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Hepatitis C virus control among persons who inject drugs requires overcoming barriers to care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 7846-7851页

作者： Marija Zeremski Jon E Zibbell anthony d Martinez Steven Kritz Bryce d Smith Andrew H Talal division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical College New YorkNY 10065 United States division of Viral Hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333United States division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14203 United States Addiction Research and Treatment Corporation Brooklyn NY 11201 United States

despite a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,the vast majority of persons who inject drugs(PWId)have not engaged in HCV care due to a large number of *** about the infection among both PWId and providers remains an important challenge as does discrimination faced by PWId in conventional health care *** providers also remain hesitant to prescribe antiviral therapy due to concerns about adherence and relapse to drug use resulting in ***,however,as a result of improvements in treatment efficacy combined with professional society and government endorsement of HCV treatment for PWId,a pressing need exists to develop strategies to engage these individuals into HCV *** this article,we propose several strategies that can be pursued in an attempt to engage PWId into HCV *** advocate that multidisciplinary approaches that utilize health care practitioners from a wide range of specialties,as well as co-localization of medical services,are strategies likely to result in increased numbers of PWId entering into HCV *** of HCV therapy after stabilization through drug treatment is an additional strategy likely to increase PWId engagement into HCV *** full impact of direct acting antivirals for HCV will only be realized if innovative approaches are pursued to engage all HCV infected individuals into treatment.

关键词： Treatment of hepatitis C Viral infection Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus coinfection Persons who inject drugs Obstacles to treatment

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Baie Verte石棉湿法加工厂

国外非金属矿与宝石 1990年第5期 13-15页

作者： P.Stewart G.French d.anthony 陈贤国

在进行全面的可行性研究后,在 Baie Verte 矿正在建设一个回收温石棉的湿法加工厂,预计90年6月11日正式投产。近期内主要处理干法线上的尾矿,以后扩展到回收已堆积了26年之久的尾矿中的纤维,以充分利用资源并改善环境。从健康、安全、... 详细信息

在进行全面的可行性研究后,在 Baie Verte 矿正在建设一个回收温石棉的湿法加工厂,预计90年6月11日正式投产。近期内主要处理干法线上的尾矿,以后扩展到回收已堆积了26年之久的尾矿中的纤维,以充分利用资源并改善环境。从健康、安全、材料处理、纤维质量与石棉水泥制品的质量等方面而言,粒化的石棉产品具有优越性。此外,正在建设的 Beie Verie 加工厂的湿法工艺生产成本低,具有广泛的推广应用前景。由于日益严重的环保问题,湿法工艺将是石棉工业的发展方向。（共3页)

关键词：石棉选矿湿法加工厂

Uncertainty quantification in the Permian Basin using conventional and modified bootstrap methodology

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Petroleum Research 2023年第4期8卷 439-454页

作者： Chukwuemeka O.Okoli scott d.Goddard Obadare O.Awoleke department of Petroleum Engineering University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks99775AlaskaUSA National Energy Technology Laboratory 1450 Queen Avenue SWAlbany97321OregonUSA department of Mathematics&Statistics University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks99775AlaskaUSA

Various uncertainty quantification methodologies are presented using a combination of several deter-ministic decline curve analysis models and two bootstrapping *** probabilistic models are applied to 126 sample wells from the Permian *** are presented for 12-72 months of pro-duction hindcast given an average well production history of 103 *** on the coverage rate and the forecast error(with the coverage rate being more significant in our choice of the best probabilistic models)and using up to one-half of the available production history for a group of sample wells from the Permian Basin,we find that the CBM-SEPd combination is the best probabilistic model for the Central Basin Platform,the MBM-Arps combination is the best probabilistic model for the delaware Basin,the CBM-Arps is the best probabilistic model for the Midland Basin,and the best probabilistic model for the overall Permian Basin is the CBM-Arps when early time data is used as hindcast and CBM-SEPd for when one-quarter to one-half of the data is used as *** three-quarters or more of the available production history is used for analysis,the MBM-SEPd probabilistic model is the best combination in terms of both coverage rate and forecast error for all the sub-basins in the *** novelty of this work lies in its extension of bootstrapping methods to other decline curve analysis *** work also offers the engineer guidance on the best choice of probabilistic model whilst attempting to forecast production from the Permian Basin.

