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liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds:Current progress,challenges,and opportunities

Bioactive Materials 2024年第10期40卷 280-305页

作者： Kamal H.Hussein Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada Julio Cisneros Correa Ahmer Sultan Silvana Wilken Bruce Amiot scott l.nyberg Department of Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States William J.von liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUnited States Department of Surgery Anesthesiologyand RadiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt

liver transplantation represents the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver ***,the shortage of liver donors provokes a dramatic gap between available grafts and patients on the waiting *** liver bioengineering,an emerging field of tissue engineering,holds great potential to overcome this *** approach involves two main steps;the first is liver decellularization and the second is *** decellularization aims to remove cellular and nuclear materials from the organ,leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different structural proteins and growth factors while retaining both the vascular and biliary *** involves repopulating the decellularized liver with appropriate cells,theoretically from the recipient patient,to reconstruct the parenchyma,vascular tree,and biliary *** aim of this review is to identify the major advances in decellularization and recellularization strategies and investigate obstacles for the clinical application of bioengineered liver,including immunogenicity of the designed liver extracellular matrices,the need for standardization of scaffold fabrication techniques,selection of suitable cell sources for parenchymal repopulation,vascular,and biliary tree *** vivo transplantation models are also summarized for evaluating the functionality of bioengineered ***,the regulatory measures and future directions for confirming the safety and efficacy of bioengineered liver are also *** these challenges in whole liver bioengineering may offer new solutions to meet the demand for liver transplantation and improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Bioengineered liver Decellularization Recellularization Reendothelialization Biliary reconstruction

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大鼠肝细胞球形体低温保存条件的初步探索

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解放军医学杂志 2014年第12期39卷 936-940页

作者：刘鸿凌游绍莉李晨刘婉姝万志红臧红朱冰荣义辉柳芳芳 scott l.nyberg 辛绍杰解放军302医院肝衰竭诊疗与研究中心北京100039 Division of Experimental Surgery Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMNUSA

目的探索有效的肝细胞球形体低温保存方法,促进生物人工肝及其他研究的应用。方法采用两步法分离大鼠肝细胞,经无血清培养基(SFM)摇摆培养48h形成肝细胞球形体。将球形体继续培养(对照组),或置于4℃SFM,SFM+1mmol/l去铁胺(Def),SFM+1μm... 详细信息

目的探索有效的肝细胞球形体低温保存方法,促进生物人工肝及其他研究的应用。方法采用两步法分离大鼠肝细胞,经无血清培养基(SFM)摇摆培养48h形成肝细胞球形体。将球形体继续培养(对照组),或置于4℃SFM,SFM+1mmol/l去铁胺(Def),SFM+1μmol/l环孢霉素A(Cs A),SFM+1mmol/l Def+1μmol/l Cs A保存液中24h或48h,继续培养4d或5d后观察低温保存后肝细胞球形体的存活率、超微结构变化,以及白蛋白和尿素合成情况。结果Def和Cs A能很好地保护球形体肝细胞,在4℃SFM+Def+Cs A保存液中保存24h,肝细胞球形体功能、结构等变化及尿素合成水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而单独放在SFM中进行低温保存后,细胞活性明显下降。在4℃保存48h后,球形体肝细胞超微结构发生明显变化,死亡细胞增多,但SFM+Def+Cs A组和SFM+Def组细胞结构优于SFM组和SFM+Cs A组,细胞存活率及尿素合成水平明显高于后两组(P0.05)。结论低温状态下肝细胞球形体可保持良好的存活率和功能24h,低温保存能为细胞治疗提供良好的细胞材料。

关键词：肝细胞低温保存球形体细胞肝人工

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Purinergic signaling systems across comparative models of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 2391-2398页

