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Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon boreal forest

Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： Charles J.KREbS Alice J.KENNEY b.scott GILbERT Rudy bOONSTRA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renewable Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

baseline studies of small rodent populations in undisturbed ecosystems are *** report here 50 years of mon-itoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American boreal forest,the red-backed vole Clethrionomys *** voles breed in summer,weigh 20–25 g,and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per *** populations have shown consistent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years with the only change being that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that *** the last 25 years,we have measured food resources,predator numbers,and winter weather,and for 1-year social interactions,to estimate their contribution to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overwinter *** these potential limiting factors could contribute to changes in density,and we measured their relative contributions statistically with multiple *** rate of winter decline in density was related to both food supply and winter *** rate of summer increase was related to summer berry crops and white spruce cone *** measure of predator numbers was related to winter or summer changes in vole *** was a large signal of climate change effects in these *** is no density dependence in summer population growth and only a weak one in winter population *** of our results provide a clear understanding of what generates 3–4-year cycles in these voles,and the major missing piece may be an understanding of social interactions at high density.

关键词： boreal forest climate change density dependence population cycles predation winter severity

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The effects of aerated irrigation on soil respiration, oxygen, and porosity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2854-2868页

作者： ZHU Yan miles Dyck CAI Huan-jie SONG Li-bing CHEN Hui Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education/Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China(IWSA) Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G2E3Canada

To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of AI on soil respiration(SR), air-filled porosity(AFP), soil temperature(ST), and oxygen concentrations(OCC). Total soil respiration(TSR), biological activity temperature index(bAT), and soil oxygen consumption(OCS) based on SR, ST, and OCC, respectively, were subsequently calculated to explore the relationships between TSR, bAT, OCS, OCC, and AFP. Greenhouse-based experiments included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI(CK), during the tomato growing season in the fall of 2015. The results showed that compared with CK, AI treatment significantly increased OCC and AFP(by 16 and 7.4%, respectively), as well as TSR and OCS(by 24.21 and 22.91%, respectively)(PbAT was controlled, partial correlations between TSR, OCS, OCC, and AFP were all significant in the AI treatment but not in the CK treatment. TSR was more sensitive to the interaction effects of OCC, OCS, AFP, and bAT under the AI treatment. Thus, the significantly increased TSR with AI appeared to be due to the favorable soil aeration conditi ons(higher OCC and AFP). Furthermore, the improvements in soil aeration conditions and respiration with AI appeared to facilitate the improvement in fruit yields, which also suggests the economic benefits of AI.

关键词： aerated irrigation soil respiration soil oxygen yield tomato

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Modeling temperature and moisture dependent emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from drying dairy cow manure

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第2期5卷 280-286页

作者： Enzhu HU Pakorn SUTITARNNONTR Markus TULLER scott b.JONES Institute of Resources and Environmental Sciences School of Metallurgy Northeastern University Department of Plants Soils and Climate Utah State University Department of Soil Water and Environmental Science The University of Arizona

Greenhouse gas emissions due to biological degradation processes of animal wastes are significant sources of air pollution from agricultural areas. The major environmental controls on these microbe-induced gas fluxes are temperature and moisture content. The objective of this study was to model the effects of temperature and moisture content on emissions of CO2 and CH4 during the ambient drying process of dairy manure under controlled conditions. Gas emissions were continuously recorded over 15 d with paired fully automated closed dynamic chambers coupled with a Fourier Transformed Infrared gas analyzer. Water content and temperature were measured and monitored with capacitance sensors. In addition, on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, p H, moisture content, dissolved organic carbon and total carbon(TC) were determined. An empirical model derived from the Arrhenius equation confirmed high dependency of carbon emissions on temperature and moisture content. Results indicate that for the investigated dairy manure, 6.83% of TC was lost in the form of CO2 and 0.047% of TC was emitted as *** the effect of temperature, the moisture contents associated with maximum gas emissions were estimated as0.75 and 0.79 g$g–1 for CO2 and CH4, respectively.

