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Spatially biased dispersal of acorns by a scatter-hoarding corvid may accelerate passive restoration of oak habitat on California＇s largest island

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 363-367页

作者： Mario B. PESENdORFER T. scott SILLETT scott A. MORRISON School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska - Lincoln 348 Manter Hall Lincoln NE 68588-0118 USA Migratory Bird Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park MRC 5503 Washington D.C. 20013-7012 USA Cornell Lab of Ornithology 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd Ithaca NY 14850 USA The Nature Conservancy 4th Floor 201 Mission Street San Francisco CA 94105 USA

Scatter hoarding by corvids (crows, jays, magpies, and nutcrackers) provides seed dispersal for many large-seeded plants, including oaks and pines. When hoarding seeds, corvids often choose nonrandom locations throughout the landscape, resulting in differential survival of seeds. In the context of habitat restoration, such disproportional storing of seeds in areas suitable for germination and establishment can accelerate expansion and recovery of large-seeded tree populations and their associated ecosystems. here, we investigate the spatial preferences of island scrub jays during scatter hoarding of acorns ( spp.) on Santa Cruz Island. We use a large behavioral data set on the birds' behavior in combination with seedling surveys and spatial analysis to determine whether 1) island scrub jays disproportionally cache seeds in specific habitat types, and 2) whether the preferred habitat type is suitable for oak regeneration. Our results show that the jays nonrandomly cache acorns across the landscape; they use chaparral and coastal sage scrub disproportionally while avoiding open and grassy areas. The areas used most often for caching were also the areas with the highest oak seedling densities. We discuss the potential role of these findings for the recovery of Santa Cruz Island's oak habitat since the 1980s.

关键词：分散贮藏生境类型 s空间加利福尼亚橡子橡木乌鸦栖息地恢复

Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: Patient and physician communication challenges and shared decision making

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第15期6卷 892-900页

作者： scott Klenzak Igor danelisen Grace d Brannan Melissa A Holland Miranda AL van Tilburg department of Psychiatry Cape Fear Valley Health System School of Osteopathic Medicine Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Campbell University division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology School of Medicine University of North Carolina University of Washington

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERd) is a common upper esophageal condition and typical symptoms can include heartburn and sensation of regurgitation while atypical symptoms include chronic cough, asthma, hoarseness, dyspepsia and nausea. Typically, diag-nosis is presumptive given the presence of typical and atypical symptoms and is an indication for empiric therapy. Treatment management can include lifestyle modifications and/or medication therapy with proton pump inhibitor(PPI) class being the preferred and most effective. Complete symptom resolution is not always achieved and long-term PPI therapy can put patients at risk for serious side effects and needless expense. The brain-gut connection and hypervigilance plays an important role in symptom resolution and treatment success, especially in the case of non-PPI responders. Hypervigilance is a combination of increased esophageal sensory sensitivity in combination with exaggerated threat perception surrounding esophageal symptoms. Hypervigilance requires a different approach to GERd managements, where continued PPI therapy and surgery are usually not recommended. Rather, helping physicians and patients understand the brain-gut connection can guide and improve *** and reassurance should be the main pillars or treatment. However, it is important not to suggest the symptoms are due to anxiety alone, this often leads to patient dissatisfaction. Patient dissatisfaction with treatment reveals the need for a more patient-centered approach to GERd management and better communication between patients and providers. Shared decision making(SdM) with the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes(PRO) promotes patient adherence and satisfaction. SdM is a joint discussion between clinician and patient in which a mutually shared solution is explored for GERd symptoms. For SdM to work the physician needs to capture patients' perceptions which may not be obtained in the standard interview. This can be done through the

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Psychosocial Patient-physician communication Shared decision making Patient-reported outcomes Patient satisfaction

Corneal astigmatic outcomes after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with surface penetrating arcuate keratotomies

