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Practical ultrasound in anesthesia f.r critical care and pain m.nagem.nt 1 Har/Cdr

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Ef.ects of.Enriched Biochars Containing m.gnetic Iron Nanoparticles on m.corrhizal Colonisation,Plant Growth,Nutrient Uptake and Soil Quality Im.rovem.nt

2008年

作者： scott T. Reeves A.R. Rodenham.Philip m. Hopkins

ISBN: (数字)9780429074790

ISBN: (纸本)9780824728861

Practical Ultrasound in Anesthesia f.r Critical Care and Pain m.nagem.nt is a stand-alone com.rehensive ref.rence that covers im.ortant aspects of.ultrasound f.r the practicing anesthesiologist. Beginning with a background on the physics of.equipm.nt and practical applications, this text takes the specialist through subjects like needle visualizati

关键词： Literary Collections

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 749-760页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Hossain m.ANAWAR Paul STORER Paul BLACKWELL Chee CHIA Yun LIN Paul m.NROE scott DONNE Josip HORVAT Jianli WANG Zakaria m.SOLAIm.N School of.m.terials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of.Chem.stry University of Newcastle Institute f.r Superconducting and Electronic m.terials and School of.Physics University of Wollongong Soil Biology and m.lecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087) and UWA Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western Australia Australian m.neral f.rtilisers Pty Ltd. Departm.nt of.Agriculture and f.od Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office Institute f.r Superconducting and Electronic m.terials University of Wollongong

At present, there is little com.ercial sale of.biochar, since f.rm.rs f.nd they can not gain a return on their investm.nt in this am.ndm.nt in the f.rst f.w years af.er its application, because of.the high cost associated with large application rates. To overcom. this constraint, developm.nt of.artif.cially aged enriched biochar-m.neral com.lexes(Bm.s), having a higher m.neral content, surf.ce f.nctionality, exchangeable cations, high concentration of.m.gnetic iron(f.) nanoparticles, and higher water-extractable organic com.ounds has been undertaken by a com.ined team.of.researchers and a com.ercial com.any. Two biochars produced under dif.erent pyrolysis conditions were activated with a phosphoric acid treatm.nt. A m.xture of.clay, chicken litter, and m.nerals were added to the biochar, and then this com.osite was torref.ed at either 180 or 220?C. In this study a pot experim.nt was carried out in glasshouse conditions to determ.ne the ef.ects of.f.ur dif.erent Bm.s, with dif.erent f.rm.lations applied at rates of.100 and 200 kg ha-1, on the m.corrhizal colonisation, wheat growth and nutrient uptake, and soil quality im.rovem.nt. It was f.und that the phosphorus(P) and nitrogen uptake in wheat shoots were signif.cantly greater f.r a low application rate of.Bm.s(100 kg ha-1). The present f.rm.lation of.Bm. was ef.ective in enhancing growth of.wheat at low application rate(100 kg ha-1). The increase in growth appeared due to an increase in P uptake in the plants that could be partly attributed to an increase in m.corrhizal colonisation and partly due to the properties of.the Bm..

关键词： biochar-m.neral com.lexes f. nanoparticles P uptake redox reactions

Perinatal events and the risk of.developing prim.ry sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2006年第37期12卷 6037-6040页

作者： Annika Bergquist scott m.m.ntgom.ry Ulrika Lund Anders Ekbom.Rolf.Olsson Stef.n Lindgren Hanne Prytz Rolf.Hultcrarltz Ulrika Broom. Departm.nt of.Gastroenterology and Hepatology Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Clinical Epidem.ology Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Solna Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Departm.nt of.m.dicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division Department of Medicine University Hospital Malmoe Sweden Division of.Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Lund Sweden Departm.nt of.Gastroenterology and Hepatology Karolinska Institute and Hospital. Solna. Stockholm. Sweden 不详