作者： Eva E.Stefanova Angela l.scott Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Within the last several decades,the scientific community has made substantial progress in elucidating the complex pathophysiology underlying spinal cord ***,despite the many advances using conventional mammalian models,both cellular and axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury have remained out of *** this sense,turning to non-mammalian,regenerative species presents a unique opportunity to identify pro-regenerative cues and chara cterize a spinal cord microenvironment permissive to *** the signaling pathways hypothesized to be dysregulated during spinal cord injury is the purinergic signaling *** addition to its well-known role as energy currency in cells,ATP and its metabolites are small molecule neurotransmitte rs that mediate many diverse cellular processes within the central nervous *** our unde rstanding of the roles of the purinergic system following spinal cord injury is limited,this signaling pathway has been implicated in all injury-induced secondary processes,including cellular death,inflammation,reactive gliosis,and neural *** that the purinergic system is also evolutionarily conserved between mammalian and non-mammalian species,comparisons of these roles may provide important insights into conditions responsible for recovery ***,we compare the secondary processes between key model species and the influence of purinergic signaling in each *** our understanding of this signaling system and pro-regenerative conditions continues to evolve,so does the potential for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury.

关键词： cell death differenriation glia inflammation neurogenesis proliferation purinergic signaling reactive gliosis regeneration spinal cord injury teleost

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Perspectives:Gene expression in fisheries management

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 157-174页

作者： Jennifer l.NIElSEN scott A.PAVEY US Geological Survey Alaska Science Center Department of Biological Sciences Simon Frasier University National Park Service

Functional genes and gene expression have been connected to physiological traits linked to effective production and broodstock selection in aquaculture, selective implications of commercial fish harvest, and adaptive changes reflected in non-commercial fish populations subject to human disturbance and climate change. Gene mapping using single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） to identify functional genes, gene expression （analogue microarrays and real-time PCR）, and digital sequencing technologies looking at RNA transcripts present new concepts and opportunities in support of effective and sustainable fisheries. Genomic tools have been rapidly growing in aquaculture research addressing aspects of fish health, toxicology, and early development. Genomic technologies linking effects in functional genes involved in growth, maturation and life history development have been tied to selection resulting from harvest practices. Incorporating new and ever-increasing knowledge of fish gehomes is opening a different perspective on local adaptation that will prove invaluable in wild fish conservation and management. Conservation of fish stocks is rapidly incorporating research on critical adaptive responses directed at the effects of human dis- turbance and climate change through gene expression studies. Genomic studies of fish populations can be generally grouped into three broad categories： l） evolutionary genomics and biodiversity; 2） adaptive physiological responses to a changing environment; and 3） adaptive behavioral genomics and life history diversity. We review current genomic research in fisheries focusing on those that use microarrays to explore differences in gene expression among phenotypes and within or across populations, information that is critically important to the conservation of fish and their relationship to humans [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 157-174, 2010].

关键词： Fish genome Fisheries management Conservation Gene expression

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Technology advancing the study of animalcognition： using virtual reality to presentvirtually simulated environments to investigatenonhuman primate spatial cognition

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 97-108页

作者： Francine l. DOlINS Kenneth SCHWEllER scott MIlNE Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn Dearborn MI 48128 USA Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative Des Moines IA USA Impact Madagascar Nanisana Antananarivo 101Madagascar Africa

Virtual simulated environments provide multiple ways of testing cognitive function and evaluatingproblem solving with humans （e.g., Woollett et al. 2009）. The use of such interactive technologyhas increasingly become an essential part of modern life （e.g., autonomously driving vehicles, glo-bal positioning systems （GPS）, and touchscreen computers; Chinn and Fairlie 2007; Brown 2011）.While many nonhuman animals have their own forms of technology, such as chimpanzees whocreate and use tools, in captive animal environments the opportunity to actively participate withinteractive technology is not often made available. Exceptions can be found in some state-of-the-art zoos and laboratory facilities （e.g., Mallavarapu and Kuhar 2005）. When interactive technologyis available, captive animals often selectively choose to engage with it. This enhances the animal＇ssense of control over their immediate surroundings （e.g., Clay et al. 2011; Ackerman 2012）. Suchself-efficacy may help to fulfill basic requirements in a species＇ daily activities using problem solv-ing that can involve foraging and other goal-oriented behaviors. It also assists in fulfilling thestrong underlying motivation for contrafreeloading and exploration expressed behaviorally bymany species in captivity （Young 1999）. Moreover, being able to present nonhuman primates vir-tual reality environments under experimental conditions provides the opportunity to gain insightinto their navigational abilities and spatial cognition. It allows for insight into the generation andapplication of internal mental representations of landmarks and environments under multiple con-ditions （e.g., small- and large-scale space） and subsequent spatial behavior. This paper reviewsmethods using virtual reality developed to investigate the spatial cognitive abilities of nonhumanprimates, and great apes in particular, in comparison with that of humans of multiple age *** make recommendations about training, best practices, and also pi

