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Older adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen D.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago v.Barreira John M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 adult Compendium that measured PA in older *** values were computed as the oxygen cost(vO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older ***:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 *** these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older *** developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise MET Older adults

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Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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Life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller Casey L.Egan Tina L.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy K.Latchman Lauren v.Terry Emma D.McLennan Carolina Chavez Emma L.Burrows John W.scott Robyn M.Murphy Henriette van Praag Martin Whitham Mark A.Febbraio Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed clinically significant portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome C.Edelson scott F.D.Edelson John G.Quiles Cyrus v.Edelson Eric M.Montminy Christian L.Horn John P.Magulick Don C.Rockey Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA Department of Medicine Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA John H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of Cook County ChicagoIllinoisUSA Digestive Disease Research Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:Portal hypertension(PH)is a complication of cirrhosis that leads to hepatic *** the portal pressure gradient(PPG)provides valuable information for disease assessment,staging,and *** this study,we aimed to report the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided PPG(EUS-PPG)measurements in a real-world ***:This retrospective analysis included patients at a tertiary care center who underwent EUS-PPG between February 2021 and May *** most common indication was to establish or exclude the diagnosis of cirrhosis,followed by an assessment of surgical risk in the setting of suspected *** demographic and clinical data were collected,and statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t ***:Eighteen patients underwent *** success was achieved in 17 of the 18 *** complications were *** mean scores of Child-Pugh,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium,and Fibrosis-4 scores were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal varices and six with portal hypertensive *** mean PPG was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and five patients exhibited clinically significant PH(CSPH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent concurrent EUS-liver biopsy,which was 100%successful and provided diagnostic histology for all *** PPG data led to changes in the clinical management of 17 ***:EUS-PPG is safe and technically *** Child-Pugh score did not correlate well with the presence of CSPH;however,PPG measurements resulted in changes in the management of almost all *** studies correlating EUS-PPG with other assessments of liver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure gradient

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B lymphocytes regulate airway granulocytic inflammation and cytokine production in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 202-212页

作者： Sumit Ghosh scott A Hoselton scott v Asbach Breanne N Steffan Steve B Wanjara Glenn P Dorsam Jane M Schuh Department of veterinary and Microbiological Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

Sensitization to fungi often leads to a severe form of asthma that is particularly difficult to manage clinically, resulting in increased morbidity and hospitalizations in these patients. Although B lymphocytes might exacerbate asthma symptoms through the production of IgE, these cells might also be important in the protective response against inhaled fungi. Through cytokine release and T-cell interactions, these lymphocytes might also influence the development and maintenance of airway wall fibrosis. JH-/- mice lack the JHgene for the heavy chain component of antibodies, which is critical for B-cell function and survival. These animals have facilitated the elucidation of the role of B iymphocytes in a number of immune responses; however, JH-/- mice have not been used to study fungal allergy. In this study, we examined the role of B lymphocytes using an Aspergillus fumigatus murine fungal aeroallergen model that mimics human airway disease that is triggered by environmental fungal exposure. We compared disease progression in sensitized wild-type BALB/c and JH-/- mice that were exposed to repeated fungal exposure and found no differences in airway hyperresponsiveness, overall pulmonary inflammation or collagen deposition around the large airways. However, the levels of the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly attenuated in the airways of JH-/- mice relative to the BALB/c controls. By contrast, levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-6 were significantly elevated in the JH-/- animals, and there was significantly more robust airway eosinophilia and neutrophilia than in control animals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that B lymphocytes help to regulate granulocytic responses to fungal exDosure in the pulmonary compartment.

关键词： Aspergillus fumigatus B lymphocytes inflammation

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奈妥匹坦帕洛诺司琼预防化疗引起的恶心呕吐:从临床试验到日常临床实践

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中国实用医药 2024年第1期19卷 159-174页

作者： Matti Aapro Karin Jordan Florian scotté Luigi Celio Meinolf Karthaus Eric Roeland Genolier Cancer Centre Clinique de GenolierGenolierSwitzerland Department Haematology Oncology and Palliative CareErnst von Bergmann Klinikum PotsdamPotsdamGermany Department of Medicine v HematologyOncology and RheumatologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Interdisciplinary Cancer Course Department Gustave Roussy Cancer InstituteVillejuifFrance Medical Oncology Unit ASST del GardaDesenzano del Garda(BS)Italy Department of Hematology Oncology and Palliative CareKlinikum NeuperlachMunichGermany Department of Hematology Oncology and Palliative CareKlinikum HarlachingMunichGermany Oregon Health and Sciences University Knight Cancer InstitutePortlandORUSA

化疗引起的恶心呕吐(CINv)是众多抗癌药物治疗中常见的不良事件,不仅会对患者生活质量带来负面影响,还有可能影响化疗效果。目前,指南建议的止吐方案可以预防大部分癌症患者的CINv。但临床医师并不能始终遵循指南建议,患者也常常难以坚... 详细信息

化疗引起的恶心呕吐(CINv)是众多抗癌药物治疗中常见的不良事件,不仅会对患者生活质量带来负面影响,还有可能影响化疗效果。目前,指南建议的止吐方案可以预防大部分癌症患者的CINv。但临床医师并不能始终遵循指南建议,患者也常常难以坚持医师处方的治疗。因此需要采取一些提高指南依从性的方法。奈妥匹坦帕洛诺司琼(NEPA)是首个也是唯一一个固定剂量复方止吐药,由奈妥匹坦(口服)/福奈妥匹坦(静脉给药)与帕洛诺司琼(PALO)组成。NEPA可以联合地塞米松组成三联止吐方案,这是用于高致吐性化疗(HEC)患者和部分中致吐性化疗(MEC)患者预防CINv的推荐方案。因此,NEPA止吐治疗操作简单便捷,可能有助于提高指南依从性。本综述对CINv进行了概括,评价了在临床试验和真实实践中积累的NEPA止吐效果及安全性方面的证据,同时也评价了在关键临床试验之外的环境下,即日常临床环境中使用NEPA进行止吐的初步证据。此外,本文还评述了化疗期间使用NEPA控制恶心症状和提高患者生活质量,这是癌症患者管理中面临的两个大挑战。

