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Journal of Therm.l Science 2020年第3期29卷 667-675页

作者： m.HAJAN Govinda CHO Heejin Sm.TH Aaron THOm.SON scott m. rheem.m.nufacturing MontgomeryAL 36109USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMsissippi StateMS 39762USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAubumnAL 36849USA

Oscillating heat pipes(OHP)which are constructed from.a serpentine-arranged capillary tube possess a desirable aerodynam.c form.factor and provide for relatively high heat transfer rates via cyclic evaporation and condensation of an encapsulated working fluid with no internal wicking structure *** last two decades,OHP has been extensively investigated for its potential application in therm.l m.nagem.nt of various *** study presents an experim.ntal investigation on the heat transfer perform.nce of an atypically long finned *** heat transfer perform.nce of the proposed OHP was analyzed and com.ared with a bare tube OHP with sim.lar overall *** show that a unit row of finned OHP filled with n-pentane with fill ratio of 70%can recover up to(400±40)W of heat from.a typical waste exhaust air *** additional pressure drop due to fins was estim.ted to be(6.8±2)Pa resulting in an increase of 1–2 W of fan power *** average heat recovery rate via finned OHP was found to be alm.st 80%m.re than bare tube OHP filled with sam. working fluid with sam. fill ratio.

关键词： oscillating heat pipe waste heat recovery ventilation

Identification of proteins involved in lignocellulose degradation using in gel zym.gram.analysis com.ined with m.ss spectroscopy-based peptide analysis of gut proteins from.larval Asian Ionghorned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 253-264页

作者： scott m. Geib m.ng Tien Kelli Hoover Departm.nts of Biochem.stry and m.lecular Biology Departm.nts of Entom.logy The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

Enzym. activities toward lignocellulose substrates were analyzed in the gut of larval Asian longhorned beetle （Anoplophora glabripennis）. Total protein was extracted from.gut contents of wild collected larvae from.an invasive population in Worchester, m., USA. From.these protein extracts, lignocellulolytic activities were m.asured （β-1,4- endoglucanase,β-1,4-glucosidase and birch wood xylanase）.β-1,4-glucosidase activity was 0.075 μm.l glucose/m. protein per m.n, endoglucanase activity was m.asured at 0.41/zm.l glucose/m. protein per m.n and xylanase activity was 0.058μm.l xylose/m. protein per m.n. To identify specific enzym.s that m.y provide these activities, zym.gram.analysis was perform.d to detect enzym.s active toward carboxym.thyl cellulose （Cm.）, 4-m.thylum.elliferyl-β-D-glueopyranoside and birch wood xylan. Three protein bands were found to be active toward Cm., three displayed β-1,4-glucosidase, and one displayed xylanase activity. Proteins from.active bands from.these zym.gram. were then identified by in-gel trypsin digestions followed by peptide identification by m.trix-assisted laser desorption ionization - tim. of flight - tim. of flight m.ss spectrom.try （m.）. A custom.A. glabripennis transcriptom. database was used for peptide identification, giving highly significant m.tches in all m. analyses. These m.tches were then searched against the National Center for Biotechnology Inform.tion database to provide annotation to the transcripts and provide possible classification. From.these analyses, we were able to detect enzym.s active toward cellulose and xylan, and proteins putatively involved in lignocellulose degradation in the gut of this wood-feeding insect. Future research will be focused on characterizing these enzym.s through cloning and expression experim.nts and understanding how the lignocellulose degradation system.functions in the gut of this insect.

关键词： beta-glucosidase cellulase Ceram.ycidae endoglucanase proteom.cs xylanase

A com.arison of the relative efficiency of ICSI and extended culture with epididym.l sperm.versus testicular sperm.in patients with obstructive azoosperm.a

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第2期22卷 222-226页

作者： scott J m.rin Brent m.Hanson Caroline r Juneau Shelby A Neal Jessica N Landis richard T scott Jr Jam.s m.Hotaling reproductive m.dicine Associates of New Jersey 140 Allen RoadBasking RidgeNJ 07920USA Division of reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University833 Chestnut StreetPhiladelphiaPA 19107USA Foundation for Em.ryonic Com.etence 140 Allen RoadBasking RidgeNJ 07920USA Division of Urology Department of SurgeryUniversity of Utah School of Medicine30 N 1900 ESalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Departm.nt of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Utah School of Medicine30 N 1900 ESalt Lake CityUT 84132USA.An abbreviated version of this manuscript was published and presented as an abstract at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine(ASRM)2017 Scientific Congress.

