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Twenty years of drought-mediated change in snag populations in mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests in Northern Arizona

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第2期8卷 265-277页

作者： Joseph L.Ganey Jose M.Iniguez scott c.vojta Amy R.Iniguez US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station2500 S.Pine KnollAZ 86001 FlagstaffUSA

Background:Snags(standing dead trees)are important biological legacies in forest systems,providing numerous resources as well as a record of recent tree *** 1997 to 2017,we monitored snag populations in drought-influenced mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine(Pinus ponderosa)forests in northern ***:Snag density increased significantly in both forest *** increase was driven largely by a pulse in snag recruitment that occurred between 2002 and 2007,fol owing an extreme drought year in 2002,with snag recruitment returning to pre-pulse levels in subsequent time *** later years during the study also were warmer and/or drier than average,but these years were not as extreme as 2002 and did not trigger the same level of snag *** recruitment was not equal across tree species and size classes,resulting in significant changes in species composition and size-class distributions of snag populations in both forest *** trees were far more abundant than snags in these forests,the effect of this mortality pulse on tree populations was far smal er than its effect on snag *** loss rates increased over time during the study,even though many snags were newly *** may reflect the increasing prevalence of white fir snags and/or snags in the smal er size classes,which general y decay faster than snags of other species or larger ***,although total numbers of snags increased,many of the newly recruited snags may not persist long enough to be valuable as nesting substrates for native ***:Increases in snag abundance appeared to be due to a short-term tree mortality"event"rather than a longerterm pattern of elevated tree *** mortality event fol owed a dry and extremely warm year(2002)embedded within a longer-term *** models suggest that years like 2002 may occur with increasing frequency in the southwestern *** years may result in additional mortality pulses,wh

关键词： climate change Drought Monitoring Snag abundance Snag creation Snag dynamics Species composition Tree mortality

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HI in High Gas-phase Metallicity Dwarf Galaxy WISEA J230615.06+143927.9

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 292-299页

作者： Yan Guo c.Sengupta T.c.scott P.Lagos Y.Luo Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences(IA Porto) Rua das Estrelas4150-762PortoPortugal

We present resolved Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope H I observations of the high gas-phase metallicity dwarf galaxy WISEA J230615.06+143927.9(z = 0.005)(hereafter J2306) and investigate whether it could be a Tidal Dwarf Galaxy(TDG) candidate. TDGs are observed to have higher metallicities than normal dwarfs. J2306 has an unusual combination of a blue g-r color of 0.23 mag, irregular optical morphology and high-metallicity(12 +log(O/H) = 8.68 ± 0.14), making it an interesting galaxy to study in more detail. We find J2306 to be an H I rich galaxy with a large extended, unperturbed rotating H I disk. Using our H I data we estimated its dynamical mass and found the galaxy to be dark matter(DM) dominated within its H I radius. The quantity of DM, inferred from its dynamical mass, appears to rule out J2306 as an evolved TDG. A wide area environment search reveals J2306 to be isolated from any larger galaxies which could have been the source of its high gas metallicity. Additionally, the H I morphology and kinematics of the galaxy show no indication of a recent merger to explain the *** detailed optical spectroscopic observations of J2306 might provide an answer to how a seemingly ordinary irregular dwarf galaxy achieved such a high level of metal enrichment.

关键词： galaxies:abundances galaxies:dwarf galaxies:irregular radio lines:galaxies radio lines:ISM

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cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.scott Duncan Sean M.Riordan Matthew c.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(cNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal cNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for cNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple cNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of cNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

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Status of biomarker development for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2117-2118页

作者： Yue Yang Qi cheng Jianqun Gao Woojin scott Kim Brain and Mind centre&School of Medical Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia Stroke and Neurology Research Group Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation ShanghaiChina clinical Research center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine ShanghaiChina Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence Shanghai Fourth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Frontotemporal dementia(FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases that belong to the same disease spectrum,with overlapping of genetic and pathological *** mutations in TARDBP,c9ORF72,... 详细信息

关键词： amyotrophic sclerosis diseases

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Stomatal dynamics are regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and guard cell anatomy in nine true mangrove species

