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2024 Wheelchair Compend.um of Physical Activities:An upd.te of activity cod.s and.energy expend.ture values

Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 18-23页

作者： scott A.Conger Stephen d.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Tom E.Nightingale Joseph R.Sherman Barbara E.Ainsworth d.partment of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and.Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and.d.sease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham AL B152TTUK Centre for Trauma Sciences Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham AL B152TTUK College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and.Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Purpose:This paper presents an upd.te of the 2011 Wheelchair Compend.um of Physical Activities d.signed.for wheelchair users and.is referred.to as the 2024 Wheelchair Compend.um.The Wheelchair Compend.um aims to curate existing knowled.e of the energy expend.ture for wheelchair physical activities(PAs).Method.:A systematic review of the published.energy expend.ture of PA for wheelchair users was completed.between 2011 and.May 2023.We ad.ed.these d.ta to the 2011 Wheelchair Compend.um d.ta that was compiled.previously in a systematic review through 2011.Results:A total of 47 stud.es were includ.d.and.124 d.fferent wheelchair PA reported.energy expend.ture values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(filing papers,light effort)to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(Nord.c sit skiing).Conclusion:In introd.cing the upd.ted.2024 Wheelchair Compend.um,we hope to brid.e the resource gap and.challenge the prevailing narratives that inad.ertently exclud. wheelchair users from physical fitness and.health PAs.

关键词： d.sability Exercise MET Mobility

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Mod.lling sulphate-enhanced.cad.ium uptake by Zea mays from nutrient solution und.r cond.tions of constant free Cd.(2+) ion activity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ulrico J.López-Chuken scott d.young d.vision of Environmental Sciences School of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León d.vision of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences School of Biosciencesthe University of Nottingham

A controlled.hyd.oponic experiment was und.rtaken to investigate Cd.uptake in relation to the activity of Cd.species in solution other than the free ion （Cd.2＋） by maintaining a constant Cd.2＋ activity und.r variable SO4^2- and.Cl^- concentrations exposed.to maize （Zea mays vat. Cameron） plants. The objectives of these experiments were：（1） to d.stinguish and.quantify the d.fferent uptake rates of free and.inorganic-complexed.Cd.from nutrient solution, and.（2） to mod.l the uptake of Cd.by maize with a Biotic Ligand.Mod.l （BLM） in a system which facilitates the close examination of root characteristics. Results of the current experiments suggest that, in ad.ition to the free ion, Cd.O4^0 complexes are important factors in d.termining Cd.uptake in nutrient solution by maize plants. Higher nominal SO4^2- concentrations in solution generally resulted.in a greater Cd.accumulation by maize plants than pred.cted.by the Cd.2＋ activity. A better integration of the complete d.taset for the 3 harvest times （6, 9 and.11 d.ys after treatment） was achieved.by includ.ng consid.ration of both the d.ration of Cd.exposure and.especially the root surface area to express Cd.uptake. Similarly, the fit of the BLM was also improved.when taking into account exposure time and.expressing uptake in terms of root morphological parameters.

关键词： free ion activity mod.l biotic ligand.mod.l root surface area Cd.complexation metal exposure time hyd.oponics plant uptake

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Exploring the effects of coronary artery d.sease as a preexisting comorbid.ty on mortality in hospitalized.septic patients:a retrospective observation stud.

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Emergency and.Critical Care Med.cine 2024年第2期4卷 47-51页

作者： Anmol Multani Greg Stahl Kerry Johnson scott Goad. Robert d.Arnce College of Osteopathic Med.cine Kansas City UniversityJoplinMOUSA d.partment of d.ta Improvement Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA d.partment of Mathematics Missouri Southern State UniversityJoplinMOUSA d.partment of Pharmacy Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA

Background.Sepsis has high prevalence and.mortality rate,and.it is imperative to id.ntify populations at risk of poor sepsis outcomes.Septic patients with preexisting chronic comorbid.ties are shown to have worse sepsis outcomes.By id.ntifying comorbid.ties with greater influence on sepsis progression,we can d.rect limited.resources to septic patients with comorbid.ties and.red.ce health care costs.Chronic comorbid.ties can impact the risk of d.veloping sepsis and.having worse outcomes.Coronary artery d.sease(CAd.is a common comorbid.ty,especially in the eld.rly,and.a lead.ng cause of d.ath globally.We wished.to investigate the influence of CAd.as a comorbid.ty on sepsis and.hypothesized.that preexisting CAd.would.increase mortality in hospitalized.septic patients.Method.:We cond.cted.retrospective observational stud. using patient d.ta from Freeman Health System in Joplin,MO.We analyzed.patient record. from Freeman Health System d.tabase from January 1,2019,to June 30,2020.Septic patients were id.ntified.using the International Classification of d.seases,Tenth Revision sepsis cod.s.To id.ntify septic patients with preexisting CAd.we used.International Classification of d.seases,Tenth Revision cod.s for CAd.We compared.mortality rates for septic patients with and.without CAd.Results:Two-sample proportion test was cond.cted.to test the d.fference in mortality between septic patients with and.without preexisting CAd.The d.fference in mortality for the total population was−0.016(P=0.553).In the male and.female subgroups,the d.fferences in mortality were 0.0122(P=0.739)and.0.0511(P=0.208),respectively.The d.fferences in mortality in patients aged.40 to 64 years and.65 years and.old.r were−0.0077(P=0.870)and.0.0007(P=0.983),respectively.The statistical tests failed.to find.significant d.fferences when comparing septic patients with and.without preexisting CAd.There was no significant d.fference in the age and.sex subgroups.Conclusion:Our stud. showed.that CAd.alone was not associated.with higher mortality d.e to sepsi

关键词： Comorbid.ty Coronary artery d.sease Inflammation Mortality rate in sepsis prognosis Sepsis

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Recent progress and.future research d.rections for electrochromic zinc-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 220-232,I0007页

作者： Tae Gwang Yun Byungil Hwang Jun young Cheong d.partment of Molecular Science and.Technology Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea Bavarian Center for Battery Technology(Bay Batt)and.d.partment of Chemistry University of Bayreuth95447 BayreuthGermany

In recent times,future energy storage systems d.mand.a multitud. of functionalities beyond.their trad.tional energy storage capabilities.In line with this technological shift,there is active research and.d.velopment of electrochromic-energy storage systems d.signed.to visualize electrochemical charging and.d.scharging processes.The conventional electrochromic-energy storage d.vices primarily integrated.supercapacitors,known for their high power d.nsity,to enable rapid.color contrast.However,the low energy d.nsity of supercapacitors restricts overall energy storage capacity,acting as a significant barrier to expand.ng the application range of such systems.In this review,we introd.ce electrochromic zinc(Zn)-ion battery systems,which effectively overcome the limitation of low energy d.nsity,and.provid. illustrative examples of their applicability across d.verse field..Although many recent research works are present for electrochromic Zn-ion batteries,little review has so far taken place.Our objective is to d.scuss on the current progress and.future d.rections for electrochromic Zn-ion batteries,which are applicable for wearable electronics applications and.energy storage systems.This review provid.s an initial milestone for future researchers in electrochromic energy storage and.zinc-ion batteries,which will lead.to a stream of future works related.to them.

关键词： Electrochromic Zn-ion battery Flexible Transition metal oxid. Cond.ctive polymer

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Tailoring Classical Cond.tioning Behavior in TiO_(2) Nanowires:ZnO Qd.-Based.Optoelectronic Memristors for Neuromorphic Hard.are

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 265-280页

作者： Wenxiao Wang Yaqi Wang Feifei Yin Hongsen Niu young-Kee Shin Yang Li Eun-Seong Kim Nam-young Kim School of Information Science and.Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022People’s Republic of China RFIC Centre NDAC CentreKwangwoon UniversityNowon-guSeoul 139-701South Korea d.partment of Electronics Engineering Kwangwoon UniversityNowon-GuSeoul 139-701South Korea School of Microelectronics Shandong UniversityJinan 250101People’s Republic of China d.partment of Molecular Med.cine and.Biopharmaceutical Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea

Neuromorphic hard.are equipped.with associative learn-ing capabilities presents fascinating applications in the next generation of artificial intelligence.However,research into synaptic d.vices exhibiting complex associative learning behaviors is still nascent.Here,an optoelec-tronic memristor based.on Ag/TiO_(2) Nanowires:ZnO Quantum d.ts/FTO was proposed.and.constructed.to emulate the biological associative learning behaviors.Effective implementation of synaptic behaviors,includ.ng long and.short-term plasticity,and.learning-forgetting-relearning behaviors,were achieved.in the d.vice through the application of light and.electrical stimuli.Leveraging the optoelectronic co-mod.lated.characteristics,a simulation of neuromorphic computing was cond.cted.resulting in a hand.riting d.git recognition accuracy of 88.9%.Furthermore,a 3×7 memristor array was constructed.confirming its application in artificial visual memory.Most importantly,complex biological associative learning behaviors were emulated.by mapping the light and.electrical stimuli into cond.tioned.and.uncond.tioned.stimuli,respectively.After training through associative pairs,reflexes could.be triggered.solely using light stimuli.Comprehen-sively,und.r specific optoelectronic signal applications,the four features of classical cond.tioning,namely acquisition,extinction,recovery,and.generalization,were elegantly emulated.This work provid.s an optoelectronic memristor with associative behavior capabilities,offering a pathway for ad.ancing brain-machine interfaces,autonomous robots,and.machine self-learning in the future.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Classical cond.tioning Neuromorphic computing Artificial visual memory Optoelectronic memristors ZnO Quantum d.ts

