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Advances in soil erosion research:Mechanisms,modeling and applications-A special issue in honor of *** Nearing

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 589-591页

作者： Viktor Polyakov Claire Baffaut Vito Ferro scott Van Pelt Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E Allen RdTucsonAZ85718USA Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit USDA-ARS241 Ag Engineering BuildingUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA Department of Agricultural Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoViale Delle ScienzeBuilding 490128PalermoItaly Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS38104th StLubbockTX79401USA

*** Long-term sustainability of soils is one of the critical challenges facing *** erosion is an intrinsic geomorphological pro-cess,which if accelerated can threaten natural ecosystems and agri-culture through loss of productivity,sedimentation,and associated *** efforts to mitigate these problems require changes in management practices and large *** puts special emphasis on understanding physical processes driving soil erosion,developing techniques for accurate estimation of erosion rates and its on-site and off-site impacts,as well as devel-oping new modeling,prediction,and management tools.

关键词： soil erosion driving

Overview of the development and application of wind energy in New Zealand

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第6期4卷 725-742页

作者： Zhiguo Zhang Xiran Liu Dan Zhao scott Post Jiasen Chen School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou310023China Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of CanterburyNew Zealand Department of Aerospace Engineering College of EngineeringEmbry-Riddle Aeronautical UniversityFLUSA

The restructuring of the energy industry is imperative,as New Zealand strives to reduce greenhouse gas *** Zealand has abundant renewable energy resources,and about 85%of current electricity generation is from renewable energy ***,in recent years,it appears that a considerable fraction of wind energy has been *** article reviews the history,current status,and future trends of wind energy development in New *** main challenges to the current development of wind energy are summarized compared to other *** main challenges come from the bi-cultural influence,environmental influence,and economic and social influence due to the variable nature of wind power,it is critical to store and operate power safely and reliably during peak power generation *** article compares seven mainstream wind energy storage technologies and analyzes the best solution for wind energy storage in New *** article analyzes the feasibility of using small-scale household(standard power rating range from 0.004 to 16 kW)wind turbines in New Zealand cities regarding their construction and operation *** life cycle and the maximum capacity coefficient of such small-scale wind turbines are overviewed via three case studies and later compared with large commercial wind turbines(standard power rating ranges from 1 to 3 MW)in power generation *** has been found that small-scale household wind turbines have notable power generation potential and economic benefits in the long term.

关键词： Renewable energy Wind energy Energy storage technologies Small-scale wind turbines

Virome in immunodeficiency:what we know currently

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第22期136卷 2647-2657页

作者： Hu Wang Siqi Xu Shuang Li Bin Su scott Sherrill-Mix Guanxiang Liang Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research Clinical and Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Center for Infectious Disease Research School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100084China Department of Microbiology&Molecular Genetics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Over the past few years,the human virome and its complex interactions with microbial communities and the immune system have gained recognition as a crucial factor in human *** with compromised immune function encounter distinctive challenges due to their heightened vulnerability to a diverse range of infectious *** review aims to comprehensively explore and analyze the growing evidence regarding the role of the virome in immunocompromised disease *** surveying the latest literature,we present a detailed overview of virome alterations observed in various immunodeficiency *** then delve into the influence and mechanisms of these virome changes on the pathogenesis of specific diseases in immunocompromised ***,this review explores the clinical relevance of virome studies in the context of immunodeficiency,highlighting the potential diagnostic and therapeutic gains from a better understanding of virome contributions to disease manifestations.

关键词： Human virome Immunodeficiency People living with HIV PLWH Diagnosis Therapeutics Autoimmune diseases Organ transplantation

Skeletal muscle atrophy,regeneration,and dysfunction in heart failure:Impact of exercise training

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 557-567,F0003页

作者： Harrison Gallagher Paul W.Hendrickse Marcelo G.Pereira T.scott Bowen School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

This review highlights some established and some more contemporary mechanisms responsible for heart failure(HF)-induced skeletal muscle wasting and *** first describe the effects of HF on the relationship between protein synthesis and degradation rates,which determine muscle mass,the involvement of the satellite cells for continual muscle regeneration,and changes in myofiber calcium homeostasis linked to contractile *** then highlight key mechanistic effects of both aerobic and resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle in HF and outline its application as a beneficial ***,HF causes multiple impairments related to autophagy,anabolic-catabolic signaling,satellite cell proliferation,and calcium homeostasis,which together promote fiber atrophy,contractile dysfunction,and impaired *** both wasting and weakness are partly rescued by aerobic and resistance exercise training in HF,the effects of satellite cell dynamics remain poorly explored.

关键词： Calcium Exercise training Heart failure Satellite cells Skeletal muscle wastingTagedAPTARAEnd

Machine-learning-based intelligent framework for discovering refractory high-entropy alloys with improved high-temperature yield strength

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2247-2257页

作者： Stephen A.Giles Debasis Sengupta scott R.Broderick Krishna Rajan CFD Research Corporation 6820 Moquin Dr.NWHuntsvilleAL35806US Department of Material Design and Innovation University at Buffalo120 Bonner HallBuffaloNY14260USA

Refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)show significant elevated-temperature yield strengths and have potential to use as high-performance materials in gas turbine *** the vast RHEA compositional space experimentally is challenging,and a small fraction of this space has been explored to *** work demonstrates the development of a state-of-the-art machine learning framework coupled with optimization methods to intelligently explore the vast compositional space and drive the search in a direction that improves high-temperature yield *** yield strength model is shown to have a significantly improved predictive accuracy relative to the state-of-the-art approach,and also provides inherent uncertainty quantification through the use of repeated k-fold *** developing and validating a robust yield strength prediction model,the coupled framework is used to discover RHEAs with superior high temperature yield *** have shown that RHEA compositions can be customized to have maximum yield strength at a specific temperature.