关键词： animal cognition, apes, bonobos, chimpanzees, nonhuman primates, spatial cognition, virtual reality.

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Modelling sulphate-enhanced cadmium uptake by Zea mays from nutrient solution under conditions of constant free Cd^(2+) ion activity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ulrico J.lópez-Chuken scott D.Young Division of Environmental Sciences School of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Division of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences School of Biosciencesthe University of Nottingham

A controlled hydroponic experiment was undertaken to investigate Cd uptake in relation to the activity of Cd species in solution other than the free ion （Cd^2＋） by maintaining a constant Cd^2＋ activity under variable SO4^2- and Cl^- concentrations exposed to maize （Zea mays vat. Cameron） plants. The objectives of these experiments were：（1） to distinguish and quantify the different uptake rates of free and inorganic-complexed Cd from nutrient solution, and （2） to model the uptake of Cd by maize with a Biotic ligand Model （BlM） in a system which facilitates the close examination of root characteristics. Results of the current experiments suggest that, in addition to the free ion, CdSO4^0 complexes are important factors in determining Cd uptake in nutrient solution by maize plants. Higher nominal SO4^2- concentrations in solution generally resulted in a greater Cd accumulation by maize plants than predicted by the Cd^2＋ activity. A better integration of the complete dataset for the 3 harvest times （6, 9 and 11 days after treatment） was achieved by including consideration of both the duration of Cd exposure and especially the root surface area to express Cd uptake. Similarly, the fit of the BlM was also improved when taking into account exposure time and expressing uptake in terms of root morphological parameters.

关键词： free ion activity model biotic ligand model root surface area Cd complexation metal exposure time hydroponics plant uptake

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leaf size versus leaf numbertradeoffs in dioecious angiosperms

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 29-35页

作者： Stephanie l.scott lonnie W.Aarssen Department of Biology Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada K7L 3N6

Aims We explore the possible role of leaf size/number trade-offs for the interpretation of leaf size dimorphism in dioecious plant *** Total above-ground biomass(both male and female)for three herbaceous dioecious species and individual shoots(from both male and female plants)for three woody dioecious species were sampled to record individual leaf dry mass,number of leaves,dry mass of residual above-ground tissue(all remaining non-leaf biomass),number of flowers/inflorescences(for herbaceous species)and number of *** Findings For two out of three woody species and two out of three herbaceous species examined,male plants produced smaller leaves but with higher leafing intensity—*** leaves per unit of supporting(residual)shoot tissue or plant body mass—compared with *** and female plants,however,did not differ in shoot or plant body mass or branching *** interpret these results as possible evidence for a dimorphic leaf deployment strategy that promotes both male and female function,*** male plants,capacity as a pollen donor may be favored by selection for a broadly spaced floral display,hence favoring relatively high leafing intensity because this provides more numerous axillary meristems that can be deployed for flowering,thus requiring a relatively small leaf as a *** one herbaceous species,higher leafing intensity in males was associated with greater flower production than in *** contrast,in female plants,selection favors a relatively large leaf,we propose,because this promotes greater capacity for localized photosynthate production,thus supporting the locally high energetic cost of axillary fruit and seed development,which in turn requires a relatively low leafing intensity as a trade-off.

