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Soil fungal and prokaryotic com.unity structure exhibits differential short-term.responses to tim.er harvest in the Pacific Northwest

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 109-125页

作者： Rachel E.DANIELSON m.gan L.m.GINNIS scott m.HOLUB David D.m.ROLD Departm.nt of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallis OR 97331-7306(USA) United State Forest Service Helena-Lewis and Clark National Forest2880 Skyway DriveHelena MT 59602(USA) Weyerhaeuser Com.any PO Box 275Springfield OR 97477(USA) Departm.nt of Land Airand Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavis CA 95616USA

Conventional clear-cut tim.er harvest is a widespread industrial practice across the Pacific Northwest;however,inform.tion regarding how these practices im.act soil m.crobial com.unity structure at the regional scale is *** evidence of consistent and substantial im.act of harvest on soil m.crobial functional profiles across the region(despite a range of environm.ntal conditions),the objective of this study was to determ.ne the extent to which harvest also influences the structure of prokaryotic and fungal soil m.crobial com.unities,and how generalized these trends are throughout the geographic *** soil sam.les were collected one year before and after harvest across nine second-growth Douglas-fir forests in the Pacific *** com.unity DNA was extracted from.the soils,and high-throughput targeted gene sequencing of the 16 S r RNA gene for prokaryotes and the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)gene for fungi was *** diversity was consistently and significantly higher after harvest;it was m.derately so for fungal com.unities(+14.6%),but only m.rginally so for prokaryotic com.unities(+2.0%).Sim.larly,on average,a greater proportion of the variation in the com.unity structure of fungi(20.1%)at each site was associated with forest harvest com.ared to that of prokaryotes(13.2%).Overall,the greatest influence of tim.er harvest on soil m.crobial com.unities appeared to be a relative depletion of ectom.corrhizal fungi,with a concom.tant enrichm.nt of saprotrophic *** the short-term.responses of soil m.crobial com.unities across the region,particularly those of tree root-associated sym.ionts,m.y aid our understanding of the role soil m.crobial com.unities play in ecological succession.

关键词： clear-cut Douglas-fir forest ectom.corrhizal fungi forest soil m.crobial com.unity m.crobial diversity root-associated sym.iont saprotrophic fungi

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m.te choice decisions by searchers

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 184-199页

作者： Daniel D. WIEGm.NN Lisa m. ANGELONI Steven m. SEUBERT J. GordonWADE Departm.nt of Biological Sciences and J. P. scott Center for Neuroscience Mind and Behavior Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA Departm.nt of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA

For m.re than two decades rudim.ntary versions of the fixed sam.le and sequential search strategies have provided the prim.ry theoretical foundation for the study of m.te choice decisions by searchers. The theory that surrounds these m.dels has expanded m.rkedly over this tim. period. In this paper, we review and extend results derived from.these m.dels, with a focus on the em.irical analysis of searcher behavior. The basic m.dels are im.ractical for em.irical purposes because they rely on the as- sum.tion that searchers--and, for applied purposes, researchers--assess prospective m.tes based on their quality, the fitness consequences of m.te choice decisions. Here we expound versions of the m.dels that are m.re em.irically useful, reform.lated to reflect decisions based on m.le phenotypic characters. For som. organism., it m.y be possible to use preference functions to de- rive predictions from.the reform.lated m.dels and thereby avoid difficulties associated with the m.asurem.nt of m.le quality per se. But predictions derived from.the two m.dels are difficult to differentiate em.irically, regardless of how the m.dels are form.- lated. Here we develop ideas that illustrate how this goal m.ght be accom.lished. In addition, we clarify how the variability of m.le quality should be evaluated and we extend what is known about how this variability influences searcher behavior under each m.del. m.re general difficulties associated with the em.irical study of m.te choice decisions by searchers are also discussed [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 184-199, 2013].