关键词： Uncertainty quantification Machine learning Bootstrapping Reservoir forecasting Frequentist probabilistic models

Visual Basic 4多媒体开发工具

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Wintering Swan Geese maximize energy intake through substrate foraging depth when feeding on buried Vallisneria natans tubers

1997年

作者：（美）scott Jarol anthony Potts

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 163-170页

作者： Yan Chen Yong Zhang Lei Cao Willem F.de Boer anthony d.Fox School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academic of Sciences18 Shuangqing RoadBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Resource Ecology Group Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg3a6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityKalφGrenavej 148410 RφndeDenmark

Background: Foraging theory predicts that animals select patches that offer the highest net rate of energy gain. Hence, prey distribution patterns and spatiotemporal heterogeneity play important roles in determining animal feeding patch selection. For waterfowl foraging on buried aquatic plant tubers, the distribution and biomass of these plant organs vary with depth in the substrate. Since excavation costs also increase with depth, the energy intake of the animals foraging on these plants is highly sediment depth dependent. Methods: Here, using observations of Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides) foraging on Vallisneria natans tubers, we test our hypothesis that geese feeding on tubers buried at intermediate sediment depth maximize their daily energy intake because of the interaction between tuber size and abundance with depth. To do this, we measured the distribution patterns of buried Vallisneria tubers under both undisturbed conditions and post-exploitation by geese (i.e. giving-up conditions). We investigated the relationship between tuber size and burial depth, and total tuber biomass within each sediment layer in undisturbed and exploited plots. Finally, we compared modelled Swan Goose daily energy intake feeding on Vallisneria tubers buried at different sediment layers (1–10, 11–20 and 21–30 cm below the surface). Results: dry weight of Vallisneria tubers linearly increased with burial depth, while average total dry weight density of tubers showed a unimodal relationship, peaking at intermediate levels. Not surprisingly, Swan Geese foraged most intensively on tubers buried at intermediate sediment depths, where they maximize their daily energy intake. Our results support our hypothesis that Swan Geese feeding on tubers at intermediate depths maximize their daily energy intake. Conclusions: Our study is the first to quantify foraging strategies of Swan Geese during the wintering period, emphasizing the importance of plant traits on foraging selection of belowground f

关键词： Energetic trade-off Optimal foraging Shengjin Lake Substrate Tuber burial depth Yangtze River

Ampullary cancer of intestinal origin and duodenal cancer-A logical clinical and therapeutic subgroup in periampullary cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第10期9卷 407-415页

作者： Manju d Chandrasegaram anthony J Gill Jas Samra Tim Price John Chen Jonathan Fawcett Neil d Merrett the Prince Charles Hospital School of Medicine University of Queensland Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Cancer diagnosis and Pathology Group Kolling Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital department of Surgery Royal North Shore Hospital Queen Elizabeth Hospital University of Adelaide Flinders Medical Centre Royal Adelaide Hospital Princess Alexandra Hospital department of Upper GI Surgery Bankstown Hospital discipline of Surgery Western Sydney University

Periampullary cancers include pancreatic, ampullary, biliary and duodenal cancers. At presentation, the majority of periampullary tumours have grown to involve the pancreas, bile duct, ampulla and duodenum. This can result in difficulty in defining the primary site of origin in all but the smallest tumors due to anatomical proximity and architectural distortion. This has led to variation in the reported proportions of resected periampullary cancers. Pancreatic cancer is the most common cancer resected with a pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by ampullary(16%-50%), bile duct(5%-39%), and duodenal cancer(3%-17%). Patients with resected duodenal and ampullary cancers have a better reported median survival(29-47 mo and 22-54 mo) compared to pancreatic cancer(13-19 mo). The poorer survival with pancreatic cancer relates to differences in tumour characteristics such as a higher incidence of nodal, neural and vascular invasion. While small ampullary cancers can present early with biliary obstruction, pancreatic cancers need to reach a certain size before biliary obstruction ensues. This larger size at presentation contributes to a higher incidence of resection margin involvement in pancreatic cancer. Ampullary cancers can be subdivided into intestinal or pancreatobiliary subtype cancers with histomolecular staining. This avoids relying on histomorphology alone, as even some poorly differentiated cancers preserve the histomolecular profile of their mucosa of origin. Histomolecular profiling is superior to anatomic location in prognosticating survival. Ampullary cancers of intestinal subtype and duodenal cancers are similar in their intestinal origin and form a logical clinical and therapeutic subgroup of periampullary cancers. They respond to 5-FU based chemotherapeutic regimens such as capecitabine-oxaliplatin. Unlike pancreatic cancers, KRAS mutation occurs in only approximately a third of ampullary and duodenal cancers. Future clinical trials should group ampullary cancer

关键词： Periampullary cancer Pancreatobiliary subtype Intestinal subtype Ampullary cancer duodenal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor Pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy Pancreaticoduodenectomy KRAS

Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9240-9255页

作者： Teresa R scott Victoria T Kronsten Robin d Hughes debbie L Shawcross Institute of Liver Studies King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital King’s College Hospital London SE5 9RS United Kingdom

Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure(ALF)and may be associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and *** ALF,some patients may develop cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure but progression to lifethreatening intracranial hypertension is less frequent than previously described,complicating less than one third of cases who have proceeded to coma since the advent of improved clinical *** rapid onset of encephalopathy may be dramatic with the development of asterixis,delirium,seizures and *** and vasogenic oedema mechanisms have been implicated with a preponderance of experimental data favouring a cytotoxic *** swelling is the most consistent neuropathological finding in humans with ALF and ammonia plays a definitive role in the development of cytotoxic brain *** mechanism(s)by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine accumulation within astrocytes has led to the osmolyte *** evidence also supports an alternate‘Trojan horse’hypothesis,with glutamine as a carrier of ammonia into mitochondria,where its accumulation results in oxidative stress,energy failure and ultimately astrocyte *** a complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human ALF,increased permeation to water and other small molecules such as ammonia has been demonstrated resulting from subtle alterations in the protein composition of paracellular tight *** present,there is no fully efficacious therapy for cerebral oedema other than liver transplantation and this reflects our incomplete knowledge of the precise mechanisms underlying this process which remain largely unknown.

关键词： Cerebral oedema Acute liver failure Ammonia Hepatic encephalopathy Intracranial pressure Intracranial hypertension Cerebral blood flow

Ethical challenges in mass drug administration for reducing childhood mortality:a qualitative study

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2022年第5期11卷 93-94页

作者： Ahmed Alasmar Alex C.Kong anthony d.So Matthew deCamp 不详 division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Bioethics and Humanities Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus13080 E.19th AveMail Stop B137AuroraCO 80045USA

Background:Mass drug administration(MdA)of medications to entire at-risk communities or populations has shown promise in the control and elimination of global infectious *** of the broad-spectrum antibiotic azithromycin has demonstrated the potential to reduce childhood mortality in children at risk of premature death in some global ***,MdA of antibiotics raises complex ethical challenges,including weighing near-term benefts against longer-term risks—particularly the development of antimicrobial resistance that could diminish antibiotic efectiveness for current or future *** aim of this study was to understand how key actors involved in MdA perceive the ethical challenges of ***:We conducted 35 semi-structured interviews from december 2020–February 2022 with investigators,funders,bioethicists,research ethics committee members,industry representatives,and others from both highincome countries(HICs)and low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Interview participants were identifed via one of seven MdA studies purposively chosen to represent diversity in terms of use of the antibiotic azithromycin;use of a primary mortality endpoint;and whether the study occurred in a high child mortality *** were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory ***:The most frequently discussed ethical challenges related to meaningful community engagement,how to weigh risks and benefts,and the need to target MdA We developed a concept map of how participants considered ethical issues in MdA for child mortality;it emphasizes MdA’s place alongside other public health interventions,empowerment,and *** over an ethical double standard in weighing risks and benefts emerged as a unifying theme,albeit one that participants interpreted in radically diferent *** thought MdA for reducing child mortality was ethically obligatory;others suggested it was ***:Ethical challenges raised by MdA of antib

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance decolonizing global health Mass drug administration Child mortality Ethics Global health equity

Transanal total mesorectal excision:Towards standardization of technique

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第44期21卷 12686-12695页

作者： Albert M Wolthuis Gabriele Bislenghi anthony de Buck van Overstraeten André d'Hoore department of Abdominal Surgery University Hospital Leuven

AIM: To describe the role of Transanal total mesorectal excision(Ta TME) in minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery, to examine the differences in patient selection and in reported surgical techniques and their impactson postoperative outcomes and to discuss the future of Ta TME. METHOdS: MEdLINE(Pub Med), EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched through the 1st of March 2015 using a predefined search strategy. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies with 323 patients were included. Most studies were single-arm prospective studies with fewer than 100 patients. Multiple transanal access platforms were used, and the laparoscopic approach was either multi- or single port. The procedure was initiated transanally or transabdominally. If a simultaneous approach with 2 operating surgeons was chosen, the operative time was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Ta TME was also associated with better TME specimens and a longer distal resection margin. Ta TME is thus feasible in expert hands, but the learning curve and safety profile are not well defined. Longterm follow-up regarding anal function and oncological outcomes should be performed in the future.

关键词： Laparoscopy Colorectal surgery Rectal cancer Total