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世界观

中国国家旅游 2024年第7期 12-21页

作者：王永和(摄影) [美国]scott Gregg(摄影) [比利时]Giu Behringer(摄影) 张瀚清(摄影) 李松松(摄影) 袁雅琨(摄影) 不详

冲刺瞬间内蒙古东部通辽市奈曼旗的沙漠中,骆驼在沙丘间跋涉,忠诚的猎犬与它们形影不离。我提前观察地形,预测驼群出现的位置,选择了逆光侧拍。骆驼和猎犬的轮廓被光影巧妙地勾勒出来,营造出深邃的画面质感。通过使用高速连拍技术,我成... 详细信息

冲刺瞬间内蒙古东部通辽市奈曼旗的沙漠中,骆驼在沙丘间跋涉,忠诚的猎犬与它们形影不离。我提前观察地形,预测驼群出现的位置,选择了逆光侧拍。骆驼和猎犬的轮廓被光影巧妙地勾勒出来,营造出深邃的画面质感。通过使用高速连拍技术,我成功地定格了这些精彩瞬间,让沙漠中的活力与激情得以永恒留存。

关键词：内蒙古东部精彩瞬间猎犬世界观骆驼通辽市奈曼旗沙漠

Transaction costs for collaboration in the watershed management of the Cuyahoga River Area of Concern

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 146-156页

作者： scott Daniel HARDY Ohio Sea Grant The Ohio State UniversityColumbus43212USA

This study examines the transaction costs of collaborative watershed management in the Cuyahoga River Area of Concern(AOC)—one of the 43 geographic areas designated by the *** Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement(GLWQA),where significant impairment of beneficial uses has occurred as a result of human *** Cuyahoga River is located in Northeast Ohio,the *** flows through the City of Cleveland before draining into Lake Erie—one of the five Great Lakes of North *** watershed is degraded due to municipal and agricultural discharges,streambank erosion,and contamination from urban and industrial *** research explores how a diverse group of stakeholders convened under the Cuyahoga River AOC Advisory Committee to share information,coordinate activities,agree on activities that restore beneficial uses,and support strategic management *** this study,23 semi-structured interviews with members of the advisory committee were conducted between January 28,2020 and April 20,2020,with follow-up emails and phone calls as needed to corroborate information.A review of research articles and government documents supported the interviews,including United States Environmental Protection Agency(***)and Ohio Environment Production Agency(OEPA)reports on the GLWQA and Cuyahoga River Remedial Action Plans.A third source of data is from direct participant observation at quarterly meetings of the advisory committee during 2017–2020,binational AOC conferences in 2017 and 2019,and other professional events geared towards restoring the Cuyahoga River AOC in 2016–*** of this study include a set of recommendations to help guide group structure and decision-making processes,including(1)employing best available technology to organize AOC events and disseminate information;(2)supporting new members with an orientation and/or mentor to clearly define formal and informal committee rules;(3)assuring equal access to detailed information on managem

关键词： Environmental policy Watershed management Transaction costs Collaboration Sustainability Great Lakes

Fire occurrence in relation to bamboo dominance in the Qinling Mountains of China: Evidence from phytolith and charcoal records in Holocene sediments

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第7期58卷 1182-1190页

作者： Courtney Marie RAYLE scott B.FRANKLIN LU ZhiJun School of Biological Sciences University of Northern Colorado Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology the Chinese Academy of Sciences

