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Chinese Birds 2015年第3期6卷 121-131页

作者： Eben Goodale Ping Ding Xiaohu Liu Ari Martínez Xingfeng Si Mitch Walters scott k.Robinson Department of Forestry Guangxi University College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Wildlife Conservation Society China Program Department of Biology San Francisco State University Department of Biology University of Florida Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida

Mixed-species flocks of birds are distributed world-wide and can be especially dominant in temperate forests during the non-breeding season and in tropical rainforests *** review from a community ecology perspective what is known about the structure and organization of flocks,emphasizing that flocking species tend to be those particularly vulnerable to predation,and flocks tend to be led by species that are able to act as sources of information about predators for other *** on how flocks respond to fragmentation and land-use intensification continue to accumulate,but the question of whether the flock phenomenon makes species more vulnerable to anthropogenic change remains *** review the literature on flocks in East Asia and demonstrate there is a good foundation of knowledge on which to *** then outline potentially fruitful future directions,focusing on studies that can investigate how dependent species are on each other in flocks,and how such interdependencies might affect avian habitat selection in the different types of human-modified environments of this region.

关键词： Biodiversity crisis Biological networks Community assembly Competition Interspecific communication keystone species Mutualism Pr

Exercise-induced oxidative stress:Friend or foe?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第5期9卷 415-425页

作者： scott k.Powers Rafael Deminice Mustafa Ozdemir Toshinori Yoshihara Matthew P.Bomkamp Hayden Hyatt Department of Applied Physiology and kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32608USA Department of Physical Education State University of LondrinaLondrina10011Brazil Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences Hacettepe UniversityAnkara06800Turkey Department of Exercise Physiology Juntendo UniversityTokyo270-1695Japan

The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress in humans was published more than 4 decades *** this discovery,many ensuing investigations have corroborated the fact that muscular exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and results in oxidative stress in numerous tissues including blood and skeletal *** several tissues may contribute to exercise-induced ROS production,it is predicted that muscular contractions stimulate ROS production in active muscle fibers and that skeletal muscle is a primary source of ROS production during *** contraction-induced ROS generation is associated with(1)oxidant damage in several tissues(e.g.,increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation),(2)accelerated muscle fatigue,and(3)activation of biochemical signaling pathways that contribute to exercise-induced adaptation in the contracting muscle *** our understanding of exercise and oxidative stress has advanced rapidly during the last decades,questions remain about whether exercise-induced increases in ROS production are beneficial or harmful to *** review addresses this issue by discussing the site(s)of oxidant production during exercise and detailing the health consequences of exercise-induced ROS production.

关键词： Hormesis Oxidants Radicals Reactive oxygen species Skeletal muscle

Classifying handedness in chiral nanomaterials using label error robust deep learning

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1417-1423页

作者： C.k.Groschner Alexander J.Pattison Assaf Ben-Moshe A.Paul Alivisatos Wolfgang Theis M.C.scott Department of Materials Science and Engineering UC BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA School of Physics and Astronomy University of BirminghamBirminghamUK Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA

High-throughput scanning electron microscopy(SEM)coupled with classification using neural networks is an ideal method to determine the morphological handedness of large populations of chiral *** labeling removes the time-consuming manual labeling of training data,but introduces label error,and subsequently classification error in the trained neural ***,we evaluate methods to minimize classification error when training from automated labels of SEM datasets of chiral Tellurium *** the mirror relationship between images of opposite handed particles,we artificially create populations of varying label *** analyze the impact of label error rate and training method on the classification error of neural networks on an ideal dataset and on a practical *** the three training methods considered,we find that a pretraining approach yields the most accurate results across label error rates on ideal datasets,where size and other morphological variables are held constant,but that a co-teaching approach performs the best in practical application.

关键词： error chiral remove

Unsupervised learning of load signatures to estimate energy-related building features using surrogate modelling techniques

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1273-1286页

作者： Shane Ferreira Burak Gunay Araz Ashouri scott Shillinglaw Carleton University OttawaK1S 5B6Canada National Research Council Canada OttawaK1A 0R6Canada

Characterization of an existing building’s energy-related features is critical to inform maintenance and retrofit ***,existing field-scale characterization methods tend to be labour intensive,invasive,and require high fidelity longitudinal data gathered through tightly regulated *** highlights the need for a low cost,scalable,and efficient screening *** paper puts forward a surrogate model-based approach to rapidly estimate energy-related building *** this end,EnergyPlus models for 12 midrise office archetypes,all with a rectangular footprint,are *** thousand variants of each archetype are generated by altering envelope,causal heat gain,and heating,ventilation,and air conditioning operation features.A unique load signature is derived for each variant’s heating and cooling energy *** parameters of the load signatures are clustered,then each cluster is associated with a set of plausible energy-related *** accuracy of the results was evaluated using five test buildings not seen by the *** method could effectively identify building features with reasonable accuracy and no significant degradation in performance across all 12 archetypes.

