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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第6期4卷 725-742页

作者： Zhiguo Zhang Xiran Liu Dan Zhao scott post Jiasen Chen School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou310023China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of CanterburyNew Zealand Department of Aerospace Engineering College of EngineeringEmbry-Riddle Aeronautical UniversityFLUSA

The restructuring of the energy industry is imperative,as New Zealand strives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.New Zealand has abundant renewable energy resources,and about 85%of current electricity generation is from renewable energy sources.However,in recent years,it appears that a considerable fraction of wind energy has been underutilized.This article reviews the history,current status,and future trends of wind energy development in New Zealand.The main challenges to the current development of wind energy are summarized compared to other countries.The main challenges come from the bi-cultural influence,environmental influence,and economic and social influence due to the variable nature of wind power,it is critical to store and operate power safely and reliably during peak power generation periods.This article compares seven mainstream wind energy storage technologies and analyzes the best solution for wind energy storage in New Zealand.This article analyzes the feasibility of using small-scale household(standard power rating range from 0.004 to 16 kW)wind turbines in New Zealand cities regarding their construction and operation process.The life cycle and the maximum capacity coefficient of such small-scale wind turbines are overviewed via three case studies and later compared with large commercial wind turbines(standard power rating ranges from 1 to 3 MW)in power generation capacity.It has been found that small-scale household wind turbines have notable power generation potential and economic benefits in the long term.

关键词： Renewable energy Wind energy Energy storage technologies Small-scale wind turbines

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Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and post-Seasons

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： scott P. Jerome Kriya L. Dunlap Ava M. Parrish Matthew L. Lowman Emily M. Shipman Lawrence K. Duffy Arleigh J. Reynolds Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause muscle fatigue and damage resulting in lower athletic performance. Several studies have investigated OS immediately before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycle. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athletes between a competition macrocycle and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycle. In addition, we aimed to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those who experienced no drop in performance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team volunteered for this study. Blood samples were taken in early February (“mid-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants completed questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic performance at the time of the blood draws. Plasma was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic performance during the competition season macrocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dismutase Athletic Performance Training Macrocycle

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修剪神经纤维缠结

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Science Bulletin 2023年第21期68卷 2507-2509页

作者：雷鹏 scott Ayton Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China The Florey Neuroscience Institute The University of MelbourneMelbourne VIC 3052Australia

Tau protein (encoded by the MAPT gene) is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other “tauopathies”, where aggregated tau pathology accumulates in neurons. Since tau deposition is strongly associated with cognitive dysfunction in AD, and tau purportedly mediates the toxicity of β-amyloid, therapies developed to reduce tau or its phosphorylation have been tested preclinically and in several small-scale clinical trials[1]. However, caveats for tau-targeting therapy include the limited understanding of its physiological functions and the complicated interactions between its post-translational modifications, aggregation, and cellular toxicity.

关键词：神经纤维缠结 pathology Alzheimer

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Critical role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in acrolein sequestering in rat spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1505-1511页

作者： Seth A.Herr Liangqin Shi Thomas Gianaris Yucheng Jiao Siyuan Sun Nick Race scott Shapiro Riyi Shi Center for Paralysis Research&Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Orthopedics Ruijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityInstitute of Trauma and OrthopedicsShanghaiChina Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes,such as acrolein,the most reactive aldehyde,have emerged as key culprits in sustaining post-spinal cord injury(SCI)secondary pathologies leading to functional loss.Strong evidence suggests that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2(ALDH2),a key oxidoreductase and powerful endogenous anti-aldehyde machinery,is likely important for protecting neurons from aldehydesmediated degeneration.Using a rat model of spinal cord contusion injury and recently discovered ALDH2 activator(Alda-1),we planned to validate the aldehyde-clearing and neuroprotective role of ALDH2.Over an acute 2 day period post injury,we found that ALDH2 expression was significantly lowered post-SCI,but not so in rats given Alda-1.This lower enzymatic expression may be linked to heightened acrolein-ALDH2 adduction,which was revealed in co-immunoprecipitation experiments.We have also found that administration of Alda-1 to SCI rats significantly lowered acrolein in the spinal cord,and reduced cyst pathology.In addition,Alda-1 treatment also resulted in significant improvement of motor function and attenuated post-SCI mechanical hypersensitivity up to 28 days post-SCI.Finally,ALDH2 was found to play a critical role in in vitro protection of PC12 cells from acrolein exposure.It is expected that the outcome of this study will broaden and enhance anti-aldehyde strategies in combating post-SCI neurodegeneration and potentially bring treatment to millions of SCI victims.All animal work was approved by Purdue Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.1111000095)on January 1,2021.

