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seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： sean P.Roach Luke C.McLean Jeff W.MacLeod Leslie s.Phillmore Psychology department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a rule.While such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important functions.For each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is limited.One species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency spectrum.The objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding season.We hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most intense.Analysis revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined thereafter.That song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate attraction.Future work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush seasonal change stereotypy syntax

Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.scott duncan sean M.Riordan Matthew C.Gernon Peter Koulen department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri department of Biomedical sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human body.They have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human diseases.some of these include central nervous system(CNs)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric disorders.In addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal CNs function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNs diseases.This review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNs pathologies.In addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNs diseases.Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

The component-activity interrelationship of cobalt-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting:strategies and performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 453-474页

作者： Mingjie sun Riyue Ge sean Li Liming dai Yiran Li Bin Liu Wenxian Li school of Materials science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR 999077China school of Materials science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia UNsW Materials&Manufacturing Futures Institute UNSW SydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia school of Chemical Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia

Cobalt-based electrocatalysts take advantage of potentially harmonizable microstructure and flexible coupling effects compared to commercial noble metal-based catalytic materials.However,conventional water electrolysis systems based on cobalt-based monofunctional hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)or oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts have certain shortcomings in terms of resource utilization and universality.In contrast,cobalt-based bifunctional catalysts(CBCs)have attracted much attention in recent years for overall water splitting systems because of their practicality and reduced preparation cost of electrolyzer.This review aims to address the latest development in CBCs for total hydrolysis.The main modification strategies of CBCs are systematically classified in water electrolysis to provide an overview of how to regulate their morphology and electronic configuration.Then,the catalytic performance of CBCs in total-hydrolysis is summarized according to the types of cobalt-based phosphides,sulfides and oxides,and the mechanism of strengthened electrocatalytic ability is emphasized through combining experiments and theoretical calculations.Future efforts are finally suggested to focus on exploring the dynamic conversion of reaction intermediates and building near-industrial CBCs,designing advanced CBC materials through micro-modulation,and addressing commercial applications.

关键词： Cobalt Bifunctional electrocatalysis Water splitting Modification strategies Electrocatalytic performances

subsequent total joint arthroplasty: Are we learning from the first stage?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期15卷 230-237页

作者： Christine Jiang Wu Colin Penrose sean Patrick Ryan Michael Paul Bolognesi Thorsten Markus seyler samuel secord Wellman department of Orthopaedic surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States department of Orthopaedic surgery Midwest Center for Joint ReplacementIndianapolisIN 46241United States

BACKGROUNd With the increasing incidence of total joint arthroplasty(TJA),there is a desire to reduce peri-operative complications and resource utilization.As degenerative conditions progress in multiple joints,many patients undergo multiple proce-dures.AIM To determine if both physicians and patients learn from the patient’s initial arth-roplasty,resulting in improved outcomes following the second procedure.METHOds The institutional database was retrospectively queried for primary total hip arth-roplasty(THA)and total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Patients with only unilateral THA or TKA,and patients undergoing same-day bilateral TJA,were excluded.Patient demographics,comorbidities,and implant sizes were collected at the time of each procedure and patients were stratified by first vs second surgery.Outcome metrics evaluated included operative time,length of stay(LOs),disposition,90-d readmissions and emergency department(Ed)visits.REsULTs A total of 642 patients,including 364 undergoing staged bilateral TKA and 278 undergoing bilateral THA,were analyzed.There was no significant difference in demographics or comorbidities between the first and second procedure,which were separated by a mean of 285 d.For THA and TKA,LOs was significantly less for the second surgery,with 66%of patients having a shorter hospitalization(Ps had significantly decreased operative time only when the same sized implant was utilized(P=0.025).The vast majority(93.3%)of patients were discharged to the same type of location following their second surgery.However,when a change in disposition was present from the first surgery,patients were significantly more likely to be discharged to home after the second procedure(P=0.033).There was no difference between procedures for post-operative readmissions(P=0.438)or Ed visits(P=0.915).CONCLUsION After gaining valuable experience recovering from the initial surgery,a patient’s perioperative outcomes are improved for their second TJA.This may be the result of increased confidence and decrea