he internal genetic clock of semelparous mast-flowering bamboo species creates gregarious regions of flowering and death, thus leading to fuel-load accumulation that potentially promotes fire（Fire-Cycle Hypothesis）. Higher abundance of bamboo could be expected to provide greater fuel loads after flowering. Here, we investigated the possible link between bamboo dominance and fire occurrence. As the main food source for the giant panda in the Qinling Mountains of China, Bashania fargesii（Farges Canebrake） and Fargesia qinlingensis（Arrow Bamboo） dominate lower（1000–1900 m） and higher elevations（1800–2700 m）, respectively. Four soil profiles（elevation ranging from 1240 to 2170 m） in areas of known recent bamboo flowering events（~1980） and adjacent non-flowering sites were assessed for phytoliths and charcoal. Characteristic phytoliths were chosen to describe bamboo dynamics, and charcoal particles were extracted from the soil to reconstruct fire history. Carbon 14 dating of soil charcoal samples was conducted using an accelerator mass spectrometry technique. In addition, we chose two depths（28–52 and 90–100 cm） in one Bashania profile（B. fargesii forest） and one Fargesia profile（F. qinlingensis forest） for phytolith dating. Our findings indicate that bamboo has been a dominant component of these ecosystems almost for the entire profile; some 6400 yrs for Bashania and ca. 10000 yrs for the Fargesia. It is also clear from the charcoal and phytolith data that bamboo abundance and recent mast flowering were significantly related to fire occurrence for lower elevation Bashania while the higher elevation Fargesia was not. One of the four profiles had chronological charcoal records throughout and the oldest charcoal aged was ~1410 yr BP, suggesting an anthropogenic origin. The mixing of phytolith and charcoal made it unrealistic to describe temporal dynamics of bamboo and fire events, and thus our interpretation is cognizant of the dating discrepancies and conservative（less-sp

关键词： bamboo dynamics Bashania Fargesia fire cycle hypothesis phytolith Qinling Mountains

Barriers to Insurance as a Flood Risk Management Tool:Evidence from a Survey of Property Owners

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第3期11卷 263-273页

作者： Jason Thistlethwaite Daniel Henstra Craig Brown Daniel scott School of Environment Enterprise and DevelopmentUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Political Science University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Climate Change and Health Adaptation Planning Vancouver Coastal HealthVancouverBC V5Z 4C2Canada Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

By using risk-adjusted price signals to transfer responsibility for property-level flood protection and recovery from governments to property owners,flood insurance represents a key tenet of the flood risk management(FRM)*** Government of Canada has worked with insurers to introduce flood insurance for the first time as a part of a broader shift towards FRM to limit the growing costs of *** viability of flood insurance in Canada,however,has been questioned by research that disputes the utility of purchasing coverage by property *** study tested this assumption by drawing on public opinion survey data to assess factors that influence decisions about the utility of *** findings reveal that Canadians have limited knowledge of flood insurance coverage,exhibit a low willingness-to-pay for both insurance and property-level flood protection measures,and expect governments to shoulder much of the financial burden of flood recovery through disaster assistance.

关键词： Flood insurance Flood risk management Risk-sharing Willingness-to-pay

Effect of Planting Date on Yield and Yield Components of Grain Sorghum Hybrids

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A generalized ODE susceptible-infectious-susceptible compartmental model with potentially periodic behavior

American Journal of Plant Sciences（美国植物学期刊） 2024年第5期 387页

作者： Bandiougou Diawara Sory Diallo Brahima Traore scott Staggenbord Vara Prasad

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第4期8卷 1190-1202页

作者： scott Greenhalgh Anna Dumas Department of Mathematics Siena College515 Loudon RoadLoudonvilleNY12211USA

Differential equation compartmental models are crucial tools for forecasting and analyzing disease *** these models,those dealing with only susceptible and infectious individuals are particularly useful as they offer closed-form expressions for solutions,namely the logistic ***,the logistic equation has limited ability to describe disease trajectories since its solutions must converge monotonically to either the diseasefree or endemic equilibrium,depending on the ***,many diseases exhibit periodic cycles,and thus,do not converge to *** address this limitation,we developed a generalized susceptible-infectious-susceptible compartmental model capable of accurately incorporating the duration of infection distribution and describing both periodic and non-periodic disease *** characterized how our model's parameters influence its behavior and applied the model to predict gonorrhea incidence in the US,using Akaike Information Criteria to inform on its merit relative to the traditional SIS *** significance of our work lies in providing a novel susceptible-infectedsusceptible model whose solutions can have closed-form expressions that may be periodic or non-periodic depending on the *** work thus provides disease modelers with a straightforward way to investigate the potential periodic behavior of many diseases and thereby may aid ongoing efforts to prevent recurrent outbreaks.