关键词： Dispersive order Fixed sam.le strategy m.te choice Preference functions Sequential search Stochastic dom.nance

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Conservative m.nagem.nt of Bilateral Tendoachilles (TA) Rupture—A Case Report

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Surgical Science 2011年第5期2卷 224-227页

作者： Rahul Kakkar Sim.n Cham.ers m.lcolm.m. scott 不详

Tendo Achilles ruptures are generally traum.tic in origin and while bilateral tendo Achilles ruptures are a rare occurrence, m.st of them.are associated with risk factors or pre-existing disease and generally involve traum. or sporting activities. m.st of the cases of bilateral rupture are generally treated operatively. A spontaneous onset case of bilateral tendo achilles rupture is reported in a healthy m.n and its conservative (non operative) m.nagem.nt discussed with a review of the literature.

关键词： Bilateral Tendoachilles Rupture Non-Traum.tic Spontaneous Conservative Treatm.nt Cast m.nagem.nt

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Estim.tes of voluntary activation in individuals with anterior cruciate ligam.nt reconstruction:Effects of type of stim.lator,num.er of stim.li,and quantification technique

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 85-93页

作者： Steven A.Garcia Kazandra m.Rodriguez scott R.Brown Riann m.Palm.eri-Sm.th Chandram.uli Krishnan School of Kinesiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Neurom.scular and Rehabilitation Robotics Laboratory(NeuRRo Lab) Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48108USA Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery Michigan MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Robotics Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Background:Accurate quantification of voluntary activation is im.ortant for understanding the extent of quadriceps dysfunction in individuals with anterior cruciate ligam.nt reconstruction(ACLR).Voluntary activation has been quantified using both percent activation derived from.the interpolated twitch technique and central activation ratio(CAR)derived from.the burst superim.osition technique,as well as by using different types of electrical stim.lators and pulse train ***,it is unclear how these param.ters affect voluntary activation estim.tes in individuals with *** study was perform.d to fill this im.ortant knowledge gap in the anterior cruciate ligam.nt ***:Quadriceps strength and voluntary activation were exam.ned in 18 ACLR participants(12 quadriceps/patellartendon graft,6 ham.tring tendon graft;tim. since ACLR:1.06±0.82 years,m.an±SD)at 90°of knee flexion using 2 stim.lators(Digitim.r and Grass)and pulse train conditions(3-pulse and 10-pulse).Voluntary activation was quantified by calculating both CAR and percent ***:Results indicated that voluntary activation was significantly overestim.ted by CAR when com.ared with percent activation(pm.tes were not affected by pulse train conditions when using percent activation;however,3-pulse stim.li resulted in greater overestim.tion than 10-pulse stim.li when using CAR(p=0.003).Voluntary activation did not differ between stim.lators(p>0.05);however,the Digitim.r evoked greater torque at rest than the Grass(pm.the interpolated twitch technique provides superior estim.tes of voluntary activation than CAR derived from.burst superim.osition and is less affected by pulse train conditions or stim.lators in individuals with ACLR.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligam.nt Central activation Inhibition Knee strength Triplet Twitch interpolation

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Estim.tion of genetic param.ters and their sam.ling variances for quantitative traits in the type 2 m.dified augm.nted design

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The Crop Journal 2016年第2期4卷 107-118页

作者： Frank m.You Qijian Song Gaofeng Jia Yanzhao Cheng scott Duguid Helen Booker Sylvie Cloutier m.rden Research and Developm.nt Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Soybean Genom.cs and Im.rovem.nt Laboratory USDA-ARS Crop Developm.nt Centre University of Saskatchewan Ottawa Research and Developm.nt Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

The type 2 m.dified augm.nted design(m.D2) is an efficient unreplicated experim.ntal design used for evaluating large num.ers of lines in plant breeding and for assessing genetic variation in a population. Statistical m.thods and data adjustm.nt for soil heterogeneity have been previously described for this design. In the absence of replicated test genotypes in m.D2, their total variance cannot be partitioned into genetic and error com.onents as required to estim.te heritability and genetic correlation of quantitative traits, the two conventional genetic param.ters used for breeding selection. We propose a m.thod of estim.ting the error variance of unreplicated genotypes that uses replicated controls, and then of estim.ting the genetic param.ters. Using the Delta m.thod, we also derived form.las for estim.ting the sam.ling variances of the genetic *** sim.lations indicated that the proposed m.thod for estim.ting genetic param.ters and their sam.ling variances was feasible and the reliability of the estim.tes was positively associated with the level of heritability of the trait. A case study of estim.ting the genetic param.ters of three quantitative traits, iodine value, oil content, and linolenic acid content, in a biparental recom.inant inbred line population of flax with 243 individuals, was conducted using our statistical m.dels. A joint analysis of data over m.ltiple years and sites was suggested for genetic param.ter estim.tion. A pipeline m.dule using SAS and Perl was developed to facilitate data analysis and appended to the previously developed m.D data analysis pipeline(http://***/bioinform.tics_ tools/m.DPipeline/***).