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第7期16卷 1084-1092页

作者： Nick Stanojcic david O’Brart Chris Hull Vijay Wagh Elodie Azan Mani Bhogal scott Robbie Ji-Peng Olivia Li department of Ophthalmology Guy’s and St.Thomas’NHS Foundation TrustLondon SE17EHUK Centre for Applied Vision Research School of Health SciencesUniversity of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUK King’s College London London WC2R 2LSUK

AIM:To evaluate corneal astigmatic outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomies(FAKs)combined with femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)over 12mo ***:Totally 145 patients with bilateral cataracts and no ocular co-morbidities were recruited to a singlecentre,single-masked,prospective randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing two monofocal hydrophobic acrylic intraocular *** with corneal astigmatism(CA)of>0.8 dioptres(d)received unpaired,unopened,surface penetrating FAKs at the time of *** acuity,subjective refraction and Scheimpflug tomography were recorded at 1,6,and *** vectoral analyses were ***:Fifty-one patients(61 eyes),mean age 68.2±9.6y[standard deviation(Sd)],received *** eyes were available for analysis,except at 12mo when 59 *** were no complications due to *** pre-operative CA was 1.13±0.20 *** was a reduction of astigmatism at all post-operative visits(residual CA 1mo:0.85±0.42 d,P=0.0001;6mo:0.86±0.35 d,P=0001;and 12mo:0.90±0.39,P=0.0001).Alpins indices remained stable over ***,the cohort was under-corrected at all time *** 12mo,61%of eyes were within±15 degrees of pre-operative astigmatic ***:Unpaired unopened penetrating FAKs combined with on-axis phacoemulsification are safe but minimally *** is largely under-corrected in this cohort using an existing unmodified *** effect of arcuate keratotomies on CA remained stable over 12mo.

关键词： femtosecond cataract surgery astigmatic keratotomy laser cataract surgery femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery arcuate keratotomy

MR-GUIdEd PULSE OXIMETRY IMAGING OF BREAST IN VIVO

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第2期4卷 199-208页

作者： ZHIQIU LI SHUdONG JIANG VENKATARAMANAN KRISHNASWAMY scott CdAVIS SUBHAdRA SRINIVASAN KEITH d.PAULSEN BRIAN W.POGUE Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755USA

A near-infrared(NIR)tomography system with spectrally-encoded sources in two wavelength bands was built to quantify the temporal oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin contrast in breast tissue at a 20 Hz *** system was integrated into a 3T magnetic resonance(MR)imaging system through a customized breast coil interface for simultaneous optical and MRI *** this configuration,the MR images provide breast tissue structural information for NIR spectroscopy of adipose andfibro-glandular tissue in *** characterization performance of the NIR system was verified through dynamic phantom *** human subjects were imaged withfinger pulse oximeter(PO)plethysmogram synchronized to the NIR system to provide a frequency-locked *** the raw data from the NIR system and the recovered absorption coefficients of the breast at two wavelengths showed the same frequency of about 1.3 Hz as the PO *** frequency lock-in approach provided a practical platform for MR-localized recovery of small pulsatile variations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in the breast,which are related to the heartbeat and vascular resistance of the tissue.

关键词： High frame-rate fast imaging MR-guided near-infrared tomography breast hemodynamics

An immunoglobulin Y that specifically binds to an in silico-predicted unique epitope of Zika virus non-structural 1 antigen

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第1期15卷 35-43页

作者： Leonardo A.Guevarra Jr scott dean P.de Sagon Treena Rica d.Teh Maria Katrina diana MCruz Nikki Cyrill C.Capistrano Austine James Z.StaMaria Laarni Grace M.Corales Leslie Michelle M.dalmacio department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of MedicineUniversity of the Philippines ManilaPhilippines department of Biochemistry Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Santo TomasPhilippines Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences University of Santo TomasPhilippines

