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The effects of total ankle replacement on ankle joint mechanics during walking

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第3期6卷 340-345页

作者： Henry Wang scott r.brown Biomechanics Laboratory School of KinesiologyBall State University Sports Performance research Institute New Zealand(SPrINZ) Auckland University of Technology

Background:End-stage ankle arthritis impairs joint function and patients' *** ankle replacement is a surgical procedure to treat severe ankle *** Talaris Anatomic Ankle^(TM)(STAA) was designed to mimic the normal ankle anatomy and flexion/extension of the ankle *** purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an STAA ankle replacement on ankle joint function and mechanics during ***:Five patients with end-stage unilateral ankle arthritis were *** performed level walking in a laboratory setting on 2occasions,prior to and 3 months after the STAA ankle *** Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) hindfoot score was obtained.A 12-camera motion capture system was used to perform walking *** temporo-spatial parameters and ankle joint mechanics were *** Student's t tests and non-parametric Wilcoxon matched tests were performed to examine the differences in biomechanical variables between the pre-and post-surgery walking ***:Compared to the pre-surgical condition,at 3 months of post-STAA surgery,patients experienced greater improvement in AOFAS hindfoot score(p = 0.0001);the STAA ankle demonstrated a 31% increase in ankle joint excursion(p = 0.045),a 22% increase in ankle plantarflexor moment(p = 0.075),a 60% increase in ankle power absorption(p = 0.023),and a 68% increase in ankle power production(p = 0.039).Patients also demonstrated a 26% increase in walking speed(p = 0.005),a 20% increase in stride length(p = 0.013),a 15% decrease in double support time(p = 0.043),and a 5% decrease in total stance time(p = 0.055).Conclusion:Three months after surgeries,the STAA patients experienced improvements in ankle function and gait *** STAA ankle demonstrated improved ankle mechanics during daily activities such as walking.

关键词： Ankle mechanics AOFAS score Arthritis Gait analysis Total ankle replacement Walking

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Estimates of voluntary activation in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:Effects of type of stimulator,number of stimuli,and quantification technique

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 85-93页

作者： Steven A.Garcia Kazandra M.rodriguez scott r.brown riann M.Palmieri-Smith Chandramouli Krishnan School of Kinesiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Neuromuscular and rehabilitation robotics Laboratory(Neurro Lab) Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48108USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Michigan MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA robotics Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Background:Accurate quantification of voluntary activation is important for understanding the extent of quadriceps dysfunction in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLr).Voluntary activation has been quantified using both percent activation derived from the interpolated twitch technique and central activation ratio(CAr)derived from the burst superimposition technique,as well as by using different types of electrical stimulators and pulse train ***,it is unclear how these parameters affect voluntary activation estimates in individuals with *** study was performed to fill this important knowledge gap in the anterior cruciate ligament ***:Quadriceps strength and voluntary activation were examined in 18 ACLr participants(12 quadriceps/patellartendon graft,6 hamstring tendon graft;time since ACLr:1.06±0.82 years,mean±SD)at 90°of knee flexion using 2 stimulators(Digitimer and Grass)and pulse train conditions(3-pulse and 10-pulse).Voluntary activation was quantified by calculating both CAr and percent ***:results indicated that voluntary activation was significantly overestimated by CAr when compared with percent activation(pry activation estimates were not affected by pulse train conditions when using percent activation;however,3-pulse stimuli resulted in greater overestimation than 10-pulse stimuli when using CAr(p=0.003).Voluntary activation did not differ between stimulators(p>0.05);however,the Digitimer evoked greater torque at rest than the Grass(presults indicate that percent activation derived from the interpolated twitch technique provides superior estimates of voluntary activation than CAr derived from burst superimposition and is less affected by pulse train conditions or stimulators in individuals with ACLr.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament Central activation Inhibition Knee strength Triplet Twitch interpolation

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Habitat selection and dispersal: individual decision rules

Habitat selection and dispersal: individual decision rules

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23rd International Ornithological Congress

作者： Charles r.brown scott K.robinson Dept. of Biological Sciences Univ. of Tulsa Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA Dept. of Animal Biology Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA

＜正＞ recent research has demonstrated the existence of generalized decision rules used by a variety of birds in choosing breeding habitat. These processes fall broadly into two classes: those based on how an individual itself performs during reproduction and those based on its assessment of how other individuals of the same species perform. The former includes cases in which birds base breeding dispersal and subsequent settlement decisions on the relative success of their own current or past nesting attempt. The latter includes cases in which

关键词： decision rules dispersal group living habitat selection reproductive success