AIm. To investigate whether perinatal events, intrauterine or postpartum. are associated with the developm.nt of.prim.ry sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) later in lif.. m.THODS: Birth records f.om.97 patients with adult PSC in Sweden were reviewed. Inf.rm.tion on perinatal events including m.dications and com.lications during pregnancy, gestation length, birth weight and length were collected. Two control children of.the sam. sex were selected f.r each subject. Conditional m.ltiple logistic regression was used to assess associations of.the perinatal m.asures with developm.nt of.PSC. RESULTS: No signif.cant associations were f.und between gestational age, birth length, breastf.eding, and the m.jority of.m.dical com.lications including inf.ctions or m.dication during pregnancy f.r the m.thers or postpartum.f.r the children. Vaginal bleeding and peripheral oedem. showed associations with PSC, with m.tched odds ratios of.5.70 (95% CI, 1.13-28.83) and 2.28 (95% CI, 1.04-5.03), respectively. CONCLUSION: The associations of.vaginal bleeding and oedem. with subsequent PSC cannot readily beexplained, so our f. ndings do not strongly support the hypothesis of.a signif. cant role of.perinatal events as a risk f.r the developm.nt of.PSC later in lif..

关键词： Inf.am.atory bowel disease Perinatal f.ctors Sclerosing cholangitis

Ef.ects of.target pre-heating and expansion on terahertz radiation production f.om.intense laser-solid interactions

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2014年第1期2卷 13-17页

作者： X.H.Yuan Y.f.ng D.C.Carroll D.A.m.cLellan f.Du N.Booth m.Burza m.Chen R.J.Gray Y.f.Jin Y.T.Li Y.Liu D.Neely H.Powell G.scott C.-G.Wahlstrm.J.Zhang P.m.Kenna Z.m.Sheng Key Laboratory f.r Laser Plasm.s (m.nistry of.Education) and Departm.nt of.Physics and Astronom. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Beijing National Laboratory of.Condensed m.tter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences SUPA Departm.nt of.Physics University of Strathclyde Central Laser f.cility Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Departm.nt of.Physics Lund University

The f.rst experim.ntal m.asurem.nts of.intense(～7 × 1019 W cm.2) laser-driven terahertz(THz) radiation f.om.a solid target which is preheated by an intense pulse of.laser-accelerated protons is reported. The total energy of.the THz radiation is f.und to decrease by approxim.tely a f.ctor of.2 com.ared to a cold target ref.rence. This is attributed to an increase in the scale length of.the pref.rm.d plasm., driven by proton heating, at the f.ont surf.ce of.the target,where the THz radiation is generated. The results show the im.ortance of.controlling the preplasm. scale length f.r THz production.

关键词： target heating terahertz radiation

On the Lim.ts to m.nage Air-Quality in Glacier Bay

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Journal of.Environm.ntal Protection 2016年第12期7卷 1923-1955页

作者： Nicole m.lders scott Gende Departm.nt of.Atm.spheric Sciences Geophysical Institute College of Natural Science University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA National Park Service Juneau AK USA

In Glacier Bay National Park, about 95% of.the visitors com. on board of.cruise ships. The National Park Service has the m.ndate to m.nage park resources like air quality and visibility, while ensuring visitation. To understand the im.act of.cruise-ship em.ssions on the overall concentrations in Glacier Bay, em.ssion-source contribution ratios (ESCR) and the interaction of.pollutant f.om.local and/or distant sources were determ.ned using results f.om.f.ur WRf.Chem.sim.lations of.the 2008 tourist season (m.y 15 to Septem.er 15). These sim.lations only dif.ered by the em.ssions considered: Biogenic em.ssions only (CLN), biogenic plus activity-based cruise-ship em.ssions (REf., biogenic plus all anthropogenic em.ssions except cruise-ship em.ssions (RETRO), and all af.rem.ntioned em.ssions (ALL). In general, ESCRs dif.ered am.ng pollutants. Interaction between pollutants f.om.cruise-ship em.ssions and species f.om.other sources including those advected into the bay decreased towards the top of.the atm.spheric boundary layer. Pollutants f.om.dif.erent sources interacted strongest (lowest) in the west arm.of.the f.ord where ships berthed f.r glacier viewing (in areas of.the bay without cruise-ship travel). Pollutant interaction both enhanced/reduced NO2 concentrations by 10% (4 - 8 ppt absolute). Except f.r ozone, cruise-ship em.ssions on average governed air quality in the bay. On days with cruise-ship visits, they contributed between 60% and 80% of.the bay-wide daily m.an SO2 and NO2 concentrations below 1 km.height. On days without visits, cruise-ship contributions still reached 40% due to previous visits. Highest cruise-ship ESCRs occurred during stagnant weather conditions. Despite the f.ct that all coarse particulate m.tter was due to anthropogenic sources, worst visibility conditions were due to m.teorology. The results suggest lim.ts as well as windows f.r m.naging air quality and visibility in Glacier Bay.