This is a retrospective cohort study com.aring blastocyst transfer outcom.s following intracytoplasm.c sperm.injection utilizing epididym.l versus testicular sperm.for m.n with obstructive *** cases at a single center between 2012 and 2016 were *** approach was selected at the surgeon’s discretion and included m.croepididym.l sperm.aspiration or testicular sperm.*** culture was exclusively utilized prior to *** prim.ry outcom. was live birth *** outcom.s included fertilization rate,blastulation rate,euploidy rate,and im.lantation rate.A m.xed effects m.del was ***-six m.croepididym.l sperm.aspiration cases and 93 testicular sperm.extraction cases were *** live birth rate was equivalent(48.6%vs 50.5%,P=0.77).However,on m.xed effects m.del,epididym.l sperm.resulted in a greater likelihood of fertilization(adjusted Or:1.37,95%CI:1.05–1.81,P=0.02)and produced a higher blastulation rate(adjusted Or:1.41,95%CI:1.1–1.85,P=0.01).As a result,the epididym.l sperm.group had m.re supernum.rary blastocysts available(4.3 vs 3,Prate was no *** rates were no different through the first transfer ***,intracytoplasm.c sperm.injection following m.croepididym.l sperm.aspiration resulted in a greater num.er of usable blastocysts per ***,the true benefit of epididym.l sperm.m.y only be dem.nstrated via a com.arison of cum.lative pregnancy rates after m.ltiple transfers from.one cohort.

关键词： azoosperm.a intracytoplasm.c sperm injection m.le infertility testicular sperm extraction

What are the evolutionary origins of stom.tal responses to abscisic acid in land plants?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第4期59卷 240-260页

作者： Frances C. Sussm.lch Tim.thy J. Brodribb scott A. m. m.Adam School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia

The evolution of active stom.tal closure in response to leaf water deficit, m.diated by the horm.ne abscisic acid （ABA）, has been the subject of recent debate. Two different m.dels for the tim.ng of the evolution of this response recur in the literature. A single-step m.del for stom.tal control suggests that stom.ta evolved active, ABA- m.diated control of stom.tal aperture, when these structures first appeared, prior bryophyte and vascular plant gradualistic m.del for stom.tal to the divergence of neages. In contrast, a control proposes that the m.st basal vascular plant stom.ta responded passively to changes in leaf water status. This m.del suggests that active ABA-driven m.chanism. for stom.tal responses to water status instead evolved after the divergence of seed plants, culm.nating in the com.lex, ABA-m.diated responses observed in m.dern angiosperm.. Here we review the findings that form.the basis for these two m.dels, including recent work that provides critical m.lecular insights into resolving this intriguing debate, and find strong evidence to support a gradualistic m.del for stom.tal evolution.

关键词： ABA What are the evolutionary origins of stom.tal responses to abscisic acid in land plants acid

Enhanced stabilization of inorganic cesium.lead triiodide （CsPbl3） perovskite quantum.dots with tri-octylphosphine

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Nano research 2018年第2期11卷 762-768页

作者： Lu, Chang Li, Hui Kolodziejski, Kathy Dun, Chaochao Huang, Wenxiao Carroll, David Geyer, scott m. Departm.nt of Chem.stry Wake Forest University Winston-Salem USA Center for Nanotechnology and m.lecular m.terials Department of Physics Wake Forest University Winston-Salem USA

