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Challenges facing sustainable protein production:Opportunities for cereals

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Plant Communications 2023年第6期4卷 55-69页

作者： Luqman B.Safdar MJohn Foulkes Friedrich H.Kleiner Iain R.Searle Rahul A.Bhosale Ian D.Fisk scott A.boden School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA 5064Australia School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughborough LE125RDUK Faculty of Applied Science Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology van der Maasweg 92629 HZ Delftthe Netherlands 4School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

Rising demands for protein worldwide are likely to drive increases in livestock production,asmeat provides-40%of dietary *** will come at a significant environmental cost,and a shift toward plant-based protein sources would therefore provide major *** legumes provide substantial amounts of plant-based protein,cereals are the major constituents of global foods,with wheat alone accounting for 15–20%of the required dietary protein *** of protein content in wheat is limited by phenotyping challenges,lack of genetic potential of modern germplasms,negative yield trade-offs,and environmental costs of nitrogen *** wheat as a case study,we discuss how increasing protein content in cereals through a revised breeding strategy combined with robust phenotyping could ensure a sustainable protein supply while minimizing the environmental impact of nitrogen fertilizer.

关键词： sustainability protein nutrition grain protein content innovative breeding

A modified intron of VRT2 drives glume and grain elongation in wheat

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Molecular Plant 2021年第9期14卷 1421-1423页

作者： Laura E.Dixon scott A.boden Faculty of Biological Sciences University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA 5064Australia

Yield is a complex trait that is determined predominantly by the number,size,and weight of grain produced by a plant,which are all in fluenced by multiple genes and environ mental *** cereals,grain size is in flue need by envir on mental signals including nutrient availability and temperature,and by variation for genes that control the dimensions of a grain or the size of floral organs(e.g.,Heang and Sassa,2012;Brinton et al.,2017;Adamski et al.,2021;Liu et al.,2021;Xiao et al.,2021).Three recent studies have investigated subspecies of tetrapioid and hexapioid wheat that produce Ion ger grains,which form in florets that contain elongated floral structures(Adamski et al.,2021;Liu et al.,2021;Xiao et al.,2021);their findings provide new understanding of the genes controlling floret architecture,which could be used by breeders to enhance grain size and yield.

关键词： grain organs wheat

Smurf1拮抗BMP-2对C2C12细胞的诱导成骨作用

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复旦学报（医学版） 2006年第5期33卷 657-661页

作者：费琴明陈统一张光健 boden scott D Titu Lsouisa 复旦大学附属中山医院骨科上海200032 爱默里大学医学院骨科和脊柱外科中心

目的研究Smad泛素化调节因子1(Smurf1)对基因重组人骨形态发生蛋白2(rhBMP-2)诱导成骨作用的影响。方法通过将质粒pcDEF3-Smurf1临时转染C2C12细胞并应用实时PCR和Western免疫印迹法鉴定其表达Smurf1,空载体pcDNA3.1作为阴性对照;然后... 详细信息

目的研究Smad泛素化调节因子1(Smurf1)对基因重组人骨形态发生蛋白2(rhBMP-2)诱导成骨作用的影响。方法通过将质粒pcDEF3-Smurf1临时转染C2C12细胞并应用实时PCR和Western免疫印迹法鉴定其表达Smurf1,空载体pcDNA3.1作为阴性对照;然后用比色法测定细胞碱性磷酸酶活性和实时PCR分析细胞碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、成骨转录因子Osterix基因表达,观察Smurf1对rhBMP-2诱导C2C12细胞向成骨细胞分化的影响。同时在相差显微镜下观察细胞形态的变化。结果Smurf1在C2C12细胞可以通过临时转染获得很好的表达。尽管在细胞形态上没有明显的差别,但Smurf1转染的C2C12细胞在rhBMP-2作用48 h后,细胞碱性磷酸酶活性以及细胞碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、成骨转录因子Osterix基因表达均较对照组明显下降。结论Smurf1在BMP诱导成骨过程中发挥着负性调节作用。

关键词：骨形态发生蛋白2 Smad泛素化调节因子1 转染 C2C12细胞

Candidate genes underlying QTL for flowering time and their interactions in a wide spring barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cross

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 862-872页

作者： Ana M.Casas Carlota R.Gazulla Arantxa Monteagudo Carlos P.Cantalapiedra Marian Moralejo MPilar Gracia Francisco J.Ciudad William T.B.Thomas Jose L.Molina-Cano scott boden Bruno Contreras-Moreira Ernesto Igartua Department of Genetics and Plant Production Aula Dei Experimental Station(EEAD-CSIC)Avda Montanana 1005E-50059 ZaragozaSpain University of Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center Avda.Rovira Roure 19125198 LleidaSpain Instituto de Tecnologia Agraria Junta de Castilla y LeonITACyLP.O.Box 17247071 ValladolidSpain The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(UdL-IRTA) Avda Rovira Roure 19125198 LleidaSpain John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK Fundacion ARAID calle Maria de Luna 1150018 ZaragozaSpain Present address:Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)and Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Madrid 28223Spain Present address:School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA 5064Australia Present address:The European Bioinformatics Institute(EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxtonUK

Response to vernalization and photoperiod are the main determinants controlling the time to flowering in temperate cereals. While the individual genes that determine a plant's response to these environmental signals are well characterized, the combinatorial effect on flowering time of allelic variants for multiple genes remains unresolved. This study investigated the genetic control of flowering-time in a biparental population of spring barley, derived from a wide cross between a late-flowering European and an early-flowering North-American cultivar. While the major flowering time genes are not segregating in the Beka ×Logan cross, large variation in flowering was observed. We identified five QTL, with both parents found to contribute early alleles. The catalog of QTL discovered aligns with several candidate genes affecting flowering time in barley. The combination of particular alleles at HvCEN, HvELF3 and HvFT1 in Logan are responsible for the earliness of this cultivar. Interestingly, earliness for flowering could be further enhanced, with Beka found to contribute three early alleles, including a QTL colocating with a HvFD-like gene, suggesting that there are diverse aspects of the flowering-time pathway that have been manipulated in these two cultivars. Epistatic interactions between flowering-time QTL or candidate genes were observed in field data and confirmed under controlled conditions. The results of this study link photoperiod-dependent flowering-time genes with earliness per se genes into a single model, thus providing a unique framework that can be used by geneticists and breeders to optimize flowering time in barley.

关键词： Barley Flowering HvELF3 HvCEN HvFT1

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脊柱外科失误鉴

脊柱外科失误鉴

2005年

作者：（美）scott D. boden （美）Henry H. Bohlman 李明袁文主译

本书介绍了颈椎的临床表现、颈椎概论、胸检临床评估、胸椎全面体检和解析、腰椎病史、各种术后问题的处理等内容。

关键词：脊椎病学科:外科手术学科:治疗失误学科:案例学科:分析外科手术治疗失误

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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骨科教程脊柱外科的新进展

中华骨科杂志 2010年第12期30卷 I0050-I0056页

作者： Keith H. Bridwell Paul A. Anderson scott D. boden Alexander R. Vaccaro Jeffrey C. Wang 许建中(译) 不详西南医院骨科重庆400038

目前，在美国获批的人工颈椎间盘置换器械主要有三种。这些人工椎间盘的运动学设计各不相同（球窝式、球槽式、可活动旋转轴心型），接触面也不同（不锈钢金属对金属，钴铬合金对聚乙烯，钛合金对聚碳酸酯一聚氨酯）。一些规模较大的临... 详细信息

目前，在美国获批的人工颈椎间盘置换器械主要有三种。这些人工椎间盘的运动学设计各不相同（球窝式、球槽式、可活动旋转轴心型），接触面也不同（不锈钢金属对金属，钴铬合金对聚乙烯，钛合金对聚碳酸酯一聚氨酯）。一些规模较大的临床试验正在研究钴铬合金的金属对金属接触面假体。

关键词：脊柱外科骨科教程人工椎间盘金属对金属颈椎间盘置换钴铬合金聚碳酸酯临床试验

腰椎间盘突出症的手术与非手术治疗比较——脊柱患者治疗结果研究试验（SPORT）：随机试验

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第6期26卷 339-347页

作者： James N. Weinstein Tor D. Tosteson Jon D. Lurie Anna N. A. Tosteson Brett Hanscom Jonathan S. Skinner William A. Abdu Alan S. Hilibrand scott D. boden Richard A. Deyo 李德强（译）戴尅戎（校）侯洪良（校） Dartmouth Medical School Hanover NH Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pa Emory University Atlanta Ga Center for Cost and Outcomes Research University of Washington Seattle 不详

背景：在美国，腰椎间盘切除术是治疗腰背部及下肢症状患者最常用的手术。但是，这种手术方式的疗效较之非手术治疗仍存在争议。目的：评价手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。设计、地点及参试者：“脊柱患者治疗结果研究试验（Spine Patie... 详细信息

背景：在美国，腰椎间盘切除术是治疗腰背部及下肢症状患者最常用的手术。但是，这种手术方式的疗效较之非手术治疗仍存在争议。目的：评价手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。设计、地点及参试者：“脊柱患者治疗结果研究试验（Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial，SPORT）”是一项随机临床试验。研究人员于2000年3月至2004年11月在美国11个州的13所多学科脊柱医院进行患者注册。参试者为501例将要实施手术治疗的患者（平均年龄为42岁，女性占42％），患者经影像学检查确定患有腰椎间盘突出症，有持续性神经根性症状和体征至少6周。干预：为不同患者实施标准的开放性椎间盘切除术或非手术治疗。主要观测指标：主要观测指标为36项健康调查表中的疼痛躯体功能评分以及改良的Oswestry残疾指数（美国骨科医师协会MODEMS版）在6周、3个月、1年及2年时较基线值发生的变化。次要观测指标包括坐骨神经痛的严重程度（采用坐骨神经疼痛的焦虑指数进行评估）、症状缓解的满意程度、疾病改善的自我报告及就业状况。结果：坚持按计划接受治疗的患者比较有限。在计划接受手术治疗的患者中，50％的患者在注册后3个月内进行了手术治疗；而在计划接受非手术治疗的患者中，有30％的患者在注册后3个月内接受了手术治疗。意向治疗分析表明，两个治疗组主要指标和次要指标都有实质性改善。在整个试验期间，改善情况的组间差异表明手术治疗效果较好，但是主要指标的差异较小，而且无统计学显著性。结论：手术治疗组和非手术治疗组患者的病情在2年随访期内都有实质性地改善。由于两组均有许多患者改变了治疗计划，所以我们难以根据治疗意向分析比较、确定两种治疗方式的优越性或等效性。

关键词：腰椎间盘突出症非手术治疗随机试验脊柱腰椎间盘切除术坐骨神经痛随机临床试验观测指标