关键词：奈妥匹坦帕洛诺司琼化疗引起的恶心呕吐 NK1受体拮抗剂 5-羟色胺-3受体拮抗剂生活质量止吐方案

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Recent introduction of an allodapine bee into Fiji： A new model system for understanding biological invasions by pollinators

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Insect Science 2015年第4期22卷 532-540页

作者： scott v. C. Groom Marika v. Tuiwawa Mark I. Stevens Michael P. Schwarz School of Biological Sciences Flinders University of South Australia GPO Box 2100 SA 5001 Adelaide Australia South Pacific Regional Herbarium University of the South Pacific Suva Fiji South Australian Museum GPO Box 234 SA 5000 School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia

Morphology-based studies have suggested a very depauperate bee fauna for islands in the South West Pacific, and recent genetic studies since have indicated an even smaller endemic fauna with many bee species in this region resulting from human-aided dispersal. These introduced species have the potential to both disrupt native pollinator suites as well as augment crop pollination, but for most species the timings of introduction are unknown. We examined the distribution and nesting biology of the long-tongued bee Braunsapis puangensis that was first recorded from Fiji in 2007. This bee has now become widespread in Fiji and both its local abundance and geographical range are likely to increase dramatically. The impacts of this invasion are potentially enormous for agriculture and native ecosystems, but they also provide opportunities for understanding how social insect species adapt to new environments. We outline the major issues associated with this recent invasion and argue that a long-term monitoring study is needed.

关键词： Allodapini exotic species Fiji long distance dispersal pollinatorcompetition

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 Gev in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton Edward McCary Michael M.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul scott v.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 Gev electron bunches with a 3.4 Gev rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 Gev range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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Genomics of adaptation and acclimation: from field to lab and back

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National Science Review 2020年第1期7卷 128-128页

作者： scott v Edwards Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University

These days, the sequencing of genomes and discovery of genomic regions associated with adaptive differences between populations and species are commonplace. What is less well understood is the role of gene expression ... 详细信息

关键词： Genomics of adaptation and acclimation from field to lab and back

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Biceps femoris long head sarcomere and fascicle length adaptations after 3 weeks of eccentric exercise training

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 43-49页

作者： Patricio A.Pincheira Melissa A.Boswell Martino v.Franchi scott L.Delp Glen A.Lichtwark School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Department of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35122Italy

Background:Eccentric exercise increases muscle fascicle lengths;however,the mechanisms behind this adaptation are still *** study aimed to determine whether biceps femoris long head(BFlh)fascicle length increases in response to 3 weeks of eccentric exercise training are the result of an in-series addition of sarcomeres within the muscle ***:Ten recreationally active participants(age=27±3 years;mass=70±14 kg;height=174±9 cm;mean±SD)completed 3 weeks of Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training on a custom exercise device that was instrumented with load *** collected in vivo sarcomere and muscle fascicle images of the BFlh in 2 regions(central and distal)by using microendoscopy and 3 dimension *** then estimated sarcomere length,sarcomere number,and fascicle length before and after the training ***:Eccentric knee flexion strength increased after the training(15%;padaptations appear to be heterogeneous in the BFlh in response to 3 weeks of NHE *** increase in sarcomere length,rather than the addition of sarcomeres in series,appears to underlie increases in fascicle length in the distal region of the *** mechanism driving regional increases in fascicle and sarcomere length remains unknown,but we speculate that it may be driven by regional changes in the pas sive tension of muscle or connective tis sue adaptations.

关键词： Hamstrings Nordic hamstring exercise Sarcomerogenesis

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Liquid biopsies to predict CDK4/6 inhibitor efficacy and resistance in breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 727-748页

作者： Sasha C.Main David W.Cescon scott v.Bratman Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health NetworkToronto M5G 2C1OntarioCanada Department of Medical Biophysics University of TorontoToronto M5G 1L7OntarioCanada Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoToronto M5S 1A8OntarioCanada Department of Radiation Oncology University of TorontoToronto M5T 1P5OntarioCanada

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6)inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy have transformed the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive(ER+)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative(HER2-)metastatic breast ***,some patients do not respond to this treatment,and patients inevitably develop resistance,such that novel biomarkers are needed to predict primary resistance,monitor treatment response for acquired resistance,and personalize treatment *** the spatial and temporal limitations of tissue biopsy,newly developed liquid biopsy approaches have the potential to uncover biomarkers that can predict CDK4/6 inhibitor efficacy and resistance in breast cancer patients through a simple blood *** on circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)-based liquid biopsy biomarkers of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance have focused primarily on genomic alterations and have failed thus far to identify clear and clinically validated predictive biomarkers,but emerging epigenetic ctDNA methodologies hold promise for further *** present review outlines recent advances and future directions in ctDNA-based biomarkers of CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment response.

关键词： Breast cancer liquid biopsy circulating tumor DNA cell-free DNA CDK4/6 inhibitors resistance mechanisms predictive biomarkers circulating biomarkers

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