关键词： strength alloys entropy

Signs and syndromes in acute appendicitis:A pathophysiologic approach

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第7期14卷 727-730页

作者： Steven Howard Yale Halil Tekiner Eileen scott Yale Internal Medicine University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32827United States Department of the History of Medicine and Ethics Erciyes University School of MedicineMelikgazi 38039KayseriTurkey Division of General Internal Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608United States

Physical examination signs have not been well studied,and their accuracy and reliability in diagnosis remain *** few studies available are limited in that the method of performing the sign was not stated,the technique used was not standardized,and the position of the appendix was not correlated with imaging or surgical *** appendiceal signs were written in a non-English language and may not have been appropriately translated(e.g.,Blumberg-Shchetkin and Rovsing).In other cases,the sign described differs from the original report(e.g.,Rovsing,Blumberg-Shchetkin,and Cope sign,Murphy syndrome).Because of these studies limitations,gaps remain regarding the signs’utility in the bedside diagnosis of acute *** on the few studies available with these limitations in mind,the results suggest that a positive test is more likely to be found in acute ***,a negative test does not exclude the ***,these tests increase the likelihood of ruling in acute appendicitis when positive but are less helpful in ruling out disease when *** about the correct method of performing the sign may be a valuable adjunct to the surgeon in further increasing their pretest probability of ***,it may allow surgeons to study these signs further to better understand their role in clinical *** the interim,these signs should continue to be used as a tool to supplement the clinical diagnosis.

关键词： Appendicitis Signs and symptoms Psoas Rovsing Signs and symptoms Syndrome

Uncertainty quantification in the Permian Basin using conventional and modified bootstrap methodology

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Petroleum Research 2023年第4期8卷 439-454页

作者： Chukwuemeka O.Okoli scott D.Goddard Obadare O.Awoleke Department of Petroleum Engineering University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks99775AlaskaUSA National Energy Technology Laboratory 1450 Queen Avenue SWAlbany97321OregonUSA Department of Mathematics&Statistics University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanks99775AlaskaUSA

Various uncertainty quantification methodologies are presented using a combination of several deter-ministic decline curve analysis models and two bootstrapping *** probabilistic models are applied to 126 sample wells from the Permian *** are presented for 12-72 months of pro-duction hindcast given an average well production history of 103 *** on the coverage rate and the forecast error(with the coverage rate being more significant in our choice of the best probabilistic models)and using up to one-half of the available production history for a group of sample wells from the Permian Basin,we find that the CBM-SEPD combination is the best probabilistic model for the Central Basin Platform,the MBM-Arps combination is the best probabilistic model for the Delaware Basin,the CBM-Arps is the best probabilistic model for the Midland Basin,and the best probabilistic model for the overall Permian Basin is the CBM-Arps when early time data is used as hindcast and CBM-SEPD for when one-quarter to one-half of the data is used as *** three-quarters or more of the available production history is used for analysis,the MBM-SEPD probabilistic model is the best combination in terms of both coverage rate and forecast error for all the sub-basins in the *** novelty of this work lies in its extension of bootstrapping methods to other decline curve analysis *** work also offers the engineer guidance on the best choice of probabilistic model whilst attempting to forecast production from the Permian Basin.

关键词： Uncertainty quantification Machine learning Bootstrapping Reservoir forecasting Frequentist probabilistic models

Global Wheat Head Detection Challenges:Winning Models and Application for Head Counting

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 460-473页

作者： Etienne David Franklin Ogidi Daniel Smith scott Chapman Benoit de Solan Wei Guo Frederic Baret Ian Stavness UMR 1114 EMMAH INRAEAvignonFrance Arvalis–Institut du Végétal ParisFrance Department of Computer Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada School of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoTokyoJapan

Data competitions have become a popular approach to crowdsource new data analysis methods for general and specialized data science *** competitions have a rich history in plant phenotyping,and new outdoor field datasets have the potential to embrace solutions across research and commercial *** developed the Global Wheat Challenge as a generalization competition in 2020 and 2021 to find more robust solutions for wheat head detection using field images from different *** analyze the winning challenge solutions in terms of their robustness when applied to new *** found that the design of the competition had an influence on the selection of winning solutions and provide recommendations for future competitions to encourage the selection of more robust solutions.

关键词： Wheat specialized competition

The viscosity at the glass transition of a liquid lubricant

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Friction 2019年第1期7卷 86-91页

作者： scott BAIR Center for High-Pressure Rheology George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

In the classical study of elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) which does not employ real, measurable viscosity in analysis, the possibility of a glass transition has not been considered in many years. Indeed, the two rheological assumptions of classical EHL, the Newtonian inlet and the equivalence of a traction curve to a flow curve, would not have persisted so long had the pressure dependence of the viscosity been accurately stated. With the recent appearance of viscosity obtained from viscometers in EHL analysis, the possibility of a glass transition in the contact should be reexamined, especially for the fragile traction fluids. This article employs published data for a synthetic cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon to estimate the glass transition viscosity so that, when using real viscosities in EHL simulations, the state of the liquid may be assessed. Far into the glassy state the liquid should be treated as an elastic solid with a yield stress.

关键词： elastohydrodynamic lubrication glass transition high pressure viscosity EHL friction