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Mercury bioa.cumula.ion in a.ua.ic biota.a.ong a.sa.inity gra.ient in the Sa.nt John river estua.y

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Journa. of Environmenta. Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 41-54页

作者： Betha.y L.reinha.t Ka.en a.Kidd r.a.len Curry Nelson J.O’Driscoll scott a.Pa.ey Depa.tment of Biology a.d Ca.a.ia. rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Saint John Saint John New Brunswick E2L4L5 Canada Depa.tment of Biology Forestry and Environmental Management and Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick E3B4A3 Canada Depa.tment of Ea.th a.d Environmenta. Sciences Acadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia B4P2R6 Canada Depa.tment of Biology a.d School of Geogra.hy & Ea.th Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario LSS 4K1 Canada

a.though estua.ies a.e critica. ha.ita.s for ma.y a.ua.ic species, the spa.ia. trends of toxic methylmercury（MeHg） in biota.from fresh to ma.ine wa.ers a.e poorly understood. Our objective wa. to determine if MeHg concentra.ions in biota.cha.ged a.ong a.sa.inity gra.ient in a. estua.y. Fourspine Stickleba.k（a.eltes qua.ra.us）, invertebra.es（sna.ls,a.phipods, a.d chironomids）, sediments, a.d wa.er were collected from ten sites a.ong the Sa.nt John river estua.y, New Brunswick, Ca.a.a.in 2015 a.d 2016, with sa.inities ra.ging from 0.06 to 6.96. Tota. mercury（proxy for MeHg） wa. mea.ured in whole fish a.d MeHg wa. mea.ured in a.subset of fish, pooled invertebra.es, sediments, a.d wa.er. Sta.le sulfur（δ34S）, ca.bon（δ13 C）, a.d nitrogen（δ15N） isotope va.ues were mea.ured to a.sess energy sources（S, C） a.d rela.ive trophic level（N）. There were increa.es in biotic δ13C a.d δ34S from fresh to more sa.ine sites a.d these mea.ures were correla.ed with *** a.ueous MeHg wa. higher a. the freshwa.er tha. more sa.ine sites, only chironomid MeHg increa.ed significa.tly with sa.inity. In the Sa.nt John river estua.y, there wa. little evidence tha. MeHg a.d its a.socia.ed risks increa.ed a.ong a.sa.inity gra.ient.

关键词： Stickleba.k a.phipod Methylmercury Bioma.nifica.ion Sta.le isotopes Food web

Intera.tive Effects of Eleva.ed CO_2 a.d Ozone on Lea. Thermotolera.ce in Field-grown Glycine ma.

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Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1396-1405页

作者： Sa.mita.Mishra.scott a. Hecka.horn Deepa. Ba.ua.Da. Wa.g Puneet Joshi E. Willia. Ha.ilton III Jona.ha. Fra.tz Depa.tment of Environmenta. Sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA Depa.tment of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA United Sta.es Depa.tment of a.ricuffure-a.ricultura. resea.ch Service University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606 USA

Huma.s a.e increa.ing a.mospheric CO2, ground-level ozone （O3）, a.d mea. a.d a.ute high tempera.ures. La.ora.ory studies show tha. eleva.ed CO2 ca. increa.e thermotolera.ce of photosynthesis in C3 pla.ts. O3-rela.ed oxida.ive stress ma. offset benefits of eleva.ed CO2 during hea.-wa.es. We determined effects of eleva.ed CO2 a.d O3 on lea. thermotolera.ce of field-grown Glycine ma. （soybea., C3）. Photosynthetic electron tra.sport （Фet） wa. mea.ured in a.ta.hed lea.es hea.ed in situ a.d deta.hed lea.es hea.ed under a.bient CO2 a.d O3. Hea.ing decrea.ed Фet, which O3 exa.erba.ed. Eleva.ed CO2 prevented O3-rela.ed decrea.es during hea.ing, but only increa.ed Фet under a.bient O3 in the field. Hea.ing decrea.ed chlorophyll a.d ca.otenoids, especia.ly under eleva.ed CO2. Neither CO2 nor O3 a.fected hea.-shock proteins. Hea.ing increa.ed ca.a.a.e （except in high O3） a.d Cu/Zn-superoxide dismuta.e （SOD）, but not Mn- SOD; CO2 a.d O3 decrea.ed ca.a.a.e but neither SOD. Soluble ca.bohydra.es were una.fected by hea.ing, but increa.ed in eleva.ed CO2. Thus, protection of photosynthesis during hea. stress by eleva.ed CO2 occurs in field-grown soybea. under a.bient O3, a. in the la., a.d high CO2 limits hea. da.a.e under eleva.ed O3, but this protection is likely from decrea.ed photorespira.ion a.d stoma.a. conducta.ce ra.her tha. production of hea.-stress a.a.ta.ions.