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 395-405页

作者： Ya-Dong Qie Qi-Wei Zhang scott A.M.McAdam Kun-Fang cao State Key Laboratory for conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection Ministry of EducationGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Purdue center for Plant Biology Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Stomatal regulation is critical for mangroves to survive in the hyper-saline intertidal zone where water stress is severe and water availability is highly ***,very little is known about the stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit(VPD)in mangroves,and its co-ordination with stomatal morphology and leaf hydraulic *** measured the stomatal response to a step increase in VPD in situ,stomatal anatomy,leaf hydraulic vulnerability and pressure-volume traits in nine true mangrove species of five families and collected the data of genome *** aimed to answer two questions:(1)Does stomatal morphology influence stomatal dynamics in response to a high VPD in mangroves?with a consideration of possible influence of genome size on stomatal morphology;and(2)do leaf hydraulic traits influence stomatal sensitivity to VPD in mangroves?We found that the stomata of mangrove plants were highly sensitive to a step rise in VPD and the stomatal responses were directly affected by stomatal anatomy and hydraulic ***,denser stomata was correlated with faster stomatal closure at high VPD across the species of Rhizophoraceae,and stomata size negatively and vein density positively correlated with genome *** negative leaf osmotic pressure at the full turgor(πo)was related to higher operating steady-state stomatal conductance(gs);and a higher leaf capacitance(cleaf)and more embolism resistant leaf xylem were associated with slower stomatal responses to an increase in *** addition,stomatal responsiveness to VPD was indirectly affected by leaf morphological traits,which were affected by site salinity and consequently leaf water *** results demonstrate that mangroves display a unique relationship between genome size,stomatal size and vein packing,and that stomatal responsiveness to VPD is regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and stomatal *** work provides a quantitative framework to better understand of stomatal regulation in mangroves

关键词： Stomatal temporal kinetics Vapour-pressure deficit(VPD) Leaf water relations Leaf hydraulic vulnerability Leaf osmotic potential Genome size

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Implementation of Fuzzy Logic control into an Equivalent Minimization Strategy for Adaptive Energy Management of A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第1期14卷 88-118页

作者： Jared A. Diethorn Andrew c. Nix Mario G. Perhinschi W. scott Wayne Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

As government agencies continue to tighten emissions regulations due to the continued increase in greenhouse gas production, automotive industries are seeking to produce increasingly efficient vehicle technology. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced to mitigate problems while improving fuel economy. HEVs have led to the demand of creating more advanced controls software to consider multiple components for propulsive power in a vehicle. A large section in the software development process is the implementation of an optimal energy management strategy meant to improve the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optimal strategies can be implemented when driving conditions are known a prior. The Equivalent consumption Minimization Strategy (EcMS) is an optimal control strategy that uses an equivalence factor to equate electrical to mechanical power when performing torque split determination between the internal combustion engine and electric motor for propulsive and regenerative torque. This equivalence factor is determined from offline vehicle simulations using a sensitivity analysis to provide optimal fuel economy results while maintaining predetermined high voltage battery state of charge (SOc) constraints. When the control hierarchy is modified or different driving styles are applied, the analysis must be redone to update the equivalence factor. The goal of this work is to implement a fuzzy logic controller that dynamically updates the equivalence factor to improve fuel economy, maintain a strict charge sustaining window of operation for the high voltage battery, and reduce computational time required during algorithm development. The adaptive algorithm is validated against global optimum fuel economy and charge sustaining results from a sensitivity analysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show a maximum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% when using a mild driving style and a 95% success rate when maintaining an ending SOc within 5% of th

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuzzy Logic Adaptive control charge Sustainability

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅱ:foundational building blocks—context,community and health