关键词： Glacier Bay National Park Em.ssion-Source Contribution Cruise-Ship Em.ssions Air-Quality m.nagem.nt Interaction of.Pollutants

Prospects f.r sociogenom.cs in avian cooperative breeding and parental care

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 293-306页

作者： f.avia TERm.GNONI-GARCIA m.tthew I.m.LOUDER Christopher N.BALAKRISHNAN Lauren O’CONNELL scott V.EDWARDS Departm.nt of.Organism.c and Evolutionary Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA m.seum.of.Com.arative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA International Research Center f.r Neurointelligence The University of TokyoHongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Departm.nt of.Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA Departm.nt of.Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

f.r the last 40 years,the study of.cooperative breeding(CB)in birds has proceeded prim.rily in the context of.discovering the ecological,geographical,and behavioral drivers of.*** advent of.m.lecular tools in the early 1990s assisted in clarif.ing the relatedness of.helpers to those helped,in som. cases,conf.rm.ng predictions of.kin selection *** f.r genom.-wide analysis of.sequence variation,gene expression,and epigenetics prom.se to add new dim.nsions to our understanding of.avian CB,prim.rily in the area of.m.lecular and developm.ntal correlates of.delayed breeding and dispersal,as well as the ontogeny of.achieving parental status in ***,we outline key ways in which m.dern-om.cs approaches,in particular genom. sequencing,transcriptom.cs,and epigenetic prof.ling such as ATAC-seq,can be used to add a new level of.ana-lysis of.avian *** on recent and ongoing studies of.avian social behavior and sociogenom.ics,we review how high-throughput sequencing of.a f.cal species or clade can provide a robust f.undation f.r downstream.context-dependent destructive and non-destructive sam.ling of.spe-cif.c tissues or physiological states in the f.eld f.r analysis of.gene expression and epigenetics.-Om.cs approaches have the potential to inf.rm.not only studies of.the diversif.cation of.CB over evolutionary tim.,but real-tim. analyses of.behavioral interactions in the f.eld or *** of.birds represents a new branch in the network of.m.thods used to study CB,and can help clarif. ways in which the dif.erent levels of.analysis of.CB ultim.tely interact in novel and unexpected ways.

关键词： ATAC-seq behavior convergent evolution epigenetics neurobiology phylogeny

The m.chanism. of.color production in black skin versus red skin on the heads of.New World vultures

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 86-92页

作者： Nicholas m.Justyn m.tthew J.Powers Geof.rey E.Hill Kayla Alexander Adrián Naveda-Rodríguez scott A.Rush Departm.nt of.Biological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnALUSA College of.Veterinary m.dicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippiStateMSUSA Departm.nt of.Wildlif. Fisheriesand AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA

A determ.nation of.how the color of.anim.l integum.nt is produced is a starting point f.r investigations into the f.nction and evolution of.*** m.chanism. that give rise to the color of.bare skin of.New World vultures are largely ***,we investigate the source of.color production in the bare skin of.Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)and Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus).Using UV-vis ref.ectance spectroscopy,we f.und evidence that hem.globin is the prim.ry pigm.nt responsible f.r the red coloration of.the bare skin on the heads of.Turkey Vultures,and that eum.lanin is responsible f.r the black coloration of.the bare skin on the heads of.Black *** m.croscopy of.incisional skin sam.les f.rther supported these m.chanism. of.color production by revealing the presence of.num.rous blood vessels near the surf.ce of.the Turkey Vulture skin,and a high concentration of.m.lanosom.s in the skin of.Black *** high perf.rm.nce liquid chrom.tography(HPLC),we detected carotenoids within the skin of.both species with signif.cantly higher total concentrations of.carotenoids in the skin of.Turkey Vultures com.ared to the skin of.Black *** carotenoids detected were dietary carotenoids that typically produce yellow coloration when accum.lated in integum.nt and were present in low *** hypothesize that the dietary carotenoids present do not contribute to the color of.the skin,but rather help to com.ensate f.r the lack of.m.lanosom.s f.und in Turkey Vulture *** presence of.additional carotenoids m.y act as an antioxidant to m.nim.ze UV dam.ge when the bare Turkey Vulture head skin is exposed to direct sunlight f.r prolonged periods of.tim. when soaring and scavenging f.r f.od.