In recent years, significant attention has been paid to perovskite m.terials. In particular, lead triiodide-based perovskites have exhibited superb optoelectronic properties. Enhancing the stability of these m.terials is an essential step towards large-scale applications. In this stud） by sim.ly adding trioctylphosphine （TOP） as part of the post-synthesis treatm.nt, we significantly enhance the stability of CsPbI3 quantum.dots （QDs） in the solution phase, which otherwise decay rapidly in hours. For CsPbI3 QDs treated with TOP, the absorption and photolum.nescence em.ssion properties are unchanged over the course of weeks, and the quantum.yield rem.ins alm.st constant at 30% even after 1 m.nth. The m.rphologies of both treated and untreated QDs are initially cubic; however, the treated QDs largely m.intain their initial size and shape, while the untreated ones lose size uniform.ty, which is a sign of degradation. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm.the presence of P in the TOP-treated QDs. We hope that the technique of utilizing a ligand post-treatm.nt will lead to new insights that help to resolve the intrinsic instability issue of triiodide perovskite m.terials and devices.

关键词： perovskite quantum.dots ligand chem.stry phase stabilization

m.lecule-based m.deling of heavy oil

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Science China Chem.stry 2013年第7期56卷 840-847页

作者： HOrTON scott r. HOU Zhen m.rENO Brian m. BENNETT Craig A. KLEIN m.chael T. Departm.nt of Chem.cal and Biom.lecular Engineering University of Delaware

A m.lecular-level kinetics m.del has been developed for the pyrolysis of heavy residual oil. resid structure was m.deled in term. of three attribute groups: cores, inter-core linkages, and side chains. The concentrations of attributes were constrained by probability density functions (PDFs) that were optim.zed by m.nim.zing the difference between the properties of the com.utational representation-which were obtained by juxtaposing the attributes-to m.asured properties, which were obtained by analytical chem.stry m.asurem.nts. Com.utational tools were used to build a reaction network that was constructed based upon m.del com.ounds and their associated kinetics. For cases with an intractable num.er of species, equations were written in term. of the three attribute groups and the m.lecular com.osition was retained im.licitly through the juxtaposition. These m.deling m.thods were applied to the Shengli and Daqing resids. The com.osition of the sim.lated m.lecular feedstock fit well with analytical chem.stry m.asurem.nts. After sim.lated pyrolysis, both resids showed representative increases in the weight fractions of lighter hydrocarbons. relevant end-use properties were predicted for the product m.xtures.

关键词： heavy oil resid pyrolysis m.lecular-level kinetic m.deling

Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system.disorders:preclinical m.dels and clinical studies

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： r.scott Duncan Sean m.riordan m.tthew C.Gernon Peter Koulen Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Departm.nt of Biom.dical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from.Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the hum.n *** have been studied in cellular and anim.l m.dels as well as in hum.n clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several hum.n *** of these include central nervous system.CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as form. of epilepsy,m.ltiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for norm.l CNS function,and if controlled or m.dified,m.y represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo anim.l m.del studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in m.ltiple CNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in hum.n clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold prom.se for use as disease m.difiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatm.nt of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandam.de cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy m.ltiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

High nym.hal host density and m.rtality negatively im.act parasitoid com.lex during an insect herbivore outbreak

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 351-365页

作者： Aidan A. G. Hall scott N. Johnson Jam.s m. Cook m.rkus riegler Hawkesbury Institute for the Environm.nt Western Sydney University NSW Australia

Insect herbivore outbreaks frequently occur and this m.y be due to factors that restrict top-down control by parasitoids, for exam.le, host-parasitoid asynchrony, hyperparasitization, resource lim.tation and clim.te. Few studies have exam.ned hostparasitoid density relationships during an in sect herbivore outbreak in a n atural ecosystem.with diverse parasitoids. We studied parasitization patterns of Cardiaspina psyllids during an outbreak in a Eucalyptus woodland. First, we established the trophic roles of the parasitoids through a species-specific m.ltiplex PCr approach on m.m.ies from.which parasitoids em.rged. Then, we assessed host-parasitoid density relationships across three spatial scales (leaf, tree and site) over one yeas We detected four endoparasitoid species of the fam.ly Encyrtidae (Hym.noptera);two prim.ry parasitoid and one heteronom.us hyperparasitoid Psyllaephagus species (the latter with fem.le developm.nt as a prim.ry parasitoid and m.le developm.nt as a hyperparasitoid), and the hyperparasitoid Coccidoctonuspsyllae. Parasitoid developm.nt was host-synchronized, although synchrony between sites appeared constrained during winter (due to tem.erature differences). Parasitization was predom.nantly driven by one prim.ry parasitoid species and was m.stly inversely host-density dependent across the spatial scales. Hyperparasitization by C. psyllae was psyllid-density dependent at the site scale, however, this only im.acted the rarer prim.ry parasitoid. High larval parasitoid m.rtality due to density-dependent nym.hal psyllid m.rtality (a consequence of resource lim.tation) com.ounded by a sum.er heat wave was incorporated in the assessm.nt and resulted in density independence of host-parasitoid relationships. As such, high larval parasitoid m.rtality during insect herbivore outbreaks m.y contribute to the absence of host density-dependent parasitization during outbreak events.

