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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA l.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental Energy Technologies laboratory(EETl) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of.Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of.the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmalized by the radiative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resolution calls f.r two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the development of.the phase f.nction and the intensity into a third-order series of.legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of.the intensity and the phase f.nction, allows in the conditions of.a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical f.rmulation of.γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta f.nction and Modif.ed Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with ref.rence to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed New Method using the f.ndamental def.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision f.r wide domains of.the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate f.om the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially f.r high values of.optical thickness. In spite of.this divergence in ref.ectance f.r high values of.optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained f.r most cases of.optical thickness in this study. An analysis of.the legendre polynomial series f.r simple f.nctions shows that the high precision is due to the f.ct that the approximated f.nctions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of.approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the f.nction f.om which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of.app

关键词： Radiative Transf.r Equation two-stream method legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.ectance

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Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders:a dynamic duo

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2101-2102页

作者： Marit f.l.Ruitenberg Department of.Health Medical and NeuropsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands leiden Institute f.r Brain and Cognition Leidenthe Netherlands

People with neurodegenerative disorders of.en experience problems across a variety of.f.nctional domains,including cognition,movement,and psychosocial *** classif.cation of.these disorders is based on the phenotypical manif.stations that represent the most prominent clinical *** example,Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are typically regarded as movement disorders,whereas Alzheimer's disease(AD) and other dementias are regarded as cognitive disorders.

关键词： disorders Huntington degenerative

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Spalling characteristics of.high-temperature treated granitic rock at dif.erent strain rates

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Journal of.Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1280-1288页

作者： l.f.f.n Q.H.Yang X.l.Du The Key laboratory of.Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of.Ministry of.Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

The dynamic spalling characteristics of.rock are important f.r stability analysis in rock *** paper presented an experimental investigation on the dynamic spalling characteristics of.granite with dif.erent temperatures and strain rates.A series of.dynamic spalling tests with dif.erent impact velocities were conducted on thermally treated granite at dif.erent *** dynamic spalling strengths of.granite with dif.erent temperatures and strain rates were determined.A model was proposed to correlate the dynamic spalling strength of.granite,high temperature and strain *** results show that the spalling strength of.granite decreases with increasing ***,the spalling strength of.granite with a higher strain rate is larger than that with a lower strain *** proposed model can describe the relationship among dynamic spalling strength of.granite,high temperature and strain rate.

关键词： Dynamic spalling characteristics High temperature Strain rate Dynamic loading Granite

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langmuir-Schaef.r f.lm Investigation and Density f.nctional Theory Band Gap Calculations of.Calix[n]arene-Para-Aminobenzoic Acid f.r Drug Nanosensor Application

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Journal of.Wuhan University of.Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第5期39卷 1311-1318页

作者： WONG Yeong Yi f.l Supian A Radzwan M Musa N f.N Abd Karim Department of.Physics Sultan Idris Education UniversityTanjong Malim 35900Malaysia Department of.Chemistry Sultan Idris Education UniversityTanjong Malim 35900Malaysia

Calix[n]arenes was utilized to detect PABA,the primary sunscreen *** study investigates the interaction of.calix[4]arene(C4),calix[6]arene(C6),and PABA using the langmuir method and f.rst-principle density f.nctional theory(Df.).Using the langmuir-Schaef.r(lS)technique,an ultrathin f.lm composed of.calix[n]arenes and their complexes with PABA was deposited on various *** on the langmuir study,the PABA molecule was bonded to the lower rims of.both C4 and C6 with the host-guest ratio of.1:*** of.the lS f.lms f.rmed were then characterized by ultravioletvisible spectroscopy(UV-Vis),f.urier-transf.rm inf.ared spectroscopy(f.IR)and carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,sulf.r elemental analyzer(CHNS).The band gap reduction obtained in the Df. study denotes the charge transf.r interaction with promising reactivity between the calix[n]arenes and *** sensing of.PABA by C4 and C6 is successf.l based on the f.rmation of.bonding between them due to the hosts’ef.ective trapping *** outcomes of.this study could be applied to drug delivery systems f.r f.ture pharmaceutical and medical applications.