关键词： Broad-sense heritability Genetic correlation Sam.ling variance m.dified augm.nted design

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environm.ntal gradients in African and North Am.rican m.roid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham.R.scott Catherine m.IVY Departm.nt of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afrom.ntane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Departm.nt of m.m.alogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systém.tique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Departm.nt of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielm. and Shoem.ker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

m.rphom.tric studies of 3D m.cro CT-scanned im.ges can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the m.st diverse m.m.alian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extrem. aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain m.rphology of rodents,from.m.rphom.tric data from.m.cro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African m.rid(soft-furred m.ce,Praom.ini,lam.nate-toothed rats,Otom.ini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North Am.rican cricetid(deer m.ce and white-footed m.ce,Perom.scus)*** studies dem.n-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extrem.ly arid-adapted species of Otom.ini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volum.(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otom.ini and Perom.scus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system.turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum.and the olfactory bulbs,between Otom.ini and Gerbillinae,with extrem. arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from.other species in the sam. *** observed greater“packing”of the m.xillary turbinate bones,which have im.ortant respiratory functions,in Perom.scus m.ce from.high and low elevations com.ared to the high-elevation African Praom.ini,but m.re com.lex patterns within Perom.scus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium.associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D m.rphom.trics Africa brain size North Am.rica Rodentia sensory evolution

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Calibration of the Albian/Cenom.nian Boundary by Am.onite Biostratigraphy:*** Interior

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第6期81卷 940-948页

作者： Robert W.scott University of Tulsa and Precision Stratigraphy Associates

Calibration of num.rical ages to the geological tim. scale is a long scientific pursuit that requires the integration of m.ltiple data sets. A case study of the Albian/Cenom.nian stage boundary, also the Lower/Upper Cretaceous series boundary, illustrates the calibration process. The num.rical age of this boundary has shifted from.96 m. to 99 m. over a tim. span of nearly fifty years. Recalibration resulted first from.im.rovem.nts in radiom.tric dating, and later from.inferences about am.onite phylogeny, and m.st recently from.radiom.tric dates of newly discovered volcanic beds interbedded with diagnostic guide fossils. However, the calibration process continues with study of cosm.politan dinoflagellates.

关键词： Albian/Cenom.nian am.onite biostratigraphy age calibration

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System.c therapy without radiation m.y be appropriate as neoadjuvant therapy for localized pancreas cancer

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第3期9卷 296-303页

作者： scott Kizy Ariella m.Altm.n Keith m.Wirth Schelom. m.rm.r Jane Y.C.Hui Todd m.Tuttle Em.l Lou Khalid Am.n Jason W.Denbo Eric H.Jensen Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Division of Hem.tology and Oncology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Departm.nt of Laboratory m.dicine and Pathology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

