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The whole day matters: Understanding 24-hour movement guideline adherence and relationships with health indicators across the lifespan

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第6期9卷 493-510页

作者： scott Rollo Olga Antsygina mark S.Tremblay Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONK1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONK1H 8M5Canada Department of Health Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaONK1S 5B6Canada

Background:New research suggests that the composition(mix)of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the *** with this integrated movement behavior paradigm,a number of countries across the world have developed and released 24-h movement guidelines for specific age *** purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors,or adherence to 24-h movement guidelines,and multiple health indicators across the ***:Five online databases(PsycINFO,Pubmed,SPORTDiscus,Web of Science,and Ovid mEDLINE)were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and January 2020 that met the a priori inclusion criteria,with no study design *** methodological quality of research evidence for each individual study and for each health indicator was assessed by using a modified version of the Downs and Black ***:A total of 51 studies from 20 different countries met the inclusion criteria.A total of 31 studies examined adherence(meeting *** meeting)to 24-h movement guidelines,and 20 studies used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement *** indicated that meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were(1)not associated with adiposity among toddlers,(2)favorably associated with health-related quality of life,social-cognitive development,and behavioral and emotional problems among preschoolers,(3)favorably associated with global cognition,health-related quality of life,and healthy dietary patterns in children,and(4)favorably associated with adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,mental,social,and emotional health among children and *** associations were also found between the composition of 24-h movement behaviors and indicators of(1)adiposity and bone and skeletal health among preschoolers,(2)health-related quality of life among child

关键词： Compositional analysis movement behaviors Physical activity Sedentary behavior Sleep

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Identifying PCR primers to facilitate molecular phylogenetics in Caddisflies(Trichoptera)

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Zoological Systematics 2015年第4期40卷 459-469页

作者： Bonnie S.mcCullagh scott A.Wissinger Jeffrey m.marcus Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Departments of Biology and Environmental Science Allegheny College Rocky mountain Biological Laboratory

The molecular phylogenetics of the Lepidoptera （butterflies and moths） is well studied, but that of Trichoptera （caddisflies）, the sister clade of Lepidoptera, is less studied. The PCR primer libraries developed for lepidopteran phylogenetics might work in Trichoptera. DNA from 8 caddisfly species （Asynarchus nigriculus （Banks, 1908）, Grammotaulius lorettae Denning, 1941, Hesperophylax occidentalis （Banks, 1908）, Limnephilus externus Hagen, 1861, Limnephilus picturatus mcLachlan, 1875, Limnephilus secludens Banks, 1914, Limnephilus sublunatus Provancher, 1877 and Agrypnia deflata （milne, 1931）） was used to screen for amplification. 107 primer pairs for 45 nuclear and 3 mitochondrial genes were tested. Primers for 1 new gene （40S ribosomalprotein $2 （RPS2）） and 8 genes previously used in Trichopteran phylogenetics were recovered （16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase （CAD）, cytoehrome oxidase I （CO1）, cytochrome oxidase 11 （COIl）, elongation factor-1 alpha （EF-1 alpha）, isoeitrate dehydrogenase （IDH）, and RNA polymerase-II （POL-I1））. New primer pairs extended the genomic region sampled for many genes. Evolution rates among loci varied by 2 orders of magnitude. Differences among evolution rates and modes of inheritance offer flexible tools for resolving phylogenetic questions and examining genome evolution in the Trichoptera. Screening libraries of PCR primers is a useful approach for identifying PCR primers in related taxa with limited molecular genetic resources.

关键词： Trichoptera molecular phylogenetics mosaic genome evolution rates ofsequence evolution PCR primer library.