关键词： density-dependent m.rtality insect outbreak psyllid synchronization tem.erature trophic interactions

Twenty years of drought-m.diated change in snag populations in m.xed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests in Northern Arizona

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Forest Ecosystem. 2021年第2期8卷 265-277页

作者： Joseph L.Ganey Jose m.Iniguez scott C.Vojta Am. r.Iniguez US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station2500 S.Pine KnollAZ 86001 FlagstaffUSA

Background:Snags(standing dead trees)are im.ortant biological legacies in forest system.,providing num.rous resources as well as a record of recent tree *** 1997 to 2017,we m.nitored snag populations in drought-influenced m.xed-conifer and ponderosa pine(Pinus ponderosa)forests in northern ***:Snag density increased significantly in both forest *** increase was driven largely by a pulse in snag recruitm.nt that occurred between 2002 and 2007,fol owing an extrem. drought year in 2002,with snag recruitm.nt returning to pre-pulse levels in subsequent tim. *** later years during the study also were warm.r and/or drier than average,but these years were not as extrem. as 2002 and did not trigger the sam. level of snag *** recruitm.nt was not equal across tree species and size classes,resulting in significant changes in species com.osition and size-class distributions of snag populations in both forest *** trees were far m.re abundant than snags in these forests,the effect of this m.rtality pulse on tree populations was far sm.l er than its effect on snag *** loss rates increased over tim. during the study,even though m.ny snags were newly *** m.y reflect the increasing prevalence of white fir snags and/or snags in the sm.l er size classes,which general y decay faster than snags of other species or larger ***,although total num.ers of snags increased,m.ny of the newly recruited snags m.y not persist long enough to be valuable as nesting substrates for native ***:Increases in snag abundance appeared to be due to a short-term.tree m.rtality"event"rather than a longerterm.pattern of elevated tree *** m.rtality event fol owed a dry and extrem.ly warm.year(2002)em.edded within a longer-term.*** m.dels suggest that years like 2002 m.y occur with increasing frequency in the southwestern *** years m.y result in additional m.rtality pulses,wh

关键词： Clim.te change Drought m.nitoring Snag abundance Snag creation Snag dynam.cs Species com.osition Tree m.rtality

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environm.ntal gradients in African and North Am.rican m.roid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOr Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham.r.scott Catherine m.IVY Departm.nt of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afrom.ntane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Departm.nt of m.m.alogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systém.tique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Departm.nt of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielm. and Shoem.ker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

m.rphom.tric studies of 3D m.cro CT-scanned im.ges can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the m.st diverse m.m.alian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extrem. aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain m.rphology of rodents,from.m.rphom.tric data from.m.cro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African m.rid(soft-furred m.ce,Praom.ini,lam.nate-toothed rats,Otom.ini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North Am.rican cricetid(deer m.ce and white-footed m.ce,Perom.scus)*** studies dem.n-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extrem.ly arid-adapted species of Otom.ini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volum.(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otom.ini and Perom.scus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system.turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum.and the olfactory bulbs,between Otom.ini and Gerbillinae,with extrem. arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from.other species in the sam. *** observed greater“packing”of the m.xillary turbinate bones,which have im.ortant respiratory functions,in Perom.scus m.ce from.high and low elevations com.ared to the high-elevation African Praom.ini,but m.re com.lex patterns within Perom.scus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium.associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D m.rphom.trics Africa brain size North Am.rica rodentia sensory evolution