关键词： carbon dioxide dairy manure methane moisture temperature

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Identification and mapping of Rpi-blb4 in diploid wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum

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The Crop Journal 2023年第6期11卷 1828-1835页

作者： Jie Li Amanpreet Kaur brian Harrower miles Armstrong Daolong Dou Xiaodan Wang Ingo Hein Department of Plant Pathology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK University of Dundee Dundee DD14HNUK Crop Research Centre TeagascOakParkCarlow R93 XE12Ireland College of Plant Protection Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina

More than 170 years after causing the potato famine in Ireland,late blight is still considered one of the most devastating crop *** potato breeding efforts depend on natural sources of resistance to protect crops from the rapidly evolving late blight pathogen,Phytophthora *** have identified and mapped a novel broad-spectrum disease resistance gene effective against *** from the wild,diploid potato species Solanum *** resistance gene enrichment sequencing(dRenSeq)was used to confirm the uniqueness of the identified *** and GenSeq-based mapping of the resistance,referred to as Rpi-blb4,alongside recombinant screening,positioned the locus responsible for the resistance to potato chromosome *** interval spans approximately 2.3 Mb and corresponds to the DM reference genome positions of 11.25 and 13.56 Mb.

关键词： Renseq Disease resistance Late blight Solanum bulbocastanum

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Efficient Convex Optimization Approaches to Variational Image Fusion

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2014年第2期7卷 234-250页

作者： Jing Yuan brandon miles Greg Garvin Xue-Cheng Tai Aaron Fenster Medical Imaging Lab Robarts Research InstituteUniversity of Western OntarioLondon ONCanada N6A 5B7 Department of Medical Imaging St Jospeh’s HealthCareLondon ONCanada Department of Mathematics University of BergenBergenNorway

Image fusion is an imaging technique to visualize information from multiple imaging sources in one single image,which is widely used in remote sensing,medical imaging *** this work,we study two variational approaches to image fusion which are closely related to the standard TV-L_(2) and TV-L_(1) image approximation *** investigate their convex optimization formulations,under the perspective of primal and dual,and propose their associated new image decomposition *** addition,we consider the TV-L_(1) based image fusion approach and study the specified problem of fusing two discrete-constrained images f_(1)(x)∈L_(1) and f_(2)(x)∈L_(2),where L_(1) and L_(2) are the sets of linearly-ordered discrete *** prove that the TV-L_(1) based image fusion actually gives rise to the exact convex relaxation to the corresponding nonconvex image fusion constrained by the discretevalued set u(x)∈L_(1)∪L_(2).This extends the results for the global optimization of the discrete-constrained TV-L_(1) image approximation[8,36]to the case of image *** a big numerical advantage of the two proposed dual models,we show both of them directly lead to new fast and reliable algorithms,based on modern convex optimization *** with medical images,remote sensing images and multi-focus images visibly show the qualitative differences between the two studied variational models of image *** also apply the new variational approaches to fusing 3D medical images.

关键词： Convex optimization primal-dual programming combinatorial optimization totalvariation regularization image fusion

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Electromagnetic induction mapping at varied soil moisture reveals field-scale soil textural patterns and gravel lenses

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017年第2期4卷 135-145页

作者： Hiruy AbDU David A.RObINSON Janis bOETTINGER scott b.JONES biological and Irrigation Engineering Department Utah State University Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Environment Centre Wales Plants Soils and Climate Department Utah State University

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of soil textural properties is important for determining soil moisture storage and soil hydraulic transport *** field heterogeneity without exhaustive sampling and costly sample analysis is difficult. Our objective was to employ electromagnetic induction(EMI) mapping in low apparent electrical conductivity(EC_a) soils at varying soil water contents to capture time invariant properties such as soil texture. Georeferenced EC_ameasurements were taken using a ground conductivity meter on six different days where volumetric water content(θ_v) varied from 0.11 to 0.23. The 50 m × 50 m field included a subsurface gravelly patch in an otherwise homogeneous silt-loam alluvial *** block kriging predicted EC_aat unsampled areas to produce 1-m resolution maps. Temporal stability analysis was used to divide the field into three distinct EC_a regions. Subsequent ground-truthing confirmed the lowest conductivity region correlated with coarse textured soil parent materials associated with a former high-energy alluvial depositional area. Combining maps using temporal stability analysis gives the clearest image of the textural difference. These maps could be informative for modeling,experimental design, sensor placement and targeted zone management strategies in soil science, ecology, hydrology,and agricultural applications.