关键词： calix[n]arenes band gap density f.nctional theory langmuir-Schaef.r PABA sensor

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Resource management at the network edge f.r f.derated learning

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 765-782页

作者： Silvana Trindade luiz f.Bittencourt Nelson l.S.da f.nseca Institute of.Computing State University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

f.derated learning has been explored as a promising solution f.r training machine learning models at the network edge,without sharing private user *** limited resources at the edge,new solutions must be developed to leverage the sof.ware and hardware resources as the existing solutions did not f.cus on resource management f.r network edge,specially f.r f.derated *** this paper,we describe the recent work on resource manage-ment at the edge and explore the challenges and f.ture directions to allow the execution of.f.derated learning at the *** such as the discovery of.resources,deployment,load balancing,migration,and energy ef.i-ciency are discussed in the paper.

关键词： Resource management Edge computing f.derated learning Machine learning

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localized-states quantum conf.nement induced by roughness in CdMnTe/CdTe heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal of.Semiconductors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： leonarde N.Rodrigues Wesley f.Inoch Marcos l.f.Gomes Odilon D.D.Couto Jr. Bráulio S.Archanjo Sukarno O.f.rreira Physics Department Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil Instituto de f.sica Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil National Institute of.Metrology Quality and Technology(Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that despite a lattice mismatch of.almost 20%, CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructures grown directly on Si(111) have surprisingly good optical emission properties. The investigated structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, macro-and micro-photoluminescence. low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments indicate three emission bands which depend on the CdTe layer thickness and have dif.erent conf.nement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energy emission band (at 1.48 eV)is associated to def.cts and bound exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2D character and the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a well-def.ned (zero-dimensional, 0D) 0D nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of.sharp and strongly circularly polarized (up to 40%) emission lines which can be related to the presence of.Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of.producing photon sources with the typical spin control of.the diluted magnetic semiconductors using the low-cost silicon technology.

关键词： CdMnTe/CdTe/CdMnTe heterostructure CdTe/CdMnTe quantum emitters quantum dot-like emission silicon(111)substrate

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Adsorption of.yttrium(Y^(3+)) and concentration of.rare earth elements f.om phosphogypsum using chitin and chitin aerogel

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Journal of.Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 775-782页

作者： Glaydson S.dos Reis Diana Pinto Sabrina f.lütke Eder C.lima luis f.O.Silva Irineu A.S.De Brum Guilherme l.Dotto Department of.f.rest Biomaterials and Technology Biomass Technology Centre Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaE13Swedn Universidad De la Costa Calle 58#55-66080002BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering(ENGEPAC) Federal University of Santa MariaAv.Roraima100079705900Santa MariaRSBrazil Institute of.Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul90040060Porto AlegreBrazil

Chitin powder and chitin-aerogel were prepared f.om shrimp wastes and used to uptake Y^(3+)f.om aqueous solutions and concentrate this rare earth element f.om phosphogypsum(PG).Chitin aerogel displays a specif.c surf.ce area of.945 m^(2)/g,while chitin powder is 3.6 m^(2)/g,which largely inf.uences its adsorption *** the adsorption in synthetic solutions,the ef.ect of.pH on Y^(3+)removal is strong f.r chitin powder *** contrast,no big pH inf.uence was detected f.r chitin *** interactions and chelation can highlight the proposed mechanism of.Y^(3+)on chitin adsorbents f.r the powder and ***,in addition to these interactions,pore f.lling/pore dif.usion is the main mechanism of.Y^(3+)removal in the chitin *** aerogel is ef.icient in concentrating 8 times the Y^(3+)f.om PG,a very complex *** complex chitin aerogel-Y^(3+)can be a secondary source of.rare earth elements f.r other applications.

关键词： Rare earths Sustainable material Chitin powder Chitin porous aerogel Yttrium adsorption and recovery

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Quantitative Applications of.Weather Satellite Data f.r Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

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Journal of.Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： Jun lI Jing ZHENG Bo lI Min MIN Yanan lIU Chian-Yi lIU Zhenglong lI WPaul MENZEl Timothy J.SCHMIT John l.CINTINEO scott lINDSTROM scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han lIN Innovation Centre f.r f.ngyun Meteorological Satellite(f.SIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of.Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key laboratory f.r Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key laboratory of.Geographic Inf.rmation Science(Ministry of.Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center f.r Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute f.r Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of.Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on f.recast and Evaluation of.Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key laboratory of.Spatial Data Mining and Inf.rmation Sharing of.Ministry of.Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging f.om minutes to a f.w hours,are very important f.r decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations f.om weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of.those data f.r nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of.the severe storm at dif.erent stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identif.cation of.storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of.the *** observations can provide inf.rmation on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very usef.l f.r situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of.recent progress on quantitative applications of.satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and f.ture perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection

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Adsorption of.pharmaceutical pollutants on ZnCl_(2)-activated biochar f.om corn cob:Ef.iciency,selectivity and mechanism

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Journal of.Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 58-73页

作者： Christian f.Varela l.C.Moreno-Aldana Yazmin Yaneth Agámez-Pertuz Department of.Chemistry National University of ColombiaAv.Carrera 30 No.45-03BogotáD.C.Colombia Department of.Biology and Chemistry University of the Llanoskm 12 road to Puerto LópezVillavicencioColombia

The occurrence of.pharmaceuticals in water bodies and drinking water poses risks f.r the envi-ronment and human health,thus it is necessary to study methodologies that allow the ef.icient removal of.these *** this work,corn cob-derived biochar was obtained by ZnCl_(2)-activation,and subsequent carbonization at 700℃.The ef.ect of.contact time,temperature,pH,and initial concentration on the adsorption capacity of.acetaminophen(ACE)and amoxicillin(AMX)was determined through batch *** addition,the kinetics,isotherms,and ther-modynamics parameters were *** activated biochar exhibited a maximum adsorp-tion capacity of.332.08 mg/g f.r ACE and 175.86 mg/g f.r *** adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of.ACE corresponded to the pseudo-second order and langmuir model,***,pseudo-f.rst-order kinetics and the f.eundlich isotherm model were well-f.tted to AMX *** ACE and AMX co-adsorption had a synergistic ef.ect on AMX but an antagonistic ef.ect on ACE removal,achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of.193.51 and 184.58 mg/g,*** the other hand,f.xed-bed column experiments showed that the adsorption capacity depends on the inf.uent concentration,and the breakthrough curve f.ts the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson *** mechanism adsorption studies showed that surf.ce inter-actions(hydrogen bonding f.rmation and n-𝜋interactions)are the main driving f.rces f.r the adsorption process,and pore f.lling is the rate-limiting *** this way,the prepared biochar exhibits a high potential f.r the adsorption of.pharmaceutical compounds f.om water.

关键词： Biochar Adsorption Acetaminophen Amoxicillin Wastewater treatment

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Bio-f.rtilizer Improved Oil Palm Seedling Growth

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American Journal of.Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 455-466页

作者： Gabriel Ddamulira f. Masika A. Asiimwe l. Zubairi M. Otuba Horticulture & Oil Palm Program National Crops Resources Research Institute Kampala Uganda

In most f.rming systems newly introduced commercial f.rtilizers to be accepted, adopted and used by f.rmers, their ef.ectiveness and appropriate application rates must be exhibited. This study was conducted to validate the ef.ect and rates of.a bio-f.rtilizer (super agric) on oil palm seedling growth. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three application rates of.0, 4 and 8 ml/l of.water (treatments) replicated thrice. f.llowing the application of.super agric to oil palm seedlings f.r a period of.six months, observations drawn f.om the analysis of.growth data were as f.llows: Three months af.er treatment, super agric signif.cantly (P f.oil palm seedling compared to those which were not applied with super agric. The results also showed that when super agric was applied at a rate of.4 ml/l, the leaf.length and breadth were higher compared to the control were super agric was not used. f.rthermore, applications of.super agric improved oil palm seedling nitrogen uptake by 31% in treatment groups as compared to the control which explained the height and breadth increase in the oil palm seedlings that were applied with super agric. On the other hand, the ef.ect of.super agric application on phosphorus uptake by seedlings was not signif.cant. Although the height, breadth, leaf.width and length were all signif.cantly af.ected by super agric application, the number of.oil palm leaves and spears were not af.ected f.r the period the experiment was conducted. Six months af.er application of.super agric the growth of.oil palm seedlings was f.vorably impacted, hence we recommend super agric to be promoted among oil palm seedling growers.

关键词： Bio-f.rtilizer Seedling Growth Application Rates Super Agric

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