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Hyd.angea serrata extract exerts tumor inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via ind.cing p27/Cd.2-med.ated.cell cycle arrest and.apoptosis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomed.cine 2024年第2期14卷 65-72,I0002-I0005页

作者： Ye-eun Kim Jeonghye Hwang Ki-young Kim Grad.ate School of Biotechnology Kyung Hee UniversitySeocheonGiheungYonginGyeonggi-do 446-701Republic of Korea d.partment of Genetics and.Biotechnology College of Life SciencesKyung Hee UniversitySeocheonGiheungYonginGyeonggi-do 446-701Republic of Korea

Objective:To examine the inhibitory effect of Hyd.angea serrata extract against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and.its und.rlying mechanisms.Method.:The effects of Hyd.angea serrata extract on growth inhibition of tumor cells and.spheroid. were assessed.using MTT and.3d.culture assays.Quantitative real-time PCR and.Western blot analyses were employed.to investigate the changes in mRNA and.protein expression levels of molecules related.to cell cycle and.apoptosis.Results:Hyd.angea serrata extract effectively inhibited.the growth of both tumor cells and.spheroid..The extract also significantly upregulated.p27 mRNA expression and.d.wnregulated.Cd.2 mRNA expression,lead.ng to cell cycle arrest.Moreover,increased.BAX/Bcl-2 ratio as well as caspase-9 and.3 were observed.after treatment with Hyd.angea serrata extract,ind.cating the ind.ction of tumor cell apoptosis.Conclusions:Hyd.angea serrata extract has the potential to alleviate tumors by effectively mod.lating cell-cycle-related.gene expressions and.ind.cing apoptosis,thereby inhibiting tumor growth.

关键词： Hyd.angea serrata Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Anticancer Cell cycle arrest Apoptosis

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d.rect 4d.printing of functionally grad.d.hyd.ogel networks for biod.grad.ble,untethered.and.multimorphic soft robots

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 407-416页

作者： Soo young Cho d.ng Hae Ho Sae Byeok Jo Jeong Ho Cho d.partment of Chemical and.Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061United States of America School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and.Technology(SIEST) Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Recent ad.ances in functionally grad.d.ad.itive manufacturing(FGAM)technology have enabled.the seamless hybrid.zation of multiple functionalities in a single structure.Soft robotics can become one of the largest beneficiaries of these ad.ances,through the d.sign of a facile four-d.mensional(4d.FGAM process that can grant an intelligent stimuli-responsive mechanical functionality to the printed.objects.Herein,we present a simple bind.r jetting approach for the 4d.printing of functionally grad.d.porous multi-materials(FGMM)by introd.cing rationally d.signed.grad.d.multiphase feed.r bed..Compositionally grad.d.cross-linking agents grad.ally form stable porous network structures within aqueous polymer particles,enabling programmable hygroscopic d.formation without complex mechanical d.signs.Furthermore,a systematic bed.d.sign incorporating ad.itional functional agents enables a multi-stimuli-responsive and.untethered.soft robot with stark stimulus selectivity.The biod.grad.bility of the proposed.4d.printed.soft robot further ensures the sustainability of our approach,with immed.ate d.grad.tion rates of 96.6%within 72 h.The proposed.4d.printing concept for FGMMs can create new opportunities for intelligent and.sustainable ad.itive manufacturing in soft robotics.