关键词： staged total joint arthroplasty Asynchronous total joint arthroplasty subsequent total joint arthroplasty Contralateral total joint arthroplasty Perioperative outcomes

Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease:important considerations for use in clinical practice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 205-206页

作者： sarah Fullam sean O’dowd Antoinette O’Connor department of Neurology Tallaght University HospitalDublinIreland Academic Unit of Neurology Trinity College DublinIreland

Introduction:Fluid and positron emission tomography(PET)biomarkers that enable the detection of the hallmark proteins of Alzheimer’s disease(Ad)(amyloid and tau)have revolutionized our approach to the diagnosis of Ad.The evolution of Ad diagnostic criteria to include biological characterization(Alzheimer’s Association Working Group,2023)provides an appropriate framework to reduce levels of clinico-pathologic mismatch and improve in-vivo diagnostic accuracy.As the therapeutic landscape for neurodegenerative disease evolves,it is increasingly incumbent on clinicians to provide timely,and pathologically precise diagnoses for patients.However,the expensive and invasive nature of these tests limits their scalability.

关键词： Blood Alzheimer diagnosis

Network analyses:Inhibition of androgen receptor signaling reduces inflammation in the lung through AR-MAF-IL6 signaling axes

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Genes & diseases 2024年第3期11卷 140-143页

作者： Albert R.Wang Andrew M.Baschnagel Zijian Ni sean R.Brennan Hypatia K.Newton darya Buehler Christina Kendziorski Randall J.Kimple Gopal lyer department of Human Oncology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center MadisonWI 53705USA department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA

Androgen receptor(AR)is a major transcription factor that plays a role in inflammatory response including interleukin-6(IL6)signaling.1 While AR regulation through paracrine loop signaling in prostate tissue is well-studied,its impact through an IL6 autocrine loop in the lung has not been wellstudied despite the organ's response to respiratory viral infection.Chemical inhibition and RNA knockdown of AR identified a bZIP transcription factor MAF to be a common target of inflammation using these perturbations in lung cells.

关键词： inflammation lung respiratory

Improvement of Activities of daily Living (AdL) for Patients Treated in skilled Nursing Facilities (sNFs)

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第1期12卷 61-69页

作者： Jaden A. silver sean R. silver samueli school of Engineering University of California Los Angeles USA

Background: self-care tasks or activities of daily living (AdL)’s performance are often disrupted after an older adult sustains an injury or illness, which can be a determining factor for discharge placement after hospitalization, or it can determine the level of assistance required after discharge from a skilled nursing facility (sNF). We believe that comprehensive rehabilitation can improve a patient’s overall functioning during their short term stay in sNFs. The purpose of this study is to determine if an individual’s level of independence improved after admission to a skilled nursing facility and procurement of rehabilitation services. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 4612 nursing home patients in California who underwent rehabilitative services at skilled nursing facilities to determine how the patients responded to their environments, therapy interventions, and any other additional supportive measures. The records of patients who were admitted for short-term rehabilitation were reviewed in a blinded fashion, looking specifically at section GG of the Minimum data set (Mds). self-Care section GG scores recorded by rehabilitative staff provide objective data and measure patients’ levels of assistance that were required. Each activity is scored from 1, being completely dependent, to 6, being entirely independent, with varying levels of assistance with scores in between. The admission scores versus the discharge scores can be compared to determine if a patient improved their level of functioning upon discharge. Results: Utilizing the Pearson’s correlation coefficient, a strong correlation of improvement in AdL performance on section GG between the admission and discharge scores was identified, implying significant improvement in functional independence upon discharge. The average percent improvement for Managed Care patients was ~35.4% and ~39.4% for Medicare patients. Conclusions: The results support the benefits of rehabilitation services in skilled nursing facilities, and the data suggests that ad

