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Earthworm rather than biochar and sodium silicate addition increased bacterial diversity in mining areas subjected to chemical fertilization

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biochar 2019年第4期1卷 365-374页

作者： Tengxiang Lian Ling Ma Yajun Zeng scott XChang Qibin Li Xiaoyang Chen Hai Nian The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources South China Agricultural UniversityNo.483 Wushan RoadGuangzhou 510642GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular breeding of Guangdong Province College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2E3Canada

The addition of biochar,sodium silicate,or earthworm is a feasible practice to repair soils disturbed by mining activities,and the reclamation is largely based on the alteration of the diversity and structure of soil *** objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of these supplements on soil bacterial community diversity and structure in reclaimed mine areas.A field experiment with soybean was carried out in mining areas to assess the efficiency of nitrogen,phospho-rus and potassium(NPK)fertilizers plus those supplements on soil bacterial community structure and diversity by the 16S rRNA sequencing *** chemical properties were analyzed to their effects on the bacterial community *** results showed that the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(NPK)fertilizers significantly increased bacterial diversity,and a further increase was observed in NPK plus biochar,sodium silicate or earthworm ***,a higher number of genera were found in the NPK plus biochar and NPK plus earthworm treatments than that in the control,NPK and NPK plus sodium silicate *** bacterial community was significantly associated with nutrients,such as carbon(C)and nitrogen(N).Moreover,soil organic carbon(SOC)and pH were the most dominant factors in shaping the soil bacterial community structure and *** data indicate that the addition of earthworms to soil rather than biochar and sodium silicate was the best strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of mining activities on soil bacterial diversity.

关键词： Mine reclamation biochar Soil organic carbon bacterial community Illumina MiSeq sequencing

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Targeted Application of Motor Learning Theory to Leverage Youth Neuroplasticity for Enhanced Injury-Resistance and Exercise Performance: OPTIMAL PREP

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 17-36页

作者： Jed A.Diekfuss Dustin R.Grooms Jennifer A.Hogg Harjiv Singh Alexis b.Slutsky-Ganesh scott bonnette Christopher Riehm Manish Anand Katharine S.Nissen Gary b.Wilkerson Gregory D.Myer The SPORT Center Division of Sports MedicineCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center3333 Burnet AvenueMLC 10001CincinnatiOH 45229USA Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOHUSA Division of Athletic Training School of Applied Health Sciences and WellnessCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA Division of Physical Therapy School of Rehabilitation and Communication SciencesCollege of Health Sciences and ProfessionsOhio UniversityAthensOHUSA Deparatment of Health and Human Performance The University of Tennessee ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences University of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA Department of Kinesiology The University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNCUSA Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention WalthamMAUSA

Youth athletes are ideal candidates for novel therapeutic motor learning interventions that leverage the plasticity of the central nervous system to promote desirable biomechanical *** summarize the empirical data supporting the three pillars of the Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning(OPTIMAL)theory of motor learning and expand on potential neurophysiologic mechanisms that will support enhanced movement mechan-ics in youth to optimize prevention programs for reduced injury risk,injury rehabilitation,exercise performance,and play(Prevention Rehabilitation Exercise Play;PREP).Specifically,we highlight the role of motivational factors to promote the release of dopamine that could accelerate motor performance and learning ***,we detail the potential for an external focus of attention to shift attentional allocation and increase brain activity in regions important for sensorimotor integration to facilitate primary motor cortex *** manuscript serves to provide the most current data in support of the application of OPTIMAL PREP training strategies of the future.

关键词： Dopamine Musculoskeletal Exercise performance Motor behavior

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Mercury bioaccumulation in aquatic biota along a salinity gradient in the Saint John River estuary

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 41-54页

作者： bethany L.Reinhart Karen A.Kidd R.Allen Curry Nelson J.O’Driscoll scott A.Pavey Department of biology and Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Saint John Saint John New Brunswick E2L4L5 Canada Department of biology Forestry and Environmental Management and Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick E3B4A3 Canada Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Acadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia B4P2R6 Canada Department of biology and School of Geography & Earth Sciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario LSS 4K1 Canada

Although estuaries are critical habitats for many aquatic species, the spatial trends of toxic methylmercury（MeHg） in biota from fresh to marine waters are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine if MeHg concentrations in biota changed along a salinity gradient in an estuary. Fourspine Stickleback（Apeltes quadracus）, invertebrates（snails,amphipods, and chironomids）, sediments, and water were collected from ten sites along the Saint John River estuary, New brunswick, Canada in 2015 and 2016, with salinities ranging from 0.06 to 6.96. Total mercury（proxy for MeHg） was measured in whole fish and MeHg was measured in a subset of fish, pooled invertebrates, sediments, and water. Stable sulfur（δ34S）, carbon（δ13 C）, and nitrogen（δ15N） isotope values were measured to assess energy sources（S, C） and relative trophic level（N）. There were increases in biotic δ13C and δ34S from fresh to more saline sites and these measures were correlated with *** aqueous MeHg was higher at the freshwater than more saline sites, only chironomid MeHg increased significantly with salinity. In the Saint John River estuary, there was little evidence that MeHg and its associated risks increased along a salinity gradient.