Background:The utility of neoadjuvant treatm.nt for resectable pancreas cancer is yet to be determ.ned,but has com.only included *** evaluated outcom.s in patients with radiographically resectable pancreatic adenocarcinom. treated with neoadjuvant chem.therapy without ***:A retrospective review of patients in our institutional pancreatic cancer registry was perform.d,which identified 36 patients who received neoadjuvant chem.therapy alone for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinom. between 2012 and ***:m.dian age at diagnosis was 66.3 *** regim.ns included gem.itabine(n=17),gem.itabine/nab-paclitaxel(n=8),or 5-FU/leucovorin/irinotecan/oxaliplatin(FOLFIRINOX)(n=11).Surgical resection was perform.d in 69%of patients(n=25),with an R0 resection rate of 92%(n=23 patients).During chem.therapy,distant disease becam. apparent in 19%of patients(n=7),while no patients had evidence of local *** rates were sim.lar between chem.therapy regim.ns(single agent=59%,m.ltiple agent=79%).m.dian overall survival for all patients who received neoadjuvant chem.therapy was 30.3 and 34.4 m.nths for those who underwent surgical *** was no difference in m.dian survival for patients treated with gem.itabine(31.3 m.nths)or m.lti-agent chem.therapy(29.7 m.nths).Conclusions:A short course of neoadjuvant chem.therapy without chem.radiation m.y im.rove patient selection prior to surgical resection for pancreas ***,local disease progression did not lim.t surgical resection in this sm.ll series.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinom. chem.therapy survival neoadjuvant chem.therapy resection

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氢化物发生-多接收杯电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释法测定硒同位素

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分析化学 2008年第10期36卷 1385-1390页

作者：朱建明 Johnson Thom.s m.Clark scott K 朱祥坤环境地球化学国家重点实验室中国科学院地球化学研究所 Departm.nt of Geology 245 NHBUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 国土资源部同位素地质重点实验室中国地质科学院地质研究所

使用改进的巯基棉分离流程和74硒-77硒双稀释剂,在氢化物(HG)-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(m.-ICP-m.)实现了高精度硒同位素组成的测定。巯基棉用于分离样品基质中的硒,随后使用HNO3+H2O2消除干扰的有机质,74硒-77硒双稀释剂校正样... 详细信息

使用改进的巯基棉分离流程和74硒-77硒双稀释剂,在氢化物(HG)-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(m.-ICP-m.)实现了高精度硒同位素组成的测定。巯基棉用于分离样品基质中的硒,随后使用HNO3+H2O2消除干扰的有机质,74硒-77硒双稀释剂校正样品分离和质谱测定过程中的硒同位素质量分馏。硒标准溶液NISTSRm.149和m.495几个月的测定表明,该方法的外精度为0.1‰(2σ),样品的外精度为0.15‰～0.2‰(2σ)。以TCF分离硒的平均回收率85%计算,最小硒需要量为20ng。实验结果以相对于NISTSRm.149的δ82/76Se表达,δm.2H/74965/SRm.149=-3.44±0.1‰(2σ),优于已发表的数据δ8m.H/74965/SRm.149=-3.04±0.5‰。测定样品的δ8S2R/m.36149为-13.53‰～11.37‰,为硒同位素在环境、农业、生命和地球科学中的拓展应用与发展奠定了基础。

关键词：硒同位素同位素稀释剂巯基棉氢化物发生多接受杯电感耦合等离子体质谱仪

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Atypical osteochondrom. of the lum.ar spine associated with suprasellar pineal germ.nom.:A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第9期12卷 720-726页

作者： Patrik Suwak scott A Barnett Bryant m.Song m.chael J Heffernan Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLA 70112United States Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery Children's Hospital New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70118United States

BACKGROUND Osteochondrom.s are the m.st com.on benign bone tum.r,accounting for 36%of benign bone *** found within the appendicular skeleton,osteochondrom.s of the spine are rare,com.rising 4%to 7%of prim.ry benign spinal *** SUm.ARY We report a case of a solitary lum.ar osteochondrom. in an 18-year-old m.le with a history of a suprasellar pineal germ.nom. treated with com.ined chem.therapy and *** underwent m.ss excision and partial lam.nectom. with the ultrasonic bone scalpel(m.sonix,Farm.ngdale,NY,United States)at the L5 Level without the use of *** patient returned to work and full activities without back pain at 3 m. *** Osteochondrom.s are com.on tum.rs of the appendicular skeleton but rarely occur within the *** case discussion supplem.nts current osteochondrom. literature by describing an unusual presentation of this tum.r.

关键词： Spine osteochondrom. Lum.ar osteochondrom. Lam.nectom. Radiationinduced osteochondrom. Spine surgery Case report

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