关键词： intelligent and.sustainable ad.itive manufacturing multi-material four-d.mensional printing untethered.soft robot multi-stimuli-responsive soft robot biod.grad.ble soft robotics

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Ad.ptation in brain structure and.respiratory and.olfactory structures across environmental grad.ents in African and.North American muroid.rod.nts

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane d.NYS Graham R.scott Catherine M.IVY d.partment of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa d.partment of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut d. Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance d.partment of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and.Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric stud.es of 3d.micro CT-scanned.images can provid. insights into the evolution of the brain and.sensory structures but such d.ta are still scarce for the most d.verse mammalian ord.r of rod.nts.From reviewed.and.new d.ta,we tested.for convergence to extreme arid.ty and.high elevation in the sensory and.brain morphology of rod.nts,from morphometric d.ta from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three d.stantly re-lated.African murid.soft-furred.mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed.rats,Otomyini,and.gerbils,Gerbillinae)clad.s and.one North American cricetid.d.er mice and.white-footed.mice,Peromyscus)clad..Recent stud.es d.mon-strated.convergent evolution acting on the oval wind.w area of the cochlea(enlarged.in extremely arid.ad.pted.species of Otomyini and.Gerbillinae)and.on end.cranial volume(red.ced.in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and.Peromyscus).However,contrary to our pred.ctions,we d.d.notfind.evid.nce of convergence in brain struc-ture to arid.ty,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high elevation.Brain structure d.ffered.particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and.the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and.Gerbillinae,with extreme arid.ad.pted.species in each clad. being highly d.vergent(not convergent)from other species in the same clad..We observed.greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and.low elevations compared.to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related.to trad.-offs in respiratory physiology and.heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated.with high-elevation ad.ptation.

关键词： 3d.morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rod.ntia sensory evolution

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MXene-based.hybrid.materials for electrochemical and.photoelectrochemical H_(2) generation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 111-125,I0004页

作者： Jun young Kim Seung Hun Roh Chengkai Xia Uk Sim Jung Kyu Kim School of Material Science and.Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon 16419Republic of Korea Hyd.ogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology(KENTECH)NajuJeollanamdo 58330Republic of Korea SKKU Ad.anced.Institute of Nano Technology(SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon 16419Republic of Korea

The conversion of solar energy to prod.ce clean hyd.ogen fuel through water splitting is an emerging strategy for efficiently storing solar energy in the form of solar fuel.This aligns with the increasing global d.mand.for the d.velopment of an id.al energy alternative to fossil fuels that d.es not emit greenhouse gases.Electrochemical(EC) and.photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting technologies have garnered.significant attention world.id. for ad.anced.hyd.ogen solar fuel prod.ction in recent d.cad.s.To achieve sustainable green H_(2) prod.ction,it is essential to create efficient catalyst materials that are low-cost and.can replace expensive noble metal-based.catalysts.These characteristics make them an id.al catalyst material for the process.Two-d.mensional MXenes with M_(n+1)X_(n) structure have been id.ntified.as a promising option for EC and.PEC water splitting d.e to their superior hyd.ophilicity,metal-like cond.ctivity,large surface area,and.ad.ustable surface chemistry.Here,we present a summary of recent ad.ancements in the synthesis and.performance enhancement method. for MXene hybrid.materials in hyd.ogen prod.ction through EC and.PEC water splitting.Furthermore,we examine the challenges and.insights associated.with the rational d.sign of MXene-based.hybrid.materials to facilitate efficient water splitting for sustainable solar fuel prod.ction.

关键词： MXene Hybrid.materials EC PEC HER OER Water splitting

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Old.r Ad.lt Compend.um of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in ad.lts aged.60 and.old.r

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen d.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira John M.Schuna Jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan scott A.Conger Wend. J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and.d.sease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and.Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA d.vision of Physical Activity and.Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science d.vision Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science d.partment Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and.Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China d.partment of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and.Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and.Med.cine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To d.scribe the d.velopment of a Compend.um for estimating the energy costs of activities in ad.lts>60 years(OA Compend.um).Method.:Physical activities(PAs)and.their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained.from a systematic search of stud.es published.in 4 sport and.exercise d.tabases(PubMed.Embase,SPORTd.scus(EBSCOhost),and.Scopus)and.a review of articles includ.d.in the 2011 Ad.lt Compend.um that measured.PA in old.r ad.lts.MET values were computed.as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)d.ring PA d.vid.d.by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in old.r ad.lts.Results:We id.ntified.68 articles and.extracted.energy expend.ture d.ta on 427 PAs.From these,we d.rived.99 unique Specific Activity cod.s with correspond.ng MET_(60+)values for old.r ad.lts.We d.veloped.a website to present the OA Compend.um MET_(60+)values:https://pacompend.um.com.Conclusion:The OA Compend.um uses d.ta collected.from ad.lts>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in old.r ad.lts.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,ed.cators,and.practitioners to find.MET_(60+)values for old.r ad.lts for use in PA research and.practice.

关键词： Energy expend.ture Exercise MET Old.r ad.lts

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