关键词： acrolein acrolein-lysine adduct alda-1 enzymatic catalyst lipid peroxidation mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 neurotrauma oxidative stress reactive aldehydes spinal cord contusion

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Genetic pathways controlling inflorescence architecture and development in wheat and barley

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第3期61卷 296-309页

作者： Adam Gauley scott A.Boden Department of Crop Genetics John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park

Modifications of inflorescence architecture have been crucial for the successful domestication of wheat and barley, which are central members of the Triticeae tribe that provide essential grains for the human diet. Investigation of the genes and alleles that underpin domestication-related traits has provided valuable insights into the molecular regulation of inflorescence development of the Triticeae, and further investigation of modified forms of architecture are proving to be equally fruitful.The identified genes are involved in diverse biological processes, including transcriptional regulation, hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation, which alter inflorescence architecture by modifying the development and fertility of lateral organs, called spikelets and florets. Recent advances in sequencing capabilities and the generation of mutant populations are accelerating the identification of genes that influence inflorescence development, which is important given that genetic variation for this trait promises to be a valuable resource for optimizing grain production. This review assesses recent advances in our understanding of the genes controlling inflorescence development in wheat and barley, with the aim of highlighting the importance of improvements in developmental biology for optimizing the agronomic performance of staple crop plants.

关键词： Genetic pathways Modifications architecture

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Human immunodeficiency virus prevention strategies in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第3期133卷 318-325页

作者： Zun-You Wu Sarah Robbins scott Division of HIV Prevention National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUnited States.

This paper reviews the current epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection in China,particularly the globally available prevention strategies developed and implemented.This review focuses on HIV prevention measures in general,such as education,testing,and counseling and in specific responses to transmission modes,such as blood safety,harm reduction for people who inject drugs,and condom promotion to reduce sexual transmission.We also assess newly developed prevention measures,such as prevention treatment,pre-exposure prophylaxis,post-exposure prophylaxis,male circumcision,and promising potential future preventions,including microbicides and vaccines.Based on this assessment,we provide recommendations for their implementation in China.We conclude that there is no magic bullet for HIV prevention,particularly sexual transmission of the disease,but only a combination of these prevention strategies can control the HIV epidemic.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus infection Epidemic Prevention strategies China

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Corneal astigmatic outcomes after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with surface penetrating arcuate keratotomies

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第7期16卷 1084-1092页

作者： Nick Stanojcic David O’Brart Chris Hull Vijay Wagh Elodie Azan Mani Bhogal scott Robbie Ji-Peng Olivia Li Department of Ophthalmology Guy’s and St.Thomas’NHS Foundation TrustLondon SE17EHUK Centre for Applied Vision Research School of Health SciencesUniversity of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUK King’s College London London WC2R 2LSUK

AIM:To evaluate corneal astigmatic outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomies(FAKs)combined with femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)over 12mo follow-up.METHODS:Totally 145 patients with bilateral cataracts and no ocular co-morbidities were recruited to a singlecentre,single-masked,prospective randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing two monofocal hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses.Eyes with corneal astigmatism(CA)of>0.8 dioptres(D)received unpaired,unopened,surface penetrating FAKs at the time of FLACS.Visual acuity,subjective refraction and Scheimpflug tomography were recorded at 1,6,and 12mo.Alpins vectoral analyses were performed.RESULTS:Fifty-one patients(61 eyes),mean age 68.2±9.6y[standard deviation(SD)],received FAKs.Sixty eyes were available for analysis,except at 12mo when 59 attended.There were no complications due to FAKs.Mean pre-operative CA was 1.13±0.20 D.There was a reduction of astigmatism at all post-operative visits(residual CA 1mo:0.85±0.42 D,P=0.0001;6mo:0.86±0.35 D,P=0001;and 12mo:0.90±0.39,P=0.0001).Alpins indices remained stable over 12mo.Overall,the cohort was under-corrected at all time points.At 12mo,61%of eyes were within±15 degrees of pre-operative astigmatic meridian.CONCLUSION:Unpaired unopened penetrating FAKs combined with on-axis phacoemulsification are safe but minimally effective.CA is largely under-corrected in this cohort using an existing unmodified nomogram.The effect of arcuate keratotomies on CA remained stable over 12mo.