关键词： remote characterization energy-related building features surrogate modelling cluster analysis

The drift history of the Dharwar Craton and India from 2.37 Ga to 1.01 Ga with refinements for an initial Rodinia configuration

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 245-269页

作者： scott R.Miller Joseph G.Meert Anthony F.Pivarunas Anup k.Sinha Manoj k.Pandit Paul A.Mueller George D.kamenov Department of Geological Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32601USA U.S.Geological Survey GeologyMineralsEnergyand Geophysics Science CenterUnited States Geological SurveyMoffett FieldCA 94035USA Dr.k.S.krishnan Geomagnetic Research Laboratory Chamanganj BazaarAllahabad 221505India Department of Geology University of RajasthanJaipur 302004RajasthanIndia

Coupled paleomagnetic and geochronologic data derived from mafic dykes provide valuable records of continental *** reconstruct the Proterozoic paleogeographic history of Peninsular India,we report paleomagnetic directions and U-Pb zircon ages from twenty-nine mafic dykes in the Eastern Dharwar Craton near *** analysis yielded clusters of directional data that correspond to dyke swarms at 2.37 Ga,2.22 Ga,2.08 Ga,1.89-1.86 Ga,1.79 Ga,and a previously undated dual polarity *** report new positive baked contact tests for the 2.08 Ga swarm and the 1.89-1.86 Ga swarm(s),and a new inverse baked contact test for the 2.08 Ga *** results promote the 2.08 Ga Dharwar Craton paleomagnetic pole(43.1°N,184.5°E;A95=4.3°)to a reliability score of R=7 and suggest a position for the Dharwar Craton at 1.79 Ga based on a virtual geomagnetic pole(VGP)at 33.0°N,347.5°E(a95=16.9°,k=221,N=2).The new VGP for the Dharwar Craton provides support for the union of the Dharwar,Singhbhum,and Bastar Cratons in the Southern India Block by at least 1.79 *** new and published northeast-southwest moderate-steep dual polarity directions from Dharwar Craton dykes define a new paleomagnetic pole at 20.6°N,233.1°E(A95=9.2°,N=18;R=5).Two dykes from this group yielded 1.05-1.01 Ga 207Pb/206Pb zircon ages and this range is taken as the age of the new paleomagnetic pole.A comparison of the previously published poles with our new 1.05-1.01 Ga pole shows India shifting from equatorial to higher(southerly)latitudes from 1.08 Ga to 1.01 Ga as a component of Rodinia.

关键词： Dharwar India Rodinia U-Pb Paleogeography Grenville

Textural and functional analysis of sorghum flour cookies as ice cream inclusions

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2023年第2期6卷 100-111页

作者： J.S.Myers scott R.Bean F.M.Aramouni X.Wu k.A.Schmidt Food Science Institute Kansas State University ManhattanKSUSA United States Department of Agriculture ManhattanKSUSA Department of Animal Science and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKSUnited States of America

Flour serves as one of the primary ingredients of cookies,which affects dough properties,physical changes during baking,and post-baking cookie *** gluten-free cookie formulations were developed with the goal of use as inclusions in frozen *** and chocolate cookies were made with sorghum flour or all-purpose wheat flour and then evaluated for physical and chemical *** determine functionality in a frozen state,texture analysis was conducted on cookies at−30℃,−17°C,and 20℃,replicating various ice cream storage *** simulate the process effect of incorporating the product into a frozen dessert,cookies were crumbled mechanically,and the crumbles were separated based on *** evaluating cookies,no significant differences(Pkness(T),spread,and W/T ratio for flour source within *** cookies had lower moisture contents than chocolate cookies;further,blonde cookies made from sorghum flour had less moisture than those made with wheat *** the cookie temperature decreased from 20℃to−17℃,cookie hardness increased,with flour type having no *** formula,cookies had similar instrumental color ***,blonde cookies made from sorghum flour produced more smaller-sized pieces than those made from wheat *** results of this study demonstrate that sorghum flour cookies have desirable properties for use as inclusions in ice cream and other frozen desserts.

