抑制剂治疗维生素k 环境评估药代动力学

Tile Drainage and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Influences on Nitrogen Availability, Losses, and Crop Yields

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第10期5卷 211-226页

作者： Rakesh Awale Amitava Chatterjee Hans kandel Joel k. Ransom Soil Science North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

Installing tile drainage facilitates early planting and field operations, and tiling has tremendously increased in the Red River Valley (RRV) due to recent wet cycles. This experiment studied tile drainage and N-fertilizer management effects on N availability, N losses, and yields of corn (Zea mays L.) and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) in a naturally poorly-drained Fargo soil during the 2012-2013 growing seasons. Regardless of drainage, applying 146 kg N ha-1 with nitrapyrin resulted similar soil N availability to 180 kg N ha-1 without nitrapyrin in sugarbeet in both years. In corn, application of nitrapyrin resulted either higher or similar soil N levels to split-N application. In 2013, application of urea alone increased soil N availability during the early corn growing season under the undrained condition, whereas nitrapyrin delayed N release in the tile-drained soils. Corn and sugarbeet yields averaged 7.4 and 47.0 Mg·ha-1 in 2012, and averaged 8.3 and 38.3 Mg·ha-1 in 2013, respectively, with no significant differences among N-sources. However, corn yield increased on an average by 27.6% with N-fertilizer application over unfertilized control in 2013. In 2012, sugarbeet root impurity (% sucrose loss to molasses) increased by 13.8% and 17.2% with 146 kg N ha-1 plus nitrapyrin and 180 kg N ha-1 treatments, respectively, compared to unfertilized control. Besides, higher N rates were usually associated with greater daily soil N2O emissions, with the maximum flux of 105 g N2O-N ha-1·d-1 recorded under corn. Addition of fertilizer-N increased NH3 volatilization losses up to 1.9% and 0.5% of the applied-N in corn and sugarbeet, respectively. Tile drainage influenced soil N availability more than crop yield during two years of study. Nitrogen management can have pronounced effects on N availability and losses. A long-term study is needed to investigate the fertilizer-N use efficiency of crops under tile drainage condition.

关键词： Subsurface Drainage Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide Ammonia Volatilization Nitrate Leaching

BTEX in Ambient Air of a Metropolitan City

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第1期2卷 11-20页

作者： D. Majumdar A. k. Mukherjeea S. Sen 不详

The environmental fate, global warming effect and human health risk from mono aromatic VOCs are of major concerns among many consequences of their anthropogenic emission. In more than a yearlong study (November 2003 to February 2005) of the city air in kolkata, India at different seasons in three different sites, the seasonal mean benzene and toluene concentrations varied between 13.8–72.0 μg/m3 and 21.0–83.2 μg/m3 respectively along all the sites. The environmental distribution and load of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and isomers of Xylene) in different environmental compartment was estimated using a multimedia mass balance model, TaPL3. The total environmental load of BTEX together was estimated to be 9.7 × 104 kg. Contribution of kolkata metropolitan city towards global warming due to environmental emission of BTEX has been estimated as 1.9 × 105 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year which is about 1.1% of yearly direct CO2 emission the city. The consequence of BTEX emission towards human health has been estimated in terms of non-cancer and cancer risk in population due to their inhalation exposure. The cumulative lifetime cancer risk for benzene and ethylbenzene was found to be higher than the acceptable value and range between 3.0 × 105 and 8.9 × 106 in three sites, although the non-cancer health risk was found to be within acceptable limit.

关键词： Multimedia Mass Balance Seasonal Variation global Warming Health Risk kolkata

giga- and terahertz-range nanoemitter based on peapod structure

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Nano Research 2015年第8期8卷 2595-2602页

作者： Michail M. Slepchenkov Anna S. kolesnikova george V. Savostyanov1 Igor S. Nefedov Ilya V. Anoshkin Albert g. Nasibulin Olga E. glukhova Department of Physics Saratov State University Saratov 410012 Russia Department of Radio Science and Engineering Aalto University Aalto P.O. Box 13000 Finland kolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo 143025 Russia

我们为十亿范围和兆兆赫范围波浪建议 nanoemitter 的一个理论模型。模型基于与 chiral 索引包括碳 nanotube 的 peapod 结构(10， 10 ) 。三包含了，部分， polymerized fullerene C 60 分子和断然控告的 C 60 fullerene 在 nanotube ... 详细信息

我们为十亿范围和兆兆赫范围波浪建议 nanoemitter 的一个理论模型。模型基于与 chiral 索引包括碳 nanotube 的 peapod 结构(10， 10 ) 。三包含了，部分， polymerized fullerene C 60 分子和断然控告的 C 60 fullerene 在 nanotube 内被套住。控告的 fullerene 和放射频率的运动用一个外部电场被控制。在 0.36 THz 的频率的稳定的兆兆赫放射与 10 V/m 的一个外部电场在 300 k 被生产。在千兆赫范围的稳定的放射在 10 V/m 下面与一个电场在 50 k 被观察。理论模拟被摩尔期电码潜力与对货车 der Waals 相互作用的描述用紧密绑定的分子的动力学方法执行。理论模型描述的系统试验性地被观察。

关键词：太赫兹波结构豆荚紧束缚分子动力学 C60分子辐射频率 Morse势碳纳米管

Integrated impedance sensing of liquid sample plug flow enables automated high throughput NMR spectroscopy

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第2期7卷 177-193页

作者： Omar Nassar Mazin Jouda Michael Rapp Dario Mager Jan g.korvink Neil Mackinnon Institute of Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

A novel approach for automated high throughput NMR spectroscopy with improved mass-sensitivity is accomplished by integrating microfluidic technologies and micro-NMR resonators.A flow system is utilized to transport a sample of interest from outside the NMR magnet through the NMR detector,circumventing the relatively vast dead volume in the supplying tube by loading a series of individual sample plugs separated by an immiscible *** dual-phase flow demands a real-time robust sensing system to track the sample position and velocities and synchronize the NMR *** this contribution,we describe an NMR probe head that possesses a microfluidic system featuring:(i)a micro saddle coil for NMR spectroscopy and(ii)a pair of interdigitated capacitive sensors flanking the NMR detector for continuous position and velocity monitoring of the plugs with respect to the NMR *** system was successfully tested for automating flow-based measurement in a 500 MHz NMR system,enabling high resolution spectroscopy and NMR sensitivity of 2.18 nmol s1/2 with the flow sensors in *** flow sensors featured sensitivity to an absolute difference of 0.2 in relative permittivity,enabling distinction between most common *** was demonstrated that a fully automated NMR measurement of nine individual 120μL samples could be done within 3.6 min or effectively 15.3 s per sample.

关键词： flow spectroscopy enable