Objective:To identify unique immunogenic epitopes of Zika virus non-structural 1(NS1)antigen and produce immunoglobulin Y(IgY)for potential use in he diagnosis of of Zika virus ***:Immunogenic epitopes were identified using in silico B-cell epitope prediction.A synthetic peptide analog of the predicted epitope was used to induce antipeptide IgY production in hens which was purified using affinity *** of purified IgY and its binding specificity were performed by gel electrophoresis and ELISA,***:Out of the nine continuous epitopes identified,the sequence at position 193-208(LKVREdYSLECdPAVI)was selected and used to produce anti-peptide *** produced IgY was found to bind to the synthetic analog of the Zika virus NS1 immunogenic epitope but not to other flaviviruses and random peptides from other ***:In this study,we identified an immunogenic epitope unique to Zika virus that can be used to develop a serodiagnostic tool that specifically detect Zika virus infection.

关键词： Immunoglobulin Y IgY B-cell epitope prediction Flavivirus Non-structural 1 antigen Zika virus

Inhibition of pancreatic EZH2 restores progenitor insulin in T1d donor

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 3045-3053页

作者： Keith Al-Hasani Ishant Khurana Lina Mariana Thomas Loudovaris scott Maxwell K.N.Harikrishnan Jun Okabe Mark ECooper Assam El-Osta department of diabetes Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3004Australia Epigenetics in Human Health and disease Laboratory Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3004Australia Immunology and diabetes Unit St Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia department of Clinical Pathology The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Hong Kong Institute of diabetes and Obesity Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building30-32 Ngan Shing StreetSha TinHong Kong SAR Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Faculty of Health Department of TechnologyBiomedical Laboratory ScienceUniversity College CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

Type 1 diabetes(T1d)is an autoimmune disease that selectively destroys insulin-producingβ-cells in the *** unmet need in diabetes management,current therapy is focussed on *** the reprogramming of progenitor cells into functional insulin-producingβ-cells has also been proposed this remains controversial and poorly *** challenge is determining why default transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine *** the death of a 13-year-old girl with established insulin-dependent T1d,pancreatic cells were harvested in an effort to restore and understand exocrine *** pancreas showed classic silencing ofβ-cell progenitor genes with barely detectable insulin(Ins)***126,a highly selective inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity influenced H3K27me3 chromatin content and transcriptional control resulting in the expression of coreβ-cell markers and ductal progenitor ***126 also reinstated Ins gene expression despite absoluteβ-cell *** studies show the refractory nature of chromatin characterises exocrine suppression influencingβ-cell *** regeneration studies are warranted to determine if the approach of this n-of-1 study generalises to a broader T1d population.

关键词： EZH2 progenitor donor

Inducible nitric oxide synthetase genotype and Helicobacter pylori infection affect gastric cancer risk

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第35期18卷 4917-4924页

作者： Alireza Rafiei Vahid Hosseini Ghasem Janbabai Bahman Fazli Abulghasem Ajami Zahra Hosseini-khah Jeremy J Gilbreath d scott Merrell Faculty of Medicine Molecular and Cell Biology Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical Sciences department of Internal Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences department of Internal Medicine Imam HospitalMazandaran University of Medical Sciences department of Microbiology and Immunology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

AIM:To investigate the association of the inducible nitric oxide synthetase(iNOS) C150T polymorphism with Helicobacter pylori(***) infection and gastric cancer(GC) risk in ***:In order to determine whether there was a correlation between iNOS genotype and GC in Iran,we conducted a case-control study using samples from 329 *** each sample,the C150T iNOS polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and restriction *** were grouped by cancer presence,demographic and behavior characteristics,and *** infection *** tests were conducted to determine whether any behavioral factors or a particular iNOS genotype was associated with GC in the study ***:In this population,we found that smoking,hot beverage consumption,a familial history of GC and *** infection status were significantly associated with GC development(P = 0.015,P d P distribution of the C150T iNOS genotypes among the two study groups was not statistically significant alone,but was impacted by *** infection *** compared to the *** infected group,cancer patients who had a heterozygous CT genotype and were also infected with *** were 2.1 times more at risk of developing GC [odds ratio(OR) = 2.1,P = 0.03] while those with a homozygous TT genotype and infected with *** were 5.0 times more at risk of developing GC(OR = 5.0,P = 0.029).In contrast,this association was not seen in patients in the control ***:A CT or TT polymorphism at position 150 in the iNOS gene significantly increases the risk of GC and may be a marker for GC susceptibility.