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Scoping out the future:The application of artificial intelligence to gastrointestinal endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第5期14卷 989-1001页

作者： scott B Minchenberg Trent Walradt Jeremy r Glissen brown Department of Internal Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA 02130United States Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA 02130United States

Artificial intelligence(AI)is a quickly expanding field in gastrointestinal *** there are a myriad of applications of AI ranging from identification of bleeding to predicting outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease,a great deal of research has focused on the identification and classification of gastrointestinal *** of the initial randomized,prospective trials utilizing AI in clinical medicine have centered on polyp detection during screening *** addition to work focused on colorectal cancer,AI systems have also been applied to gastric,esophageal,pancreatic,and liver *** promising results in initial studies,the generalizability of most of these AI systems have not yet been *** this article we review recent developments in the field of AI applied to gastrointestinal oncology.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Oncology Gastroenterology Endoscopy Machine learning Computer-assisted decision making Computer-aided detection Computer-aided diagnosis

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Assessing display variability in wild brown anoles Anolis sagrei using a mechanical lizard model

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 140-152页

作者： Sarah r. PArTAN Peter OTOVIC Virginia L. PrICE scott E. brown School of Cognitive Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA Department of Psychology University of South Florida St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA

Signals used for species identity ought to be highly stereotyped so as to facilitate immediate recognition by conspecifics. It is surprising therefore to find variability in putative species signature displays. The brown anole Anolis sagrei has a high degree of variability in its signature bobbing display. In this study we collected descriptive data on variability in the temporal structure of wild brown anole bobbing patterns, finding that no two displays analyzed had the same temporal structure, and we also tested whether wild brown anoles prefer the signature display over an alternate display pattern by using mechanical robot playbacks in the field. As a response metric we assessed whether or not the lizards showed social responses （pushup, dewlap extension, or head-nod） in response to the robotic presentations. We found that the lizards responded slightly more to the signature than to the alternate pattern, providing support for the idea that despite the variability seen in displays, the signature pattern is meaningful to them. We tested two other independent variables： speed of the display and elevation of the robot during its display, neither of which was significant. Dewlap extensions were given predominantly by adult males and were more likely to be given in the breeding season than the nonbreeding season. Pushups and head-nods were given equally by males and a combined class of females and juveniles, and were not seasonal. Head-nods increased after the robot turned off, suggesting that they may be used in a conversational turn-taking style during communication .

关键词： Species recognition Ethorobotics Visual signals Territoriality Signature display Sex differences

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Barriers to Insurance as a Flood risk Management Tool:Evidence from a Survey of Property Owners

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2020年第3期11卷 263-273页

作者： Jason Thistlethwaite Daniel Henstra Craig brown Daniel scott School of Environment Enterprise and DevelopmentUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Political Science University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Climate Change and Health Adaptation Planning Vancouver Coastal HealthVancouverBC V5Z 4C2Canada Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

By using risk-adjusted price signals to transfer responsibility for property-level flood protection and recovery from governments to property owners,flood insurance represents a key tenet of the flood risk management(FrM)*** Government of Canada has worked with insurers to introduce flood insurance for the first time as a part of a broader shift towards FrM to limit the growing costs of *** viability of flood insurance in Canada,however,has been questioned by research that disputes the utility of purchasing coverage by property *** study tested this assumption by drawing on public opinion survey data to assess factors that influence decisions about the utility of *** findings reveal that Canadians have limited knowledge of flood insurance coverage,exhibit a low willingness-to-pay for both insurance and property-level flood protection measures,and expect governments to shoulder much of the financial burden of flood recovery through disaster assistance.

关键词： Flood insurance Flood risk management risk-sharing Willingness-to-pay

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Heterogeneity in agricultural households and transition paths in southern Tibet

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第5期19卷 1386-1403页

作者： ZHANG Jing brown Colin WALDrON scott YADAV Lava ZHUOGA De-qing School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa 850002China

Smallholder livelihoods in agricultural areas in Tibet Autonomous region,China(Tibet for short)have traditionally been based on subsistence mixed crop-livestock *** many parts of China and the developing world,rural Tibet is undergoing rapid change in agricultural development,boosted by links with the off-farm ***,the agricultural transition process in Tibet has not been linear,is affected by policies particular to the region,and varies significantly for different categories of rural *** paper analyses heterogeneity of household types in agricultural areas of southern Tibet and how household structures and characteristics result in different agricultural development *** is drawn from a stratified random survey of 144 households in three townships in southern Tibet and analysed through three methods:cluster analysis,bio-economic modelling,and analysis of household perceptions and attitudes to *** analysis allows for the identification of three key household types-semisubsistence,pluriactive and semi-commercial-organised along a continuum of intensification,commercialisation,specialisation and *** study demonstrates the diversity of household farming systems in Tibet which in turn highlights the need for disaggregated analysis and tailored development policies and ***,the analysis also reveals commonalities in development paths between groups,where all farm types are more interested in pursuing income and livelihood goals through an increase in productivity than through an increase in *** in all systems choose to retain agriculture as a base from which to pursue livelihood strategies,especially through off-farm *** for this household heterogeneity is important on several ***,it provides more granular detail on the process of development in rural areas of Tibet that have been very difficult to access in English literature especially in recent ***,the c