关键词： Stickleback Amphipod Methylmercury biomagnification Stable isotopes Food web

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Candidate genes underlying QTL for flowering time and their interactions in a wide spring barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cross

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 862-872页

作者： Ana M.Casas Carlota R.Gazulla Arantxa Monteagudo Carlos P.Cantalapiedra Marian Moralejo MPilar Gracia Francisco J.Ciudad William T.b.Thomas Jose L.Molina-Cano scott boden bruno Contreras-Moreira Ernesto Igartua Department of Genetics and Plant Production Aula Dei Experimental Station(EEAD-CSIC)Avda Montanana 1005E-50059 ZaragozaSpain University of Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center Avda.Rovira Roure 19125198 LleidaSpain Instituto de Tecnologia Agraria Junta de Castilla y LeonITACyLP.O.Box 17247071 ValladolidSpain The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(UdL-IRTA) Avda Rovira Roure 19125198 LleidaSpain John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK Fundacion ARAID calle Maria de Luna 1150018 ZaragozaSpain Present address:Centro de biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)and Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Madrid 28223Spain Present address:School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA 5064Australia Present address:The European bioinformatics Institute(EMbL-EbI) Wellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxtonUK

Response to vernalization and photoperiod are the main determinants controlling the time to flowering in temperate cereals. While the individual genes that determine a plant's response to these environmental signals are well characterized, the combinatorial effect on flowering time of allelic variants for multiple genes remains unresolved. This study investigated the genetic control of flowering-time in a biparental population of spring barley, derived from a wide cross between a late-flowering European and an early-flowering North-American cultivar. While the major flowering time genes are not segregating in the beka ×Logan cross, large variation in flowering was observed. We identified five QTL, with both parents found to contribute early alleles. The catalog of QTL discovered aligns with several candidate genes affecting flowering time in barley. The combination of particular alleles at HvCEN, HvELF3 and HvFT1 in Logan are responsible for the earliness of this cultivar. Interestingly, earliness for flowering could be further enhanced, with beka found to contribute three early alleles, including a QTL colocating with a HvFD-like gene, suggesting that there are diverse aspects of the flowering-time pathway that have been manipulated in these two cultivars. Epistatic interactions between flowering-time QTL or candidate genes were observed in field data and confirmed under controlled conditions. The results of this study link photoperiod-dependent flowering-time genes with earliness per se genes into a single model, thus providing a unique framework that can be used by geneticists and breeders to optimize flowering time in barley.

关键词： barley Flowering HvELF3 HvCEN HvFT1

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Effects of Parental Migration on Mental Health of Left-behind Children： Evidence from Northwestern China

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China & World Economy 2016年第3期24卷 105-122页

作者： Yaojiang Shi Yu bai Yanni Shen, Kaleigh Kenny scott Rozelle Professor Center for Experimental Economics in Education Shaanxi Normal University China. PhD candidate Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China. Graduate student Center for Experimental Economics in Education Shaanxi Normal University China. Research Assistant Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA. Professor Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA.

China＇s rapid development and urbanization have induced large numbers of rural residents to migrate from their homes in the countryside to urban areas in search of higher wages. It is estimated that there are more than 60 million ＂left-behind children ＂＂（LbC） remaining in the countryside after their parents migrate, typically living with surrogate caregivers. Extensive research has focused on the impact of parental out- migration on children＇s mental health, but less attention has been paid to the effects of parental return-migration. The present paper examines the changes in mental health before and after the parents of fourth and fifih grade students out-migrate or return-migrate. We draw on a panel dataset collected by the authors of more than 19 000 students from 252 rural primary schools in northwestern China. Using DID and propensity score matching approaches, our results indicate that parental out-migration has a significant negative impact on the mental health of LbC, as they tend to exhibit higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem. However, we find that parental return-migration has no significant effect on the mental health of LbC.

关键词： left-behind children mental health out-migration return-migration rural China

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Ultrasound-Guided Left Stellate Ganglion blocks for Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia (Electrical Storm)

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2018年第3期8卷 80-84页

作者： Michael R. Ander scott W. byram Ulana b. Sonevytsky Department of Anesthesiology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood IL USA

Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia, or Electrical Storm, is a relatively common cause of mortality and morbidity after myocardial infarction. We present a case in which left stellate ganglion blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance in order to alleviate recurrent ventricular tachycardia in a patient requiring extracorpeal membrane oxygenation after myocardial infarction. A medically complex 54-year-old male after two weeks removed from an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction status post stenting and intra-aortic balloon pump placement presented in the cardiovascular intensive care unit with recurrent unstable ventricular tachycardia while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and multiple vasoactive infusions. Our acute pain service was consulted by the cardiac electrophysiology service to provide left stellate ganglion blocks in attempt to attenuate electrical storm. Multiple single shot left stellate ganglion blocks were performed on subsequent days with increasing local anesthetic concentrations and volumes successfully providing temporary relief of electrical storm. A left stellate ganglion catheter was eventually placed, and a continuous infusion of local anesthesia was started. The patient experienced complete relief from unstable ventricular tachycardia and no further defibrillations were required. The catheter remained in place for 14 days allowing for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation decannulation without the return of electrical storm. We believe ultrasound guided left stellate ganglion blocks to be a relatively safe means to provide temporary relief of recurrent ventricular tachycardia.