关键词： soil electrical conductivity soil texture mapping temporal stability analysis

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Detecting Sorghum Plant and Head Features from Multispectral UAV Imagery

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Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 337-350页

作者： Yan Zhao bangyou Zheng scott CChapman Kenneth Laws barbara George-Jaeggli Graeme LHammer David RJordan Andries b.Potgieter The University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationCentre for Crop ScienceGattonQueensland 4343Australia CSIRO Agriculture and Food St.LuciaQueensland 4072Australia The University of Queensland School of Agriculture and Food SciencesSt.LuciaQueensland 4072Australia Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Agri-Science QueenslandWarwickQueensland 4370Australia

In plant breeding,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)carrying multispectral cameras have demonstrated increasing utility for high-throughput phenotyping(HTP)to aid the interpretation of genotype and environment effects on morphological,biochemical,and physiological traits.A key constraint remains the reduced resolution and quality extracted from“stitched”mosaics generated from UAV missions across large *** can be addressed by generating high-quality reflectance data from a single nadir image per *** this study,a pipeline was developed to derive reflectance data from raw multispectral UAV images that preserve the original high spatial and spectral resolutions and to use these for phenotyping *** steps involved(i)imagery calibration,(ii)spectral band alignment,(iii)backward calculation,(iv)plot segmentation,and(v)*** step was designed and optimised to estimate the number of plants and count sorghum heads within each breeding *** a derived nadir image of each plot,the coefficients of determination were 0.90 and 0.86 for estimates of the number of sorghum plants and heads,***,the reflectance information acquired from the different spectral bands showed appreciably high discriminative ability for sorghum head colours(i.e.,red and white).Deployment of this pipeline allowed accurate segmentation of crop organs at the canopy level across many diverse field plots with minimal training needed from machine learning approaches.

关键词： breeding backward Plant

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Towards integrated photonic interposers for processing octave-spanning microresonator frequency combs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第6期10卷 1099-1111页

作者： Ashutosh Rao Gregory Moille Xiyuan Lu Daron A.Westly Davide Sacchetto Michael Geiselmann Michael Zervas scott b.Papp John bowers Kartik Srinivasan Physical Measurement Laboratory Microsystems and Nanotechno logy DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Maryland NanoCenter University of MarylandCollege Park 20742 MDUSA Joint Quantum Institute NIST/University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Ligentec EPFL Innovation ParkBatiment CLausanneSwitzerland Physical Measurement Laboratory Time and Frequency DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyBoulderCO 80305USA Department of Physics University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Microcombs-optical frequency combs generated in microresonators-have advanced tremendously in the past decade,and are advantageous for applications in frequency metrology,navigation,spectroscopy,telecommunications,and microwave ***,microcombs promise fully integrated miniaturized optical systems with unprecedented reductions in cost,size,weight,and ***,the use of bulk free-space and fiber-optic comp on ents to process microcombs has restricted form factors to the *** microcomb-based optical frequency synthesis around 1550 nm as our target application,here,we address this challenge by proposing an integrated photonics interposer architecture to replace discrete components by collecting,routing,and interfacing octave-wide microcomb-based optical signals between photonic chiplets and heterogeneously integrated ***,we con firm the requisite performa nee of the individual passive elements of the proposed interposer一octave-wide dichroics,multimode interferometers,and tunable ring filters,and implement the octave-spanning spectral filteri ng of a microcomb,central to the in terposer,using silicon n itride phot ***,we show that the thick silicon nitride needed for bright dissipative Kerr soliton generation can be integrated with the comparatively thin silicon nitride interposer layer through octave-bandwidth adiabatic evanescent coupling,indicating a path towards future system-level *** ally,we numerically confirm the feasibility of operating the proposed in terposer synthesizer as a fully assembled *** interposer architecture addresses the immediate need for on-chip microcomb processing to successfully miniaturize microcomb systems and can be readily adapted to other metrology-grade applications based on optical atomic clocks and high-precision navigation and spectroscopy.