关键词： Tibet Households Farming systems Agricultural transition

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Annual-perennial plant relationships and species selection for desert restoration

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 298-309页

作者： scott r ABELLA Stanley D SMITH Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada 89154-3064USA School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada 89154-4004USA

Exotic plant invasion is a growing concern in the conservation and management of indigenous arid land ecosystems. By creating areas of ameliorated microclimates and fertile soil below their canopies, perennial plants might influence exotic annual plant invasions. We conducted a quantitative literature review of studies that compared exotic annual plant abundance among native perennial plant species and interspace （open areas） microsites in North America＇s Mojave Desert, where exotic plant invasion has corresponded with increasing extent of wildfire and broad-scale ecosystem transformation. Ten studies compared exotic annual plant abundance between inter- spaces and below a total of 36 native perennial species. These studies revealed that：（1） With few exceptions, most native perennial species supported a greater abundance of exotic annuals than interspaces, indicating overall facilitation of exotic species by native perennials. （2） Exotic species abundance varied by orders of magnitude among native perennial species, with some perennial species harboring amounts of exotics similar to interspaces. （3） Distributions of dominant exotic species varied, where Bromus rubens displayed a greater affinity for below-perennial microsites than did Schismus spp. and Erodium cicutarium that often were most abundant in interspaces. results suggest that the degree of facilitation of exotic plants warrants consideration when selecting native perennial species for revegetation and restoration projects.

关键词： Bromus rubens exotic fertile island invasive nurse plant positive plant interaction Schismus

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Assessing vulnerability to panic:a systematic review of psychological and physiological responses to biological challenges as prospective predictors of panic attacks and panic disorder

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General Psychiatry 2019年第6期32卷 297-303页

作者： Donald J robinaugh Meredith J Ward Emma r Toner Mackenzie L brown Olivia M Losiewicz Eric Bui scott P Orr Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background Cognitive-behavioural theories of panic disorder posit that panic attacks arise from a positive feedback loop between arousal-related bodily sensations and perceived *** a recently develope computational model formalising these theories of pani attacks,it was observed that the response to a simulate perturbation to arousal provided a strong indicator of vulnerability to panic attacks and panic *** this/review,we evaluate whether this observation is borne o in the empirical literature that has examined responses biological challenge(eg,C02 inhalation)and their relatio to subsequent panic attacks and panic *** We searched PubMed,Web of Science and PsycINFO using keywords denoting provocation agents(eg,sodium lactate)and procedures(eg,infusion)combined with keywords relevant to panic disorder(eg,panic).Articles were eligible if they used response to a biologic challenge paradigm to prospectively predict panic attac or panic *** We identified four eligible *** effect sizes suggest that there is biological challenge response a moderate prospective association with subsequent pani attacks,but no prospective relationship with panic disorde Conclusions These findings provide support for the prediction derived from cognitive-behavioural theories an some preliminary evidence that response to a biological challenge may have clinical utility as a marker of vulnerab to panic attacks pending further research and developme Trial registration number 135908.

关键词： behaviour subsequent sizes

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The viscosity at the glass transition of a liquid lubricant

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Friction 2019年第1期7卷 86-91页

作者： scott BAIr Center for High-Pressure rheology George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

In the classical study of elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) which does not employ real, measurable viscosity in analysis, the possibility of a glass transition has not been considered in many years. Indeed, the two rheological assumptions of classical EHL, the Newtonian inlet and the equivalence of a traction curve to a flow curve, would not have persisted so long had the pressure dependence of the viscosity been accurately stated. With the recent appearance of viscosity obtained from viscometers in EHL analysis, the possibility of a glass transition in the contact should be reexamined, especially for the fragile traction fluids. This article employs published data for a synthetic cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon to estimate the glass transition viscosity so that, when using real viscosities in EHL simulations, the state of the liquid may be assessed. Far into the glassy state the liquid should be treated as an elastic solid with a yield stress.

关键词： elastohydrodynamic lubrication glass transition high pressure viscosity EHL friction

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