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Family Medicine and community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 12-22页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Rupal Shah Tamala carter Geoffrey M Gusoff Winston Liaw Bich-May Nguyen Joanna V Rachelson Mary Alice scott Teresa L Schiff-Elfalan Seiji Yamada Robert c Like Kathleen Zoppi A Peter catinella Richard M Frankel Shailendra Prasad Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Bridge Lane Group Practice LondonUK Penn center for community Health Workers University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA National clinician Scholars Program UCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Health Systems and Population Health Sciences University of Houston Tilman J Fertitta Family College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Southern New Mexico Family Medicine Residency Program Las CrucesNew MexicoUSA New Mexico Primary care Training Program Silver CityNew MexicoUSA Anthropology New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA Family Medicine and community Health University of Hawai'i at Manoa John A Burns School of MedicineHonoluluHawaiiUSA Family Medicine and community Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Family Medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Family Medicine–Transmountain Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterEl PasoTexasUSA Medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Family Medicine and community Health University of Minnesota Medical School-Twin Cities CampusMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅱ:foundational building blocks—context,community and health’,authors address the following themes:‘context—grounding family medicine in time,place and being’,‘Recentring community’,‘community-oriented primary care’,‘Embeddedness in practice’,‘The meaning of health’,‘Disease,illness and sickness—core concepts’,‘The biopsychosocial model’,‘The biopsychosocial approach’and‘Family medicine as social medicine.’May readers grasp new implications for medical education and practice in these essays.

关键词： thematic illustration dimensions

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Erratum:"HI in High Gas-phase Metallicity Dwarf Galaxy WISEA J230615.06+143927.9"(2024,RAA,24,015024)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 272-272页

作者： Yan Guo c.Sengupta T.c.scott P.Lagos Y.Luo Puyple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences(IA Porto) Rua das Estrelas4150-762.PortoPortugal

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Rapid Increase in Log Populations in Drought-Stressed Mixed-conifer and Ponderosa Pine Forests in Northern Arizona

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Open Journal of Forestry 2012年第2期2卷 59-64页

作者： Joseph L. Ganey scott c. vojta US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff USA

Down logs provide important ecosystem services in forests and affect surface fuel loads and fire behavior. Amounts and kinds of logs are influenced by factors such as forest type, disturbance regime, forest management, and climate. To quantify potential short-term changes in log populations during a recent global- climate-change type drought, we sampled logs in mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in northern Arizona in 2004 and 2009 (n = 53 and 60 1-ha plots in mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests, respectively). Over this short time interval, density of logs, log volume, area covered by logs, and total length of logs increased significantly in both forest types. Increases in all log parameters were greater in mixed-conifer than in ponderosa pine forest, and spatial variability was pronounced in both forest types. These results document rapid increases in log populations in mixed-conifer forest, with smaller changes observed in ponderosa pine forest. These increases were driven by climate-mediated tree mortality which created a pulse in log input, rather than by active forest management. The observed increases will affect wildlife habitat, surface fuel loads, and other ecosystem processes. These changes are likely to continue if climate change results in increased warmth and aridity as predicted, and may require shifts in management emphasis.

关键词： climate change Fuels Logs Mixed-conifer Forest Ponderosa Pine Forest Spatial Variability

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅸ:people and places—diverse populations and locations of care

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Family Medicine and community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 79-88页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Emad R Abou-Arab Julio Meza David S Buck Jerome W crowder Jennifer Y c Edgoose Alexander Brown Ellen J Plumb Amber K Norris Jay J Allen Lauren E Giammar John E Wood scott M Dickson G Austin Brown Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family Medicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA Family Medicine University of California Los AngelesDavid Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA community Medicine University of HoustonTilman J Fertitta Family College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Social and Behavioral Sciences University of HoustonTilman J Fertitta Family College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Family Medicine and community Health University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA NH Dartmouth Family Medicine Residency ConcordNew HampshireUSA San Francisco VA Medical center San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Duluth Family Medicine Residency Program University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth CampusDuluthMinnesotaUSA UAMS Northeast Regional campus Family Medicine Residency Program JonesboroArkansasUSA cascades East Family Medicine Residency Program Oregon Health&Science University School of MedicineKlamath FallsOregonUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅸ:people and places—diverse populations and locations of care’,authors address the following themes:‘LGBTQIA+health in family medicine’,‘A family medicine approach to substance use disorders’,‘Shameless medicine for people experiencing homelessness’,“Difficult”encounters—finding the person behind the patient’,‘Attending to patients with medically unexplained symptoms’,‘Making house calls and home visits’,‘Family physicians in the procedure room’,‘Robust rural family medicine’and‘Full-spectrum family medicine’.May readers appreciate the breadth of family medicine in these essays.

关键词： illustration family dimensions

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