关键词： femtosecond cataract surgery astigmatic keratotomy laser cataract surgery femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery arcuate keratotomy

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The effects of total ankle replacement on ankle joint mechanics during walking

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第3期6卷 340-345页

作者： Henry Wang scott R.Brown Biomechanics Laboratory School of KinesiologyBall State University Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand(SPRINZ) Auckland University of Technology

Background:End-stage ankle arthritis impairs joint function and patients' mobility.Total ankle replacement is a surgical procedure to treat severe ankle arthritis.Salto Talaris Anatomic Ankle^(TM)(STAA) was designed to mimic the normal ankle anatomy and flexion/extension of the ankle movement.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an STAA ankle replacement on ankle joint function and mechanics during gait.Methods:Five patients with end-stage unilateral ankle arthritis were recruited.Patients performed level walking in a laboratory setting on 2occasions,prior to and 3 months after the STAA ankle surgeries.American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) hindfoot score was obtained.A 12-camera motion capture system was used to perform walking analysis.Gait temporo-spatial parameters and ankle joint mechanics were evaluated.Paired Student's t tests and non-parametric Wilcoxon matched tests were performed to examine the differences in biomechanical variables between the pre-and post-surgery walking conditions.Results:Compared to the pre-surgical condition,at 3 months of post-STAA surgery,patients experienced greater improvement in AOFAS hindfoot score(p = 0.0001);the STAA ankle demonstrated a 31% increase in ankle joint excursion(p = 0.045),a 22% increase in ankle plantarflexor moment(p = 0.075),a 60% increase in ankle power absorption(p = 0.023),and a 68% increase in ankle power production(p = 0.039).Patients also demonstrated a 26% increase in walking speed(p = 0.005),a 20% increase in stride length(p = 0.013),a 15% decrease in double support time(p = 0.043),and a 5% decrease in total stance time(p = 0.055).Conclusion:Three months after surgeries,the STAA patients experienced improvements in ankle function and gait parameters.The STAA ankle demonstrated improved ankle mechanics during daily activities such as walking.

关键词：脚关节力学 AOFAS 分数关节炎步法分析总计脚关节代替走

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Loss of tau expression attenuates neurodegeneration associated with α-synucleinopathy

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 426-442页

作者： scott C.Vermilyea Anne Christensen Joyce Meints Balvindar Singh Héctor Martell-Martínez MdRazaul Karim Michael K.Lee Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota-Twin Cities321 Church Street S.E.MinneapolisMNUSA6-145 Jackson Hall Institute for Translational Neuroscience University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMin-neapolisMNUSA Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s(ASAP)Collaborative Research Network Chevy ChaseMDUSA University of Minnesota Medical School 420 Delaware Street SEMinneapolisMN 55455USA.

Background: Neuronal dysfunction and degeneration linked to α-synuclein (αS) pathology is thought to be responsible for the progressive nature of Parkinson’s disease and related dementia with Lewy bodies. Studies have indicated bidirectional pathological relationships between αS pathology and tau abnormalities. We recently showed that A53T mutant human αS (HuαS) can cause post-synaptic and cognitive deficits that require microtubule-associated protein tau expression. However, the role of tau in the development of αS pathology and subsequent neuronal dysfunction has been controversial. Herein, we set out to determine the role of tau in the onset and progression of αS pathology (α-synucleinopathy) using a transgenic mouse model of α-synucleinopathy lacking mouse tau expression. Methods: Transgenic mice expressing A53T mutant HuαS (TgA53T) were crossed with mTau−/− mice to generate TgA53T/mTau−/−. To achieve more uniform induction of α-synucleinopathy in mice, we used intramuscular injections of αS preformed fibrils (PFF) in non-transgenic (nTg), TgA53T, TgA53T/mTau−/−, and mTau−/− mice. Motor behavior was analyzed at 70 days post inoculation (dpi) of PFF and tissues for biochemical and neuropathological analysis were collected at 40 dpi, 70 dpi, and end stage. Results: Loss of tau expression significantly delayed the onset of motor deficits in the TgA53T model and the progression of α-synucleinopathy disease, as evidenced by a significant reduction in histopathological and behavioral markers of neurodegeneration and disease, and a significant improvement in survival. In vitro application of PFF to primary mouse hippocampal neurons demonstrated no changes in PFF uptake and processing or pS129 αS aggregation as a function of tau expression. However, PFF-induced neurotoxicity, including morphological deficits in nTg neurons, was prevented with tau removal. Conclusions: Collectively, our data suggest that tau is likely acting downstream of αS pathology to affect neuronal homeostasis and survival. This work further supp

关键词： α-Synuclein Tau Parkinson’s disease Lewy body disease Neurodegeneration

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Understanding metabolic flexibility: a potential key to unlocking metabolic therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1654-1655页

作者： scott P.Allen Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience University of Sheffield

The role of metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS):ALS,is a predominantly sporadic,neurological disorder resulting in degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in the progressive failure of the neuromuscular system.The lifetime risk factor for developing ALS sits between 1 in 300 and 1 in 400.However,due to the speed of the disease course(2–3 years post-diagnosis)and the lack of effective therapies,ALS is still classified as a rare disease.

关键词： metabolism amyotrophic degeneration

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