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BARRIERS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO PROMOTING SUPER-ENERGY-EFFICIENT (SEE) HOMES

Journal of Green Building 2011年第1期6卷 93-103页

作者： Qian Chen Gary Kinzel Allen Zimmerman scott potter Michael Lichtensteiger Department of Food Agriculturaland Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State University Department of Mechanical Engineering The Ohio State University Agricultural Technical Institute The Ohio State University Institute for Energy and the Environment The Ohio State University Agricultural and Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State University

Reducing energy consumption and environmental impacts of homes remains a critical task for researchers and *** numerous energy efficient(EE)home strategies have been developed,their adoption across the entire industry has still been ***,only a small number of EE homes have been built under several well-known EE home ***,the research question of,“what prevents EE homes from being widely accepted and built?”needs to be addressed and investigated *** paper presents the findings-a comprehensive set of barriers and impediments to the wide spread adoption of EE homes-from an on-going effort made by an alliance of researchers,educators,builders,suppliers,appraisers,real estate agents,and other parties associated with the home construction *** findings are being used to develop and implement a holistic action plan to advance the cause of EE homes through research,education,and *** provided insights will also help other researchers,educators,practitioners and government agencies re-evaluate the strategies used in promoting EE homes and improve the effectiveness of on-going and future programs.

关键词： energy efficiency energy conservation home residential building systems integration strategies barriers impediments

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Survival after inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第21期19卷 3241-3248页

作者： scott V Adams Dennis J Ahnen John A Baron Peter T Campbell Steven Gallinger William M Grady Loic LeMarchand Noralane M Lindor John D potter Polly A Newcomb Cancer Prevention Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWA 98109United States Department of Medicine Denver VA Medical Center and University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045United States Department of Medicine University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599United States Epidemiology Research Program Department of Intramural ResearchAmerican Cancer SocietyAtlantaGA 30303United States Division of General Surgery University of TorontoTorontoON M5G2C4Canada Cancer Research Center of Hawaii University of HawaiiHonoluluHI 96813United States Department of Health Science Research Mayo Clinic ArizonaScottsdaleAZ 85259United States

AIM: To investigate the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-associated CRC) compared to that of individuals without IBD diagnosed with CRC. METHODS: Epidemiologic, clinical, and follow-up data were obtained from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR). IBD-associated cases were identified from self-report of physician diagnosis. For a subset of participants, medical records were examined to confirm self-report of IBD. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95%CI of mortality, comparing IBD-associated to non-IBD-associated CRC, adjusted for age at CRC diagnosis, sex, Colon CFR phase, and number of prior endoscopies. Following imputation to complete CRC stage information, adjustment for CRC stage was examined. RESULTS: A total of 7202 CRC cases, including 250 cases of IBD-associated CRC, were analyzed. Over a twelve year follow-up period following CRC diagnosis, 2013 and 74 deaths occurred among non-IBD associated CRC and IBD-associated CRC patients, respectively. The difference in survival between IBD-associated and non-IBD CRC cases was not statistically significant (aHR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.85-1.36). However, the assumption of proportional hazards necessary for valid inference from Cox regression was not met over the entire follow-up period, and we therefore limited analyses to within five years after CRC diagnosis when the assumption of proportional hazards was met. Over this period, there was evidence of worse prognosis for IBD-associated CRC (aHR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76). Results were similar when adjusted for CRC stage, or restricted to IBD confirmed in medical records. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that IBD-associated CRC has a worse prognosis than non-IBD-associated CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Outcomes research Cancer survival Inflammation

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Phylogenetic inferences in Prunus （Rosaceae） using chloroplast ndhF and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences

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植物分类学报 2008年第3期46卷 322-332页

作者： Jun WEN scott T. BERGGREN Chung-Hee LEE Stefanie ICKERT-BOND Ting-Shuang YI Ki-Oug YOO Lei XIE Joey SHAW Dan potter Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History MRC 166 Smithsonian Institution Washington DC 20013-7012 USA Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Korean National Arboretum 51-7 Jikdongni Soheur-eup Pocheon-si Gyeonggi-do 487-821 Korea UA Museum of the North and Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK 99775-6960 USA Key Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China Division of Life Sciences Kangwon National University Chuncheon 200-701 Korea State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Tennessee Chattanooga TN 37403-2598 USA Department of Plant Sciences MS 2 University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Sequences of the chloroplast ndhF gene and the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions are employed to recon-struct the phylogeny of Prunus (Rosaceae), and evaluate the classification schemes of this genus. The two data sets are congruent in that the genera Prunus s.l. and Maddenia form a monophyletic group, with Maddenia nested within Prunus. However, the ndhF data set is incongruent with the ITS data supporting two major groups within Prunus: one consisting of subgenera Laurocerasus (including Pygeum) and Padus as well as the genus Maddenia and another of subgenera Amygdalus, Cerasus, and Prunus. The ITS data, on the other hand, support a clade composed of subgenera Amygdalus and Prunus and Prunus sect. Microcerasus in addition to a paraphyletic grade of subgenera Laurocerasus and Padus (and the genus Maddenia) taxa. In general, the subgeneric classifications of Prunus s.l. are not supported. The ITS and ndhF phylogenies differ mainly in interspecific relationships and the relative position of the Padus/Laurocerasus group. Both ITS and ndhF data sets suggest that the formerly recog-nized genus Pygeum is polyphyletic and that the distinction of the subgenera Padus and Laurocerasus is not supported. The biogeographic interactions of the temperate and tropical members in the Padus/Laurocera- sus/Maddenia alliance including Pygeum are shown to be highly dynamic and complex.

关键词：系统发生学叶绿体核糖体层序核子

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