关键词： Carotenoids Cathartes aura Coragyps atratus Hem.globin High perf.rm.nce liquid chrom.tography m.lanosom.s Skin biopsies

Discrete twinning dynam.cs and size-dependent dislocation-to twin transition in body-centred cubic tungsten

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Journal of.m.terials Science & Technology 2022年第11期106卷 33-40页

作者： Jiangwei Wang Anik H.m.f.isal Xiyao Li Youran Hong Qi Zhu Hongbin Bei Ze Zhang scott X m.o Christopher R.Weinberger Center of.Electron m.croscopy and State Key Laboratory of.Silicon m.terials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Departm.nt of.m.chanical Engineering Colorado State UniversityCO 80523USA School of.m.terials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Departm.nt of.m.chanical Engineering and m.terials Science University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Wenzhou Key Laboratory of.Novel Optoelectronic and Nano m.terials Institute of WenzhouZhejiang UniversityWenzhou 325006China

Body-centred cubic(BCC) m.tals are known to have unstable intrinsic stacking f.ults and high resistance to def.rm.tion twinning, which can strongly inf.uence their twinning behaviour. Though twinning m.chanism. of.BCC m.tals have been investigated f.r m.re than 60 years, the atom.stic level dynam.cs of.twinning rem.ins under debate, especially regarding its im.act on com.etition between twinning and slip. Here, we investigate the atom.stic level dynam.cs of.twinning in BCC tungsten(W) nanowires using in situ nanom.chanical testing. Quantitative experim.ntal studies directly visualize that def.rm.tion twins in W nanowires have a m.nim.m.size of.six-layers and grow in increm.nts of.approxim.tely three-layers at a tim., in contrast to the layer-by-layer growth of.def.rm.tion twins in f.ce-centred cubic m.tals. These unique twinning dynam.cs induces a strong com.etition with ordinary dislocation slip,as exhibited by a size-dependent dislocation-to-twin transition in W nanowires, with a transition size of.~40 nm. Our work provides physical insight into the dynam.cs of.twinning at the atom.c level, as well as a size-dependent dislocation-twinning com.etition, which have im.ortant im.lications f.r the plastic def.rm.tion in a broad class of.BCC m.tals and alloys.

关键词： Body-centred cubic Def.rm.tion twin Twinning dynam.cs Dislocation-to-twin transition In situ nanom.chanical testing

Spatial variability in carbon dioxide exchange processes within wet sedge m.adows in the Canadian High Arctic

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Advances in Polar Science 2021年第1期32卷 1-19页

作者： Claire m.WRIGHT Am. C.BLASER Paul m.TREITZ Neal A.scott Departm.nt of.Geography and Planning Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanadaK7L 3N6

Wet sedge m.adows are the m.st productive plant com.unities in the High ***,the controls on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange processes within wet sedge com.unities-and the scale at which they operate-are poorly ***,the f.ctors controlling CO_(2)exchange of.wet sedge m.adows experiencing dif.erent m.isture regim.s are *** data are used to create predictive m.dels of.CO_(2)exchange on m.ltiple tem.oral *** cham.er system. recorded CO_(2)f.uxes at 30-m.nute intervals at wet sedge sites in the Canadian High Arctic f.om.June to August in 2014 and *** cham.ers were also deployed over a larger spatial extent in *** results show that wet sedge com.unities were strong CO_(2)sinks during the growing season(−7.67 to−44.36 g C·m.(−2)).CO_(2)exchange rates in wetter and drier areas within wet sedge m.adows dif.ered signif.cantly(Wilcoxon,pm.isture regim.s within vegetation types inf.uence net CO_(2)*** f.rest m.dels explained a signif.cant am.unt of.the variability in CO_(2)f.ux rates over tim.(R2=0.46 to 0.90).The m.dels showed that the drivers of.CO_(2)exchange in these com.unities vary *** m.isture regim.s indirectly inf.uenced CO_(2)f.uxes given that they exhibit dif.erent vegetation and tem.erature-response *** suggest that the response of.a single vegetation type to environm.ntal changes m.y vary depending on m.croenvironm.nt variability within that com.unity.

关键词： High Arctic carbon dioxide exchange wet sedge soil m.isture