关键词：一氧化氮合成酶感染状况癌症患者幽门螺杆菌基因型诱导型风险幽门螺旋杆菌

Safety,immunogenicity,and protection provided by unadjuvanted and adjuvanted formulations of a recombinant plant-derived virus-like particle vaccine candidate for COVId-19 in nonhuman primates

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 222-233页

作者： Stéphane Pillet Prabhu SArunachalam Guadalupe Andreani Nadia Golden Jane Fontenot Pyone Pyone Aye Katharina Röltgen Gabrielle Lehmicke Philipe Gobeil Charlotte dubé Sonia Trépanier Nathalie Charland Marc-Andréd’Aoust Kasi Russell-Lodrigue Christopher Monjure Robert V.Blair scott d.Boyd Rudolf P.Bohm Jay Rappaport François Villinger Nathalie Landry Bali Pulendran Brian J.Ward Medicago Inc. QuébecQCCanada. Institute for Immunity Transplantation and InfectionStanford University School of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA. Tulane National Primate Research Center CovingtonLAUSA. New Iberia Research Center University of Louisiana at LafayetteNew IberiaLAUSA. department of Pathology Stanford University School of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA. department of Microbiology and Immunology Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA. department of Microbiology and Immunology Stanford University School of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA. Institute for Immunity Transplantation&InfectionStanford University School of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre MontrealQCCanada.

Although antivirals are important tools to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,effective vaccines are essential to control the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19)***-derived virus-like particle(VLP)vaccine candidates have previously demonstrated immunogenicity and efficacy against ***,we report the immunogenicity and protection induced in rhesus macaques by intramuscular injections of a VLP bearing a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein(CoVLP)vaccine candidate formulated with or without Adjuvant System 03(AS03)or cytidine-phospho-guanosine(CpG)*** a single dose of the unadjuvanted CoVLP vaccine candidate stimulated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses,booster immunization(at 28 days after priming)and adjuvant administration significantly improved both responses,with higher immunogenicity and protection provided by the AS03-adjuvanted *** micrograms of CoVLP adjuvanted with AS03 induced a polyfunctional interleukin-2(IL-2)-driven response and IL-4 expression in Cd4 T *** were challenged by multiple routes(i.e.,intratracheal,intranasal,and ocular)with a total viral dose of 106 plaque-forming units of *** viral replication in nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)as well as fewer SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and immune cell infiltrates in the lungs concomitant with reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factors in the BALF were observed in animals immunized with the CoVLP adjuvanted with *** clinical,pathologic,or virologic evidence of vaccineassociated enhanced disease was observed in vaccinated *** CoVLP adjuvanted with AS03 was therefore selected for vaccine development and clinical trials.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like particles Non-humane primates AS03 CpG1018

Gas flow in rotary kilns

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 613-616页

作者： Patrick R.davies Michael J.S.Norton d.Ian Wilson John F.davidson david M.scott department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3RAUK

This paper describes an experimental investigation on the flow characteristics within a rotating cylinder containing a rolling bed of sand. The axis of the cylinder was horizontal and there was no axial bulk flow of particles. The velocity field of the gas flowing through the cylinder was measured by hot-wire anemometry. The measurements indicate that the velocity field is asymmetric with respect to a diameter perpendicular to the granular bed. CFd calculations confirm this finding. The gas velocity profiles are crucial in determining heat transfer from gas to solid.

关键词： Rotating cylinderVelocity profile