关键词： Cookie Sorghum Inclusion Gluten-free Ice cream

Medically tailored meals for the management of symptomatic ascites:the SALTYFOOD pilot randomized clinical trial

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第6期8卷 453-456,I0002页

作者： Elliot B.Tapper Jad Baki Samantha Nikirk scott Hummel Sumeet k.Asrani Anna SLok Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Gastroenterology Section VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Biostatistics University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Baylor University Medical Center DallasTXUSA

Background:Ascites is a costly,morbid complication of *** a low-sodium diet is central to the clinical management of ascites,its efficacy is limited by poor *** aimed to determine the feasibility and impact of lowsodium medically tailored meals(MTM)***:We enrolled 40 persons with cirrhosis and ascites at the time of a paracentesis in a 12-week,1:1 randomized trial of standard of care(SOC)(low-sodiumdiet educational handout)or MTM with2,100 kcal,and>80 g of protein including a nocturnal protein *** determined the proportion of eligible candidates recruited and adherence to *** primary outcome was the number of paracenteses performed during weeks *** also collected ascites-specific quality-of-life(ASI-7)***:The median age of the enrolled subjects was 54(IQR,47-63)years,46%were female,with median MELD-Na 18(IQR,11-23)and albumin 2.7(IQR,2.5-3.3)g/*** baseline,subjects reported a median of two(IQR,1-3)paracenteses in the prior 4 *** to the meal schedule was excellent save for when hospitalizations *** 12 weeks,patients in the MTM arm required fewer paracenteses per week than those in the SOC group[median(IQR):0.34(0.14-0.54)vs 0.45(0.25-0.64)].During the trial,four(20%)SOC patients died,whereas two(10%)died and one(5%)was transplanted in the MTM ***-specific quality of life improved to a greater degree in the MTM arm compared to the SOC arm,by 25%(IQR,-11%to 61%)vs 13%(IQR,-28%to 54%).Conclusion:A trial of MTM for persons with ascites is feasible and potentially *** arms experienced benefits,highlighting the role for improved education and closer monitoring in this challenging condition.

关键词： cirrhosis ascites paracentesis sodium

Tough Times Mean Time Together for Some Families

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英语画刊（初三版） 2009年第10期 28-29页

作者： Megan k. scott

Inhibition of pancreatic EZH2 restores progenitor insulin in T1D donor

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 3045-3053页

作者： keith Al-Hasani Ishant khurana Lina Mariana Thomas Loudovaris scott Maxwell k.N.Harikrishnan Jun Okabe Mark ECooper Assam El-Osta Department of Diabetes Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3004Australia Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3004Australia Immunology and Diabetes Unit St Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia Department of Clinical Pathology The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Hong kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building30-32 Ngan Shing StreetSha TinHong Kong SAR Li ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Faculty of Health Department of TechnologyBiomedical Laboratory ScienceUniversity College CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is an autoimmune disease that selectively destroys insulin-producingβ-cells in the *** unmet need in diabetes management,current therapy is focussed on *** the reprogramming of progenitor cells into functional insulin-producingβ-cells has also been proposed this remains controversial and poorly *** challenge is determining why default transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine *** the death of a 13-year-old girl with established insulin-dependent T1D,pancreatic cells were harvested in an effort to restore and understand exocrine *** pancreas showed classic silencing ofβ-cell progenitor genes with barely detectable insulin(Ins)***126,a highly selective inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity influenced H3k27me3 chromatin content and transcriptional control resulting in the expression of coreβ-cell markers and ductal progenitor ***126 also reinstated Ins gene expression despite absoluteβ-cell *** studies show the refractory nature of chromatin characterises exocrine suppression influencingβ-cell *** regeneration studies are warranted to determine if the approach of this n-of-1 study generalises to a broader T1D population.

关键词： EZH2 progenitor donor

Endoscopy and polyps-diagnostic and therapeutic advances in management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第27期19卷 4277-4288页

作者： scott R Steele Eric k Johnson Bradley Champagne Brad Davis Sang Lee David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Dana A Hayden Justin A Maykel Department of Surgery Madigan Army Medical CenterMadigan Health SystemTacoma Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Case Western Reserve Medical Center Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College Department of Surgery Huntington Hospital/North Shore-LIJ Health System Department of Surgery Riverview Plaza Riverview Medical CenterRed Bank Department of Surgery Loyola University Health System Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center

Despite multiple efforts aimed at early detection through screening, colon cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with an estimated 51000 deaths during 2013 alone. The goal remains to identify and remove benign neoplastic polyps prior to becoming invasive cancers. Polypoid lesions of the colon vary widely from hyperplastic, hamartomatous and inflammatory to neoplastic adenomatous growths. Although these lesions are all benign, they are common, with up to one-quarter of patients over 60 years old will develop pre-malignant adenomatous polyps. Colonoscopy is the most effective screening tool to detect polyps and colon cancer, although several studies have demonstrated missed polyp rates from 6%-29%, largely due to variations in polyp size. This number can be as high as 40%, even with advanced (> 1 cm) adenomas. Other factors including sub-optimal bowel preparation, experience of the endoscopist, and patient anatomical variations all affect the detection rate. Additional challenges in decision-making exist when dealing with more advanced, and typically larger, polyps that have traditionally required formal resection. In this brief review, we will explore the recent advances in polyp detection and therapeutic options.

关键词： Polyps Endoscopy Colonoscopy Endoscopic submucosal dissection Endoscopic mucosal resection Quality Combined endoscopic-laparoscopic resection Combined laparoscopic-endoscopic resection Combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery