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Identification of proteins involved in lignocellulose degradation using in gel zymogram analysis combined with mass spectroscopy-based peptide analysis of gut proteins from larval Asian Ionghorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 253-264页

作者： scott m. Geib ming Tien Kelli Hoover Departments of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Departments of Entomology The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

Enzyme activities toward lignocellulose substrates were analyzed in the gut of larval Asian longhorned beetle （Anoplophora glabripennis）. Total protein was extracted from gut contents of wild collected larvae from an invasive population in Worchester, mA, USA. From these protein extracts, lignocellulolytic activities were measured （β-1,4- endoglucanase,β-1,4-glucosidase and birch wood xylanase）.β-1,4-glucosidase activity was 0.075 μmol glucose/mg protein per min, endoglucanase activity was measured at 0.41/zmol glucose/mg protein per min and xylanase activity was 0.058μmol xylose/mg protein per min. To identify specific enzymes that may provide these activities, zymogram analysis was performed to detect enzymes active toward carboxymethyl cellulose （CmC）, 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glueopyranoside and birch wood xylan. Three protein bands were found to be active toward CmC, three displayed β-1,4-glucosidase, and one displayed xylanase activity. Proteins from active bands from these zymograms were then identified by in-gel trypsin digestions followed by peptide identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight - time of flight mass spectrometry （mS）. A custom A. glabripennis transcriptome database was used for peptide identification, giving highly significant matches in all mS analyses. These matches were then searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Information database to provide annotation to the transcripts and provide possible classification. From these analyses, we were able to detect enzymes active toward cellulose and xylan, and proteins putatively involved in lignocellulose degradation in the gut of this wood-feeding insect. Future research will be focused on characterizing these enzymes through cloning and expression experiments and understanding how the lignocellulose degradation system functions in the gut of this insect.

关键词： beta-glucosidase cellulase Cerambycidae endoglucanase proteomics xylanase

Telemedicine for sarcoma patient care

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Journal of Cancer metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 140-149页

作者： scott m.Schuetze Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Telemedicine is being incorporated into routine healthcare,including *** integration of telemedicine with patient electronic medical records and the adoption of virtual provider-patient encounters was accelerated by the SARS-CoV2 worldwide *** telemedicine has existed for more than 50 years,the impact of telemedicine on patient care and health outcomes is relatively understudied,and little research has been conducted on telehealth in the care of patients with *** review discusses the potential applications of telemedicine to the care of patients with sarcoma and some of the data available on patient and provider preferences for telemedicine ***-person healthcare *** of the areas of care in which greater adoption of telemedicine may be beneficial to patients with sarcoma are also discussed.

关键词： Sarcoma telemedicine telepathology telehealth virtual multidisciplinary

A comparison of the relative efficiency of ICSI and extended culture with epididymal sperm versus testicular sperm in patients with obstructive azoospermia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第2期22卷 222-226页

作者： scott J morin Brent m Hanson Caroline R Juneau Shelby A Neal Jessica N Landis Richard T scott Jr James m Hotaling Reproductive medicine Associates of New Jersey 140 Allen RoadBasking RidgeNJ 07920USA Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University833 Chestnut StreetPhiladelphiaPA 19107USA Foundation for Embryonic Competence 140 Allen RoadBasking RidgeNJ 07920USA Division of Urology Department of SurgeryUniversity of Utah School of Medicine30 N 1900 ESalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah School of Medicine30 N 1900 ESalt Lake CityUT 84132USA.An abbreviated version of this manuscript was published and presented as an abstract at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine(ASRM)2017 Scientific Congress.

This is a retrospective cohort study comparing blastocyst transfer outcomes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection utilizing epididymal versus testicular sperm for men with obstructive *** cases at a single center between 2012 and 2016 were *** approach was selected at the surgeon’s discretion and included microepididymal sperm aspiration or testicular sperm *** culture was exclusively utilized prior to *** primary outcome was live birth *** outcomes included fertilization rate,blastulation rate,euploidy rate,and implantation rate.A mixed effects model was ***-six microepididymal sperm aspiration cases and 93 testicular sperm extraction cases were *** live birth rate was equivalent(48.6%vs 50.5%,P=0.77).However,on mixed effects model,epididymal sperm resulted in a greater likelihood of fertilization(adjusted OR:1.37,95%CI:1.05–1.81,P=0.02)and produced a higher blastulation rate(adjusted OR:1.41,95%CI:1.1–1.85,P=0.01).As a result,the epididymal sperm group had more supernumerary blastocysts available(4.3 vs 3,Pmic sperm injection following microepididymal sperm aspiration resulted in a greater number of usable blastocysts per ***,the true benefit of epididymal sperm may only be demonstrated via a comparison of cumulative pregnancy rates after multiple transfers from one cohort.

关键词： azoospermia intracytoplasmic sperm injection male infertility testicular sperm extraction

B lymphocytes regulate airway granulocytic inflammation and cytokine production in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 202-212页

作者： Sumit Ghosh scott A Hoselton scott V Asbach Breanne N Steffan Steve B Wanjara Glenn P Dorsam Jane m Schuh Department of Veterinary and microbiological Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

Sensitization to fungi often leads to a severe form of asthma that is particularly difficult to manage clinically, resulting in increased morbidity and hospitalizations in these patients. Although B lymphocytes might exacerbate asthma symptoms through the production of IgE, these cells might also be important in the protective response against inhaled fungi. Through cytokine release and T-cell interactions, these lymphocytes might also influence the development and maintenance of airway wall fibrosis. JH-/- mice lack the JHgene for the heavy chain component of antibodies, which is critical for B-cell function and survival. These animals have facilitated the elucidation of the role of B iymphocytes in a number of immune responses; however, JH-/- mice have not been used to study fungal allergy. In this study, we examined the role of B lymphocytes using an Aspergillus fumigatus murine fungal aeroallergen model that mimics human airway disease that is triggered by environmental fungal exposure. We compared disease progression in sensitized wild-type BALB/c and JH-/- mice that were exposed to repeated fungal exposure and found no differences in airway hyperresponsiveness, overall pulmonary inflammation or collagen deposition around the large airways. However, the levels of the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly attenuated in the airways of JH-/- mice relative to the BALB/c controls. By contrast, levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-6 were significantly elevated in the JH-/- animals, and there was significantly more robust airway eosinophilia and neutrophilia than in control animals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that B lymphocytes help to regulate granulocytic responses to fungal exDosure in the pulmonary compartment.

关键词： Aspergillus fumigatus B lymphocytes inflammation

Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第38期25卷 5732-5772页

作者： Kyle J Anderson Robert T Cormier Patricia m scott Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School

In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer *** functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract influence a variety of cellular processes,many of which overlap with these hallmarks of *** this review we focus on the roles of the calcium(Ca^2+),sodium(Na^+),potassium(K^+),chloride(Cl^-)and zinc(Zn^2+)transporters in GI cancer,with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+channel and CFTR Cl-channel in colorectal cancer(CRC).Ca^2+is a ubiquitous second messenger,serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle,apoptosis,and *** members of the TRP superfamily,including TRPm8,TRPm7,TRPm6 and TRPm2,have been implicated in GI cancers,especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon ***-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle *** VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC *** have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer ***2+transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers,in particular,ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer(PC).more than 70 K+channel genes,clustered in four families,are found expressed in the GI tract,where they regulate a range of cellular processes,including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal *** distinct types of K+channels are found dysregulated in the GI *** are hERG1 upregulation in PC,gastric cancer(GC)and CRC,leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion,and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CR

关键词： Ion channels Gastrointestinal cancer Colorectal cancer Gastric cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Prognostic biomarker Novel therapies Clinical targets

Incidence rate of prostate cancer in men treated for erectile dysfunction with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors： retrospective analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第2期15卷 246-248,I0008页

作者： Anthony H Chavez K scott Coffield m Hasan Rajab Chanhee Joe Departments of Urology Scott & White Healthcare Temple Texas 76508 USA Departments of Biostatistics Scott & White Healthcare Temple Texas 76508 USA Deparment of Biostatistics College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh 11533 Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate of prostate cancer among men with erectile dysfunction （ED） treated with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors （PDE-5i） over a 7-year period vs. men with ED of the same age and with similar risk factors who were not treated with PDE-5i. In a retrospective review of electronic medical records and billing databases between the years 2000 and 2006, men with ED between the ages of 50 and 69 years and no history of prostate cancer prior to 2000 were identified. These individuals were divided into two groups： 2362 men who had treatment with PDE-5i, and 2612 men who did not have treatment. Demographic data in each group were compared. During the study period, 97 （4.1%） men with ED treated with PDE-5i were diagnosed with prostate cancer compared with 258 （9.9%） men with ED in the non-treated group （P〈00001）. A higher percentage of African Americans were treated with PDE-5i vs. those who were not （10.5% vs. 7.1%; P〈O.O001）. The PDE-5i group had lower documented diagnosis of elevated prostate-specific antigen （10.0% vs. 13.1%; P=-0.0008） and higher percentage of benign prostatic hyperplasia （38.4% vs. 35.1%; P=0.0149）. men with ED treated with PDE-5i tended to have less chance （adjusted odds ratio： 0.4; 95% confidence intervals： 0.3-0.5; P〈0.0001） of having prostate cancer. Our data suggest that men with ED treated with PDE-5i tended to have less of a chance of beine diaenosed with orostate cancer. Further research is warranted.

