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Spatially biased dispersal of acorns by a scatter-hoarding corvid may accelerate passive restoration of oak habitat on California＇s largest island

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 363-367页

作者： Mario B. PESENDORFER T. scott SILLETT scott A. MORRISON School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska - Lincoln 348 Manter Hall Lincoln NE 68588-0118 USA Migratory Bird Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park MRC 5503 Washington D.C. 20013-7012 USA Cornell Lab of Ornithology 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd Ithaca NY 14850 USA The Nature Conservancy 4th Floor 201 Mission Street San Francisco CA 94105 USA

Scatter hoarding by corvids （crows, jays, magpies, and nutcrackers） provides seed dispersal for many large-seeded plants, including oaks and pines. When hoarding seeds, corvids often choose nonrandom locations throughout the landscape, resulting in differential survival of seeds. In the context of habitat restoration, such disproportional storing of seeds in areas suitable for germin- ation and establishment can accelerate expansion and recovery of large-seeded tree populations and their associated ecosystems. Here, we investigate the spatial preferences of island scrub jays Aphelocoma insularis during scatter hoarding of acorns （Quercus spp.） on Santa Cruz Island. We use a large behavioral data set on the birds＇ behavior in combination with seedling surveys and spatial analysis to determine whether 1） island scrub jays disproportionally cache seeds in specific habitat types, and 2） whether the preferred habitat type is suitable for oak regeneration. Our results show that the jays nonrandomly cache acorns across the landscape; they use chaparral and coastal sage scrub disproportionally while avoiding open and grassy areas. The areas used most often for caching were also the areas with the highest oak seedling densities. We discuss the potential role of these findings for the recovery of Santa Cruz Island＇s oak habitat since the 1980s.

关键词： Aphelocoma insularis directional dispersal habitat restoration Quercus spp. scatter hoarding seed dispersal.

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Regulation of Power Conversion in Fuel Cells

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 466-469页

作者： ZHANG J. K. scott School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon TyneSchool of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK NE1 7RU UK

Here we report a regulation about power conversion in fuel cells. This regulation is expressed as that total power produced by fuel cells is always proportional to the square of the potential difference between the \{equilibrium\} potential and work potential. With this regulation we deduced fuel cell performance equation which can describe the potential *** current performance curves, namely, polarization curves of fuel cells with three power source parameters: equilibrium potential E_0; internal resistance R; and power conversion coefficient K. The concept of the power conversion coefficient is a new criterion to evaluate and compare the characteristics and capacity of different fuel cells. The calculated values obtained with this equation agree with practical performance of different types of fuel cells.

关键词： Fuel cell Power conversion coefficient Internal resistance Performance Potential

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Future of Ecocriticism:Strategic-openness and Sustainability—An Interview with scott Slovic

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Comparative Literature:East & West 2010年第2期 105-116页

作者： SLOVIC scott The University of Nevada Reno

斯科特·斯洛维克现为美国内华达大学(里诺)英语系文学与环境教授,美国生态批评运动的主要倡导者之一。他创立了生态批评领域规模最大、最具影响力的学术组织——文学与环境研究会(As Sociation for theStudy of Li terature and Enviro... 详细信息

斯科特·斯洛维克现为美国内华达大学(里诺)英语系文学与环境教授,美国生态批评运动的主要倡导者之一。他创立了生态批评领域规模最大、最具影响力的学术组织——文学与环境研究会(As Sociation for theStudy of Li terature and Environment/ASLE)并长期担任会长。该研究会拥有一千多名会员。他积极帮助英国、德国、加拿大、印度、日本、韩国、澳大利亚及新西兰等十多个国家的学者建立了环境研究会分会,主编生态批评的权威期刊《文学与环境的跨文化研究》(Interdisciplinary Studies inLiterature and Environment,简称ISLE),编辑环境文学教材、文集近20种,代表作包括《探寻美国自然写作中的觉醒意识》、《走出去思考》等多部专著,发表论文1 50余篇。2010年5月到山东大学讲学,期间应邀到包括四川师范大学在内的几所大学访学并做系列讲座。本篇访谈是斯洛维克成都讲座基础上的一个拓展,主要集中讨论了生态批评的一些热点问题和生态批评的未来发展。斯洛维克认为,生态批评的策略开放和可持续发展是生态批评的活力和未来发展趋势。

关键词：生态批评环境研究文学教材山东大学编辑环境跨文化研究美国内华达学术组织澳大利亚自然写作

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Human immunodeficiency virus prevention strategies in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第3期133卷 318-325页

作者： Zun-You Wu Sarah Robbins scott Division of HIV Prevention National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUnited States.