关键词： Activities of daily Living skilled Nursing Facilities Rehabilitation Independent Living

Improvement in Patient Mobility Following short-Term Rehabilitation in skilled Nursing Facilities

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第1期12卷 52-60页

作者： sean R. silver Jaden A. silver samueli school of Engineering University of California Los Angeles USA

Background: Mobility in older adults can be impaired after acute illness or hospitalization, and the level of severity can be used as a predictor of one’s ability to return to independent living. Patients are often referred to skilled nursing facilities in hopes of improving their mobility. We wanted to prove that rehabilitative services at skilled Nursing Facilities improve overall outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 4612 patients admitted for short-term rehabilitation in a large nursing home chain in California. Our aim was to determine whether patients’ mobility scores, as measured by rehabilitative staff, significantly improved by time of discharge compared to their scores at admission. Mobility scores were rated from 1 to 6, with 1 being the most dependent on aid and 6 being the most independent, over a variety of tasks at admission and compared to scores at discharge. Pearson’s correlations were performed to determine if there were significant relationships in the data: the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to describe the relationships between patient admission to a skilled nursing facility and medical improvement upon discharge. Results: The study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in patients’ mobility scores upon discharge, with Medicare insured patients showing on average 57% improvement and Managed Care insured patients showing on average 59% improvement. Additionally, admission scores appeared to be predictive of the patient’s outcome at discharge. Conclusions: The values and consistency of improvement support the use of acute rehabilitative services in skilled nursing facilities. An equation can be formulated that evaluates patients’ estimated mobility statuses upon discharge from facilities based on their conditions on their arrivals. With this, new interventions can be studied and compared to the current standard of care by using these measurements. They can determine if further improvements can be made to increase patient outcomes.

关键词： Mobility skilled Nursing Facility Rehabilitative services Independent Living Healthcare

Filterless narrowband photodetectors enabled by controllable band modulation through ion migration: The case of halide perovskites

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InfoMat 2024年第1期6卷 123-138页

作者： Yu Li shanshan Yu Junjie Yang Kai Zhang Mingyu Hu Weitao Qiu Fumin Guo Wei Qian sean Reinecke Tao Chen Makhsud I.saidaminov Jian Wang shihe Yang Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhenGuangdongthe People's Republic of China shenzhen Bay Laboratory Institute of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhenGuangdongthe People's Republic of China school of Advanced Materials Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhenGuangdongthe People's Republic of China department of Chemistry The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARthe People's Republic of China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical sciences at Microscale CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy ConversionDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuithe People's Republic of China College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongthe People's Republic of China department of Chemistry University of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada

Narrowband photodetectors conventionally rely on optical structure design orbandpass filters to achieve the narrowband regime. Recently, a strategy forfilterless narrowband photoresponse based on the charge collection narrowing(CCN) mechanism was reported. However, the CCN strategy requires an electrically and optically “thick” photoactive layer, which poses challenges in controlling the narrowband photoresponse. Here we propose a novel strategy forconstructing narrowband photodetectors by leveraging the inherent ion migration in perovskites, which we term “band modulation narrowing” (BMN). Bymanipulating the ion migration with external stimuli such as illumination,temperature, and bias voltage, we can regulate in situ the energy-band structure of perovskite photodetectors (PPds) and hence their spectral response.Combining the Fermi energy levels obtained by the Kelvin probe force microscopy, the internal potential profiles from solar cell capacitance simulator simulation, and the anion accumulation revealed by the transient ion-drifttechnique, we discover two critical mechanisms behind our BMN strategy: theextension of an optically active but electronically dead region proximal to the top electrode and the down-bending energy bands near the electron transportlayer. Our findings offer a case for harnessing the often-annoying ionmigration for developing advanced narrowband PPds.

关键词： band structure ion migration narrowband detection perovskite spatial distribution of charge carriers