关键词： resonator interferometer synthesizer

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Unsupervised learning of load signatures to estimate energy-related building features using surrogate modelling techniques

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building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1273-1286页

作者： Shane Ferreira burak Gunay Araz Ashouri scott Shillinglaw Carleton University OttawaK1S 5B6Canada National Research Council Canada OttawaK1A 0R6Canada

Characterization of an existing building’s energy-related features is critical to inform maintenance and retrofit ***,existing field-scale characterization methods tend to be labour intensive,invasive,and require high fidelity longitudinal data gathered through tightly regulated *** highlights the need for a low cost,scalable,and efficient screening *** paper puts forward a surrogate model-based approach to rapidly estimate energy-related building *** this end,EnergyPlus models for 12 midrise office archetypes,all with a rectangular footprint,are *** thousand variants of each archetype are generated by altering envelope,causal heat gain,and heating,ventilation,and air conditioning operation features.A unique load signature is derived for each variant’s heating and cooling energy *** parameters of the load signatures are clustered,then each cluster is associated with a set of plausible energy-related *** accuracy of the results was evaluated using five test buildings not seen by the *** method could effectively identify building features with reasonable accuracy and no significant degradation in performance across all 12 archetypes.

关键词： remote characterization energy-related building features surrogate modelling cluster analysis

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Medically tailored meals for the management of symptomatic ascites:the SALTYFOOD pilot randomized clinical trial

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第6期8卷 453-456,I0002页

作者： Elliot b.Tapper Jad baki Samantha Nikirk scott Hummel Sumeet K.Asrani Anna SLok Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Gastroenterology Section VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA Department of biostatistics University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA baylor University Medical Center DallasTXUSA

background:Ascites is a costly,morbid complication of *** a low-sodium diet is central to the clinical management of ascites,its efficacy is limited by poor *** aimed to determine the feasibility and impact of lowsodium medically tailored meals(MTM)***:We enrolled 40 persons with cirrhosis and ascites at the time of a paracentesis in a 12-week,1:1 randomized trial of standard of care(SOC)(low-sodiumdiet educational handout)or MTM with2,100 kcal,and>80 g of protein including a nocturnal protein *** determined the proportion of eligible candidates recruited and adherence to *** primary outcome was the number of paracenteses performed during weeks *** also collected ascites-specific quality-of-life(ASI-7)***:The median age of the enrolled subjects was 54(IQR,47-63)years,46%were female,with median MELD-Na 18(IQR,11-23)and albumin 2.7(IQR,2.5-3.3)g/*** baseline,subjects reported a median of two(IQR,1-3)paracenteses in the prior 4 *** to the meal schedule was excellent save for when hospitalizations *** 12 weeks,patients in the MTM arm required fewer paracenteses per week than those in the SOC group[median(IQR):0.34(0.14-0.54)vs 0.45(0.25-0.64)].During the trial,four(20%)SOC patients died,whereas two(10%)died and one(5%)was transplanted in the MTM ***-specific quality of life improved to a greater degree in the MTM arm compared to the SOC arm,by 25%(IQR,-11%to 61%)vs 13%(IQR,-28%to 54%).Conclusion:A trial of MTM for persons with ascites is feasible and potentially *** arms experienced benefits,highlighting the role for improved education and closer monitoring in this challenging condition.

关键词： cirrhosis ascites paracentesis sodium

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