This paper reviews the current epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection in China,particularly the globally available prevention strategies developed and *** review focuses on HIV prevention measures in general,such as education,testing,and counseling and in specific responses to transmission modes,such as blood safety,harm reduction for people who inject drugs,and condom promotion to reduce sexual *** also assess newly developed prevention measures,such as prevention treatment,pre-exposure prophylaxis,post-exposure prophylaxis,male circumcision,and promising potential future preventions,including microbicides and *** on this assessment,we provide recommendations for their implementation in *** conclude that there is no magic bullet for HIV prevention,particularly sexual transmission of the disease,but only a combination of these prevention strategies can control the HIV epidemic.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus infection Epidemic Prevention strategies China

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Plants and Global Environmental Change:A Special Issue Highlighting Younger Scientists

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1337-1338页

作者： scott A.Heckathorn The University of Toledo

Humans are changing the global environment to such an extent that they are changing global climate （IPCC 2007; http：//***/）. The pace, if not the eventual extent, of this climate change may be rare in Earth＇s history, and these rapid changes in climate will have profound negative impacts on biodiversity of the planet and on the quality of human life （Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; http：*** en/***）. It is already widely believed that the Earth has entered a new geological period termed the Anthropocene, in recognition of the impact that humans are having on the Earth, and it is predicted that human-caused changes to Earth＇s environment and climate will likely be the foremost problems facing humans in the coming decades.

关键词： Plants and Global Environmental Change

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Management : competing in the new era / Thomas S. Bateman, scott A. Snell. 5th ed.

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2002年

作者： Thomas S. Bateman, scott A. Snell.

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Unsupervised learning of load signatures to estimate energy-related building features using surrogate modelling techniques

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1273-1286页

作者： Shane Ferreira Burak Gunay Araz Ashouri scott Shillinglaw Carleton University OttawaK1S 5B6Canada National Research Council Canada OttawaK1A 0R6Canada

Characterization of an existing building’s energy-related features is critical to inform maintenance and retrofit ***,existing field-scale characterization methods tend to be labour intensive,invasive,and require high fidelity longitudinal data gathered through tightly regulated *** highlights the need for a low cost,scalable,and efficient screening *** paper puts forward a surrogate model-based approach to rapidly estimate energy-related building *** this end,EnergyPlus models for 12 midrise office archetypes,all with a rectangular footprint,are *** thousand variants of each archetype are generated by altering envelope,causal heat gain,and heating,ventilation,and air conditioning operation features.A unique load signature is derived for each variant’s heating and cooling energy *** parameters of the load signatures are clustered,then each cluster is associated with a set of plausible energy-related *** accuracy of the results was evaluated using five test buildings not seen by the *** method could effectively identify building features with reasonable accuracy and no significant degradation in performance across all 12 archetypes.

关键词： remote characterization energy-related building features surrogate modelling cluster analysis

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Purinergic signaling systems across comparative models of spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 2391-2398页

作者： Eva E.Stefanova Angela L.scott Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Within the last several decades,the scientific community has made substantial progress in elucidating the complex pathophysiology underlying spinal cord ***,despite the many advances using conventional mammalian models,both cellular and axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury have remained out of *** this sense,turning to non-mammalian,regenerative species presents a unique opportunity to identify pro-regenerative cues and chara cterize a spinal cord microenvironment permissive to *** the signaling pathways hypothesized to be dysregulated during spinal cord injury is the purinergic signaling *** addition to its well-known role as energy currency in cells,ATP and its metabolites are small molecule neurotransmitte rs that mediate many diverse cellular processes within the central nervous *** our unde rstanding of the roles of the purinergic system following spinal cord injury is limited,this signaling pathway has been implicated in all injury-induced secondary processes,including cellular death,inflammation,reactive gliosis,and neural *** that the purinergic system is also evolutionarily conserved between mammalian and non-mammalian species,comparisons of these roles may provide important insights into conditions responsible for recovery ***,we compare the secondary processes between key model species and the influence of purinergic signaling in each *** our understanding of this signaling system and pro-regenerative conditions continues to evolve,so does the potential for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury.

关键词： cell death differenriation glia inflammation neurogenesis proliferation purinergic signaling reactive gliosis regeneration spinal cord injury teleost

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A decade of Bt cotton in Chinese fields: Assessing the direct effects and indirect externalities of Bt cotton adoption in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 981-991页

作者： scott ROZELLE Carl PRAY Food Security and the Environment Program Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers the State University of New Jersey

The objective of this study is to examine whether or not the gains from reduced spraying for bollworms are being sustained more than one decade after the initial adoption in 2007. Based on farm-level data collected by the authors in 1999–2007 in 16 villages from 4 provinces, this study shows that insecticides applied for controlling bollworms have declined. This analysis supports Chinese policy makers’ decision to not require refuges of non-Bt cotton fields. It also suggests that past studies may have underestimated the benefits from adopting Bt technology.

关键词： biotechnology Bt cotton insecticide sustainability externalities China

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Calibration of the Albian/Cenomanian Boundary by Ammonite Biostratigraphy:*** Interior

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第6期81卷 940-948页

作者： Robert W.scott University of Tulsa and Precision Stratigraphy Associates

Calibration of numerical ages to the geological time scale is a long scientific pursuit that requires the integration of multiple data sets. A case study of the Albian/Cenomanian stage boundary, also the Lower/Upper Cretaceous series boundary, illustrates the calibration process. The numerical age of this boundary has shifted from 96 Ma to 99 Ma over a time span of nearly fifty years. Recalibration resulted first from improvements in radiometric dating, and later from inferences about ammonite phylogeny, and most recently from radiometric dates of newly discovered volcanic beds interbedded with diagnostic guide fossils. However, the calibration process continues with study of cosmopolitan dinoflagellates.

关键词： Albian/Cenomanian ammonite biostratigraphy age calibration

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