关键词： Infectious period Duration of infection Gonorrhea Integral equations Differential equations

Experimental Analysis of Atypically Long Finned Oscillating Heat Pipe for Ventilation Waste Heat Recovery Application

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第3期29卷 667-675页

作者： MAHAJAN Govinda CHO Heejin SMITH Aaron THOMPSON scott M. Rheem Manufacturing MontgomeryAL 36109USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMsissippi StateMS 39762USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAubumnAL 36849USA

Oscillating heat pipes(OHP)which are constructed from a serpentine-arranged capillary tube possess a desirable aerodynamic form factor and provide for relatively high heat transfer rates via cyclic evaporation and condensation of an encapsulated working fluid with no internal wicking structure *** last two decades,OHP has been extensively investigated for its potential application in thermal management of various *** study presents an experimental investigation on the heat transfer performance of an atypically long finned *** heat transfer performance of the proposed OHP was analyzed and compared with a bare tube OHP with similar overall *** show that a unit row of finned OHP filled with n-pentane with fill ratio of 70%can recover up to(400±40)W of heat from a typical waste exhaust air *** additional pressure drop due to fins was estimated to be(6.8±2)Pa resulting in an increase of 1–2 W of fan power *** average heat recovery rate via finned OHP was found to be almost 80%more than bare tube OHP filled with same working fluid with same fill ratio.

关键词： oscillating heat pipe waste heat recovery ventilation

A Generic Model to Estimate Wheat LAI over Growing Season Regardless of the Soil-Type Background

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第2期5卷 333-352页

作者： Qiaomin Chen Bangyou Zheng Karine Chenu scott C.Chapman School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia Agriculture and Food CSIROQueensland Bioscience PrecinctSt LuciaQLDAustralia The University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationToowoombaQLDAustralia

It is valuable to develop a generic model that can accurately estimate the leaf area index(LAI)of wheat from unmanned aerial vehicle-based multispectral data for diverse soil backgrounds without any ground *** achieve this objective,2 strategies were investigated to improve our existing random forest regression(RFR)model,which was trained with simulations from a radiative transfer model(PROSAIL).The 2 strategies consisted of(a)broadening the reflectance domain of soil background to generate training data and(b)finding an appropriate set of indicators(band reflectance and/or vegetation indices)as inputs of the RFR *** RFR models were tested in diverse soils representing varying soil types in *** analysis indicated that adopting both strategies resulted in a generic model that can provide accurate estimation for wheat LAI and is resistant to changes in soil *** validation on 2 years of field trials,this model achieved high prediction accuracy for LAI over the entire crop cycle(LAI up to 7 m^(2)m^(−2))(root mean square error(RMSE):0.23 to 0.89 m^(2)m^(−2)),including for sparse canopy(LAI less than 0.3 m^(2)m^(−2))grown on different soil types(RMSE:0.02 to 0.25 m^(2)m^(−2)).The model reliably captured the seasonal pattern of LAI dynamics for different treatments in terms of genotypes,plant densities,and water–nitrogen managements(correlation coefficient:0.82 to 0.98).With appropriate adaptations,this framework can be adjusted to any type of sensors to estimate various traits for various species(including but not limited to LAI of wheat)in associated disciplines,e.g.,crop breeding,precision agriculture,etc.

关键词： soil Wheat breeding

Local color and morphological image feature based vegetation identification and its application to human environment street view vegetation mapping, or how green is our county?

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第3期23卷 222-236,I0003页

作者： Istvan G.Lauko Adam Honts Jacob Beihoff scott Rupprecht Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWIUSA Lubar School of Business University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWIUSA scott Rupprecht Limited Liability Company MilwaukeeWIUSA

Measuring the amount of vegetation in a given area on a large scale has long been accomplished using satellite and aerial imaging *** methods have been very reliable in measuring vegetation coverage accurately at the top of the canopy,but their capabilities are limited when it comes to identifying green vegetation located beneath the canopy *** the amount of urban and suburban vegetation along a street network that is partially beneath the canopy has recently been introduced with the use of Google Street View(GSV)images,made accessible by the Google Street View Image *** green vegetation through the use of GSV images can provide a comprehensive representation of the amount of green vegetation found within geographical regions of higher population density,and it facilitates an analysis performed at the *** this paper we propose a fine-tuned color based image filtering and segmentation technique and we use it to define and map an urban green environment *** deployed this image processing method and,using GSV images as a high-resolution GIS data source,we computed and mapped the green index of Milwaukee County,a 3,082 km^(2) urban/suburban county in *** approach generates a high-resolution street-level vegetation estimate that may prove valuable in urban planning and management,as well as for researchers investigating the correlation between environmental factors and human health outcomes.

关键词： Urban environment mapping greenview index panoramic street view urban landscape urban planning