关键词： bud bank leaf dimorphism leafing intensity dioecy

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local and global methods in representations of Hecke algebras

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Science China Mathematics 2018年第2期61卷 207-226页

作者： Jie Du Brian J.Parshall leonard l.scott School of Mathematics and Statistics University of New South Wales(UNSW) Department of Mathematics University of Virginia

This paper aims at developing a "local-global" approach for various types of finite dimensional algebras, especially those related to Hecke algebras. The eventual intention is to apply the methods and applications developed here to the cross-characteristic representation theory of finite groups of lie type. We first review the notions of quasi-hereditary and stratified algebras over a Noetherian commutative ring. We prove that many global properties of these algebras hold if and only if they hold locally at every prime ideal. When the commutative ring is sufficiently good, it is often sufficient to check just the prime ideals of height at most one. These methods are applied to construct certain generalized q-Schur algebras, proving they are often quasi-hereditary(the "good" prime case) but always stratified. Finally, these results are used to prove a triangular decomposition matrix theorem for the modular representations of Hecke algebras at good primes. In the bad prime case, the generalized q-Schur algebras are at least stratified, and a block triangular analogue of the good prime case is proved, where the blocks correspond to Kazhdan-lusztig cells.

关键词： quasi-hereditary algebra stratified algebra Hecke algebra Schur algebra left cell endomorphism algebra exact category height one prime

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Transcriptome-Based Examination of Putative Pollen Allergens of Rice （Oryza sativa ssp. japonica）

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Molecular Plant 2008年第5期1卷 751-759页

作者： scott D. Russell Prem l. Bhalla Mohan B. Singh Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology laboratory Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research Faculty of Land and Food Resources The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 3010 Australia

Pollen allergens are among the most abundantly transcribed and translated products in the life history of plants, and particularly grasses. To identify different pollen allergens in rice, putative allergens were identified in the rice genome and their expression characterized using the Affymetrix 57K rice GeneChip microarray. Among the most abundant pollen-specific candidate transcripts were Ory s 1 beta-expansin, Ory s 2, Ory s 7 EF hand, Q ry s 11, Ory s 12 profilin A, Ory s 23, glycosyl hydrolase family 28 （polygalacturonase）, and FAD binding proteins. Highly expressed pollen proteins are frequently present in multiple copy numbers, sometimes with mirror images located on nearby regions of the opposite DNA strand. Many of these are intronless and inserted as copies that retain nearly exact copies of their regulatory elements. Ory s 23 reflects low variability and high copy number, suggesting recent gene amplification. Some copies contain pseudogenes, which may reflect their origin through activity of retrotransposition; some putative allergenic sequences bear fusion products with repeat sequences of transposable elements （lTRs）. The abundance of nearby repetitive sequences, activation of transposable elements, and high production of mRNA transcripts appear to coincide in pollen and may contribute to a syndrome in which highly transcribed proteins may be copied and inserted with streamlined features for translation, including grouping and removal of introns.

关键词： Putative Pollen Allergens Rice

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Bravo (wireless) ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring: How do day 1 and day 2 results compare?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第30期13卷 4091-4095页

作者： Matthew l Bechtold Jason-scott l Holly Klaus Thaler John B Marshall Division of Gastroenterology University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States General Surgery University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States

AIM： To investigate if differences exist for patients＇ gastroesophageal reflux as measured by the Bravo ambulatory esophageal pH system between d 1 and d 2.METHODS： A retrospective study of 27 consecutive adult patients who underwent Bravo esophageal pH monitoring was performed. Patients underwent EGD under Ⅳ conscious sedation prior to Bravo placement. Acid reflux variables and symptom scores for d 1 were compared to d 2.RESUlTS： The mean doses of fentanyl and midazolam were 90.4 μg and 7.2 mg, respectively. D 1 results were significantly more elevated than d 2 with respect to total time pH 〈 4, upright position reflux, and mean number of long refluxes. No statistical difference was noted between the two days for supine position reflux, number of refluxes, duration of longest reflux, episodes of heartburn, and symptom score.CONClUSION： Patients undergoing Bravo esophageal pH monitoring in association with EGD and moderate conscious sedation experience significantly more acid reflux on d i compared to d 2. The Ⅳ sedation may be responsible for the increased reflux on d 1. Performed this way, 48-h Bravo results may not be entirely representative of the patients＇ true GE reflux profile.

关键词： Esophageal pH monitoring Bravo Gastroeso- phageal reflux disease Reflux pH testing

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