关键词： a.ti-oxida.ts globa. cha.ge hea.-shock proteins photosynthesis.

response of single piles a.d pipelines in liquefa.tion-induced la.era. spr.ads using controlled bla.ting

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Ea.thqua.e Engineering a.d Engineering Vibra.ion 2002年第2期1卷 181-193页

作者： scott a.a.hford Teera.ut Juirna.ongrit Depa.tment of Structura. Engineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093-0085

Two full-sca.e experiments using controlled bla.ting were conducted in the Port of Toka.hi on Hokka.do Isla.d, Ja.a.,to a.sess the beha.ior of piles a.d pipelines subjected to la.era. *** specimens were extensively instrumented with stra.n ga.ges to mea.ure the distribution of moment during la.era. *** a.lowed us to compute the loa.ing condition,a. well a. to conduct da.a.e a.d performa.ce a.sessments on the piles a.d *** pa.er presents the test results a.d discussions on the response of single piles a.d pipelines observed from the full-sca.e *** on the test results,it ca. be concluded tha. using controlled bla.ting successfully liquefied the soil,a.d subsequently induced la.era. *** movements of the single pile,a. well a. the tra.sverse pipelines,were a.proxima.ely the sa.e a. the free field soil *** moment distribution of the single pile indica.ed tha. globa. tra.sla.ion of the liquefied soil la.er provided insignifica.t force to the *** a.dition,the degree of fixity a. the pile tip significa.tly a.fected the moment a.ong the pile a. well a. the pile hea. *** pile with a.higher degree of fixity a. the pile tip ha. sma.ler pile hea. displa.ement but la.ger ma.imum moment.

关键词： piles pipelines pile tests la.era. spr.ading liquefa.tion soil-pile intera.tion

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畅游感官世界

环球科学 2024年第6期 42-49页

作者：斯科特·达特菲尔德不详

一起来探索人类五感,和其他你一直拥有但可能从不知晓的感官背后的科学知识。感官的进化可以追溯至数十亿年前,那时的史前细菌开始与其所处的环境互动。最先出现的感觉可能是味觉,大约20亿年前,细菌进化出了一种可以探测附近营养物质的... 详细信息

一起来探索人类五感,和其他你一直拥有但可能从不知晓的感官背后的科学知识。感官的进化可以追溯至数十亿年前,那时的史前细菌开始与其所处的环境互动。最先出现的感觉可能是味觉,大约20亿年前,细菌进化出了一种可以探测附近营养物质的方法。直到大约5亿年前,脊椎动物才进化出了真正的味觉。

关键词：细菌进化营养物质感官世界味觉环境互动脊椎动物

Genetic pa.hwa.s controlling inflorescence a.chitecture a.d development in whea. a.d ba.ley

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Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2019年第3期61卷 296-309页

作者： a.a. Ga.ley scott a.Boden Depa.tment of Crop Genetics John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park

Modifica.ions of inflorescence a.chitecture ha.e been crucia. for the successful domestica.ion of whea. a.d ba.ley, which a.e centra. members of the Triticea. tribe tha. provide essentia. gra.ns for the huma. diet. Investiga.ion of the genes a.d a.leles tha. underpin domestica.ion-rela.ed tra.ts ha. provided va.ua.le insights into the molecula. regula.ion of inflorescence development of the Triticea., a.d further investiga.ion of modified forms of a.chitecture a.e proving to be equa.ly *** identified genes a.e involved in diverse biologica. processes, including tra.scriptiona. regula.ion, hormone biosynthesis a.d meta.olism, post-tra.scriptiona. a.d post-tra.sla.iona. regula.ion, which a.ter inflorescence a.chitecture by modifying the development a.d fertility of la.era. orga.s, ca.led spikelets a.d florets. recent a.va.ces in sequencing ca.a.ilities a.d the genera.ion of muta.t popula.ions a.e a.celera.ing the identifica.ion of genes tha. influence inflorescence development, which is importa.t given tha. genetic va.ia.ion for this tra.t promises to be a.va.ua.le resource for optimizing gra.n production. This review a.sesses recent a.va.ces in our understa.ding of the genes controlling inflorescence development in whea. a.d ba.ley, with the a.m of highlighting the importa.ce of improvements in developmenta. biology for optimizing the a.ronomic performa.ce of sta.le crop pla.ts.

关键词： Genetic pa.hwa.s Modifica.ions a.chitecture