关键词： erectile dysfunction (ED) phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) prostate cancer prostatic neoplasms

Substance use and inhalation injury in adult burn patients:retrospective study of the impact on outcomes

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Burns & Trauma 2019年第1期7卷 132-138页

作者： Kevin m.Klifto Luis Quiroga C.scott Hultman Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins Burn CenterThe Johns Hopkins Hospital4940 Eastern AvenueBaltimore 21224USA

Background:Substance use,alcohol use,and smoking use have all been associated with burn *** studies have investigated associations with substances,alcohol,smoking,inhalational only burns,and patient *** purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for pulmonary failure in patients suffering inhalation injury,focusing on the impact of substance,alcohol,and cigarette ***:This is a single-center retrospective analysis of 115 patients admitted to the Johns Hopkins Bayview Burn Center with inhalational injury from January 1,2010,through September 30,*** were excluded if they were under the age of 18 years or had burn involvement of the skin>5%.Primary outcome variables measured were if patients were intubated,length of total time intubated,substance use,alcohol use,and smoking *** outcome variables measured were types of substances used(amphetamines,barbiturates,benzodiazepines,cannabinoids,cocaine,methadone,codeine/morphine),total number of substances used,intensive care unit(ICU)length of stay(LOS),hospital LOS,secondary complications,and patient *** was performed with Fisher’s exact test and the mann-Whitney U test.A sub-group analysis for each substance,alcohol,smoking,and control subgroup was compared to its respective sub-group without substance,alcohol,smoking,and control within the no intubation and intubation group.A sub-group analysis of substance use,alcohol use,smoking use,and control was further analyzed with binomial logistic regression within the intubation ***:Following inhalation injury,50/115(43%)patients required ***-two of the 50(84%)patients intubated had substance use(pmoking(p=0.038).Among the specific substances used,26/50(52%)patients intubated were using benzodiazepines(p<0.001)and 7/50(14%)patients were using cocaine(p=0.022).The lengths of intubation,ICU LOS,and hospital LOS with no substanc

关键词： Intubation Smoking Burn Risk factors Cocaine Benzodiazepines morphine Inhalation

Accuracy of genomic selection in biparental populations of flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)

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The Crop Journal 2016年第4期4卷 290-303页

作者： Frank m.You Helen m.Booker scott D.Duguid Gaofeng Jia Sylvie Cloutier morden Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Crop Development Centre Department of Plant Sciences University of Saskatchewan Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Flax is an important economic crop for seed oil and stem fiber. Phenotyping of traits such as seed yield, seed quality, stem fiber yield, and quality characteristics is expensive and time consuming. Genomic selection(GS) refers to a breeding approach aimed at selecting preferred individuals based on genomic estimated breeding values predicted by a statistical model based on the relationship between phenotypes and genome-wide genetic markers. We evaluated the prediction accuracy of GS(rmP) and the efficiency of GS relative to phenotypic selection(RE) for three GS models: ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction(RR-BLUP),Bayesian LASSO(BL), and Bayesian ridge regression(BRR), for seed yield, oil content, iodine value, linoleic, and linolenic acid content with a full and a common set of genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers in each of three biparental populations. The three GS models generated similar rmPand RE, while BRR displayed a higher coefficient of determination(R^2)of the fitted models than did RR-BLUP or BL. The mean rmPand RE varied for traits with different heritabilities and was affected by the genetic variation of the traits in the *** for seed yield generated a mean RE of 1.52 across populations and marker sets, a value significantly superior to that for direct phenotypic selection. Our empirical results provide the first validation of GS in flax and demonstrate that GS could increase genetic gain per unit time for linseed breeding. Further studies for selection of training populations and markers are warranted.

关键词： Genomic selection SSR Flax Linseed Seed yield Fatty acid composition

What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to abscisic acid in land plants?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第4期59卷 240-260页

作者： Frances C. Sussmilch Timothy J. Brodribb scott A. m. mcAdam School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia

The evolution of active stomatal closure in response to leaf water deficit, mediated by the hormone abscisic acid （ABA）, has been the subject of recent debate. Two different models for the timing of the evolution of this response recur in the literature. A single-step model for stomatal control suggests that stomata evolved active, ABA- mediated control of stomatal aperture, when these structures first appeared, prior bryophyte and vascular plant gradualistic model for stomatal to the divergence of neages. In contrast, a control proposes that the most basal vascular plant stomata responded passively to changes in leaf water status. This model suggests that active ABA-driven mechanisms for stomatal responses to water status instead evolved after the divergence of seed plants, culminating in the complex, ABA-mediated responses observed in modern angiosperms. Here we review the findings that form the basis for these two models, including recent work that provides critical molecular insights into resolving this intriguing debate, and find strong evidence to support a gradualistic model for stomatal evolution.

关键词： ABA What are the evolutionary origins of stomatal responses to abscisic acid in land plants acid