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国家旅游统计系统:旨在为制定明智的旅游政策和商业决策提供信息参考

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旅游学刊 2016年第3期31卷 1-6页

作者： scott m.meis Tourism HR Canada

引言成熟稳健的官方(2)国家旅游统计系统(STS)(3)能够生成可靠的数据和可靠的统计集合,对于进行明智的对话以及制定和做出以证据为基础的合理的公共政策和商业决策,从而实现旅游发展的预期效益至关重要。高质量、相关性强的数据对于监... 详细信息

引言成熟稳健的官方(2)国家旅游统计系统(STS)(3)能够生成可靠的数据和可靠的统计集合,对于进行明智的对话以及制定和做出以证据为基础的合理的公共政策和商业决策,从而实现旅游发展的预期效益至关重要。高质量、相关性强的数据对于监测和测度进展情况以及报告地方、国家和国际层面的业

关键词：旅游统计系统旅游卫星账户旅游产业旅游业商业决策

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New insights into genetic predisposition and novel therapeutic targets for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第5期7卷 372-381页

作者： mary Barbara Andrea scott Naim Alkhouri Department of medicine University of Texas(UT)Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA Texas Liver Institute San AntonioTXUSA

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the United States affecting 80–100 million Americans. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from excess liver fat (nonalcoholic fatty liver or NAFL), to necro-inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or NASH), to fibrosis/ cirrhosis, and malignant transformation (hepatocellular carcinoma). Susceptibility to NAFLD is highly variable and it remains unclear why some patients with NAFLD exhibit NASH, whereas patients with known risk factors have NAFL only. The reasons for this variability can be a partially attributed to differences in genetic background. In the last decade, there have been multiple genome wide association studies, which have enriched our understanding of the genetic basis of NAFLD. The I148m PNPLA3 (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3) variant has been identified as the major common genetic determinant of NAFLD. Variants with moderate effect size like Tm6SF2, mBOAT7 and GCKR have also been shown to have a significant contribution. New research has uncovered major pathways leading to disease development and progression;therefore, multiple medications are being developed and tested for the treatment of advanced NAFLD. These agents target metabolic mechanisms as well as inflammation and fibrosis pathways. Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are evaluating the efficacy of these novel agents on histological improvement of disease severity and decreasing liver-related outcomes. FDA-approved medications for NASH and NASH-related fibrosis are expected by 2020.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treatment polymorphism clinical trial

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Artificial lights improve the catchability of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) traps

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2017年第3期2卷 124-133页

作者： Khanh Q.Nguyen Paul D.Winger Corey morris scott m.Grant Fisheries and marine Institute Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNL A1C 5R3Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada St John'sNL A1C 5X1Canada Nha Trang University 2 Nguyen Dinh ChieuNha Trang 57000Viet Nam

This study investigated the behaviour and commercial catchability of snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)in response to different low-powered LED lights under laboratory and field *** created a novel choice-experiment in a laboratory setting in which we investigated the behaviour of snow crab in response to coloured LED *** results showed that snow crab movement was dependent on light colour,with animals choosing to move toward blue and white lights,away from purple lights,and no detectable effect for green and red *** then conducted two field experiments to investigate the effect of the same LED lights on the catch rates of commercial traps during the 2016 snow crab fishery on the east coast of Newfoundland and *** from the first field experiment showed that adding white and purple LED lights into baited traps significantly improved Catch Per Unit Effort(CPUE)by 77% and 47% *** from the second field experiment showed that unbaited traps equipped with only LED lights(no bait),could also catch snow crab in comparable amounts to traditional baited traps,with soak time and depth explaining some of the variation in *** together,these experiments suggest that fishing enterprises can improve their catching performance and profitability by adding LED lights to their traps,or by using LED lights as a bait replacement.

关键词： Chionoecetes opilio Snow crab LED light Catchability Crab behaviour

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Numerical modeling of the effects of roughness on flow and eddy formation in fractures

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 105-115页

作者： scott Briggs Bryan W. Karney Brent E. Sleep University of Toronto Toronto M5S 1A4 Canada

The effect of roughness on flow in fractures was investigated using lattice Boltzmann method(LBm).Simulations were conducted for both statistically generated hypothetical fractures and a natural dolomite fracture. The effect of increasing roughness on effective hydraulic aperture, Izbash and Forchheimer parameters with increasing Reynolds number(Re) ranging from 0.01 to 500 was examined. The growth of complex flow features, such as eddies arising near the fracture surface, was directly associated with changes in surface roughness. Rapid eddy growth above Re values of 1, followed by less rapid growth at higher Re values, suggested a three-zone nonlinear model for flow in rough fractures. This three-zone model, relating effective hydraulic conductivity to Re, was also found to be appropriate for the simulation of water flow in the natural dolomite fracture. Increasing fracture roughness led to greater eddy volumes and lower effective hydraulic conductivities for the same Re values.

关键词： Hydrogeology Fracture flow Fracture roughness Computational fluid dynamics Lattice Boltzmann method(LBm)

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Freedom papers

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作者： (1950-)scott Rebecca J. (1944-)Hébrard Jean m.

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molecule-based modeling of heavy oil

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第7期56卷 840-847页

作者： HORTON scott R. HOU Zhen mORENO Brian m. BENNETT Craig A. KLEIN michael T. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware

A molecular-level kinetics model has been developed for the pyrolysis of heavy residual oil. Resid structure was modeled in terms of three attribute groups: cores, inter-core linkages, and side chains. The concentrations of attributes were constrained by probability density functions (PDFs) that were optimized by minimizing the difference between the properties of the computational representation-which were obtained by juxtaposing the attributes-to measured properties, which were obtained by analytical chemistry measurements. Computational tools were used to build a reaction network that was constructed based upon model compounds and their associated kinetics. For cases with an intractable number of species, equations were written in terms of the three attribute groups and the molecular composition was retained implicitly through the juxtaposition. These modeling methods were applied to the Shengli and Daqing resids. The composition of the simulated molecular feedstock fit well with analytical chemistry measurements. After simulated pyrolysis, both resids showed representative increases in the weight fractions of lighter hydrocarbons. Relevant end-use properties were predicted for the product mixtures.

关键词： heavy oil resid pyrolysis molecular-level kinetic modeling

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The importance of pre-and postcopulatory sexual selection promoting adaptation to increasing temperatures

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 321-327页

作者： miguel Gomez-Llano Eve scott Erik I.Svensson Department of Biological Sciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM139PLUK Department of Animal and Plant Sciences The University of SheffieldSheffieldS102TNUK Biology Department Lund UniversityEvolutionary Ecology UnitLund22362Sweden

Global temperatures are increasing rapidly affecting species *** if and how different species can adapt fast enough to keep up with increasing temperatures is of vital *** mechanism that can accelerate adaptation and promote evolutionary rescue is sexual *** different mechanisms by which sexual selection can facilitate adaptation are pre-and postcopulatory sexual ***,the relative effects of these different forms of sexual selection in promoting adaptation are ***,we present the results from an experimental study in which we exposed fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster to either no mate choice or 1 of 2 different sexual selection regimes(pre-and postcopulatory sexual selection)for 6 generations,under different thermal *** showed evidence of thermal adaptation under preco-pulatory sexual selection,but this effect was not detected in the postcopulatory sexual selection and the no choice mating *** further demonstrate that sexual dimorphism decreased when flies evolved under increasing temperatures,consistent with recent theory predicting more sexually concordant selection under environmental *** results suggest an important role for precopulatory sexual selection in promoting thermal adaptation and evolutionary rescue.

关键词： evolutionary rescue local adaptation climate change Drosophila sexual selection

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multiplexed cytokine detection on plasmonic gold substrates with enhanced near-infrared fluorescence

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Nano Research 2013年第2期6卷 113-120页

作者： Bo Zhang Jordan Price Guosong Hong scott m. Tabakman Hailiang Wang Justin A. Jarrell Ju Feng Paul J. Utz Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California USA Department of medicine Division of Immunology and Rheumatology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA Institute for Immunity Transplantation and Infection Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA

Protein microarrays based on fluorescence detection have been widely utilized for high-throughput functional proteomic analysis. However, a drawback of such assays has been low sensitivity and narrow dynamic range, limiting their capabilities, especially for detecting low abundance biological molecules such as cytokines in human samples. Here, we present fluorescence-enhancing microarrays on plasmonic gold films for multiplexed cytokine detection with up to three orders of magnitude higher sensitivity than on conventional nitrocellulose and glass substrates. Cytokine detection on the gold plasmonic substrate is about one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and can be multiplexed. A panel of six cytokines （Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, Interleukin 1β （IL-1β）, Interleukin 4 （IL-4）, Interleukin 6 （IL-6）, Interferon γ （IFN-γ）, and Tumor necrosis factor （TNF）） were detected in the culture media of cancer cells. This work establishes a new method of high throughput multiplexed cytokine detection with higher sensitivity and dynamic range than ELISA.

关键词： microarray cytokine plasmonic multiplex near infrared fluorescence

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