关键词： Stellate Ganglion block Electrical Storm Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia

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bravo (wireless) ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring: How do day 1 and day 2 results compare?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第30期13卷 4091-4095页

作者： Matthew L bechtold Jason-scott L Holly Klaus Thaler John b Marshall Division of Gastroenterology University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States General Surgery University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States

AIM: To investigate if differences exist for patients’ gastroesophageal reflux as measured by the bravo ambulatory esophageal pH system between d 1 and d 2. METHODS: A retrospective study of 27 consecutive adult patients who underwent bravo esophageal pH monitoring was performed. Patients underwent EGD under Ⅳ conscious sedation prior to bravo placement. Acid reflux variables and symptom scores for d 1 were compared to d 2. RESULTS: The mean doses of fentanyl and midazolam were 90.4 μg and 7.2 mg, respectively. D 1 results were significantly more elevated than d 2 with respect to total time pH ber of long refluxes. No statistical difference was noted between the two days for supine position reflux, number of refluxes, duration of longest reflux, episodes of heartburn, and symptom score. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing bravo esophageal pH monitoring in association with EGD and moderate conscious sedation experience significantly more acid reflux on d 1 compared to d 2. The Ⅳ sedation may be responsible for the increased reflux on d 1. Performed this way, 48-h bravo results may not be entirely representative of the patients’ true GE reflux profile.

关键词：食道 PH值返流疾病治疗方法

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Different responses of two Mosla species to potassium limitation in relation to acid rain deposition

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science b(biomedicine & biotechnology) 2009年第8期10卷 563-571页

作者： Meng WANG bao-jing GU Ying GE Zhen LIU De-an JIANG scott X. CHANG Jie CHANG College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E3 Canada

The increasingly serious problem of acid rain is leading to increased potassium(K) loss from soils,and in our field investigation,we found that even congenerically relative Mosla species show different tolerance to K-deficiency.A hydroponic study was conducted on the growth of two Mosla species and their morphological,physiological and stoichiometric traits in response to limited(0.35 mmol K/L),normal(3.25 mmol K/L) and excessive(6.50 mmol K/L) K *** hangchowensis is an endangered plant,whereas Mosla dianthera a widespread *** the case of ***,in comparison with normal K concentration,K-limitation induced a significant reduction in net photosynthetic rate(Pn),soluble protein content,and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,but an increase in malondialdehyde(MDA) ***,leaf mass ratio(LMR) and root mass ratio(RMR) were changed little by *** contrast,for ***,K-limitation had little effect on Pn,soluble protein content,SOD activity,and MDA concentration,but increased LMR and *** values of N(nitrogen):K and K:P(phosphorus) ratios in the shoots indicated that limitation in acquiring K occurred under K-limited conditions for *** but not for *** found that low K content in natural habitats was a restrictive factor in the growth and distribution of ***,and soil K-deficiency caused by acid rain worsened the situation of ***-chowensis,while *** could well acclimate to the increasing *** suggest that controlling the acid rain and applying K fertilizers may be an effective way to rescue the endangered ***.

关键词：反应酸雨钾

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Environmentthe science behind the stories

Environmentthe science behind the stories

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2005年

作者： brennan scott R.scott brennan Jay Withgott. Withgott Jay.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria are structured by geography in biological soil crusts across North American arid lands

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 98-107页

作者： Yevgeniy Marusenko scott T bates Ian Anderson Shannon L Johnson Tanya Soule Ferran Garcia-Pichel School of Life Sciences Arizona State UniversityP.O.Box 874501TempeAZ 85287-4501USA Cooperative Institute for Researchin Environmental Sciences University of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA bioscience Division B-11Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA Department of biology Indiana University-Purdue UniversityFort WayneINUSA

Introduction:biological soil crusts(bSCs)can dominate surface cover in dry lands worldwide,playing an integral role in arid land biogeochemistry,particularly in N fertilization through fixation and *** is a characteristic and universal N transformation in bSCs that becomes important for the export of N beyond the microscopic bounds of the crust *** contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOb)in bSCs has been shown,but the role and extent of the recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)have ***:We sampled various types of crusts in four desert regions across the western United States and characterized the composition and size of ammonia-oxidizing communities using clone libraries and quantitative PCR targeting the amoA gene,which codes for the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme,universally present in ammonia-oxidizing ***:All archaeal amoA sequences retrieved from bSCs belonged to the Thaumarchaeota(Nitrososphaera associated Group I.1b).Sequences from the Sonoran Desert,Colorado Plateau,and Great basin were indistinguishable from each other but distinct from those of the Chihuahuan *** on amoA gene abundances,archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers were ubiquitous in our survey,but the ratios of archaeal to bacterial ammonia oxidizers shifted from bacterially dominated in northern,cooler deserts to archaeally dominated in southern,warmer ***:Archaea are shown to be potentially important biogeochemical agents of biological soil crust N *** associated with different types of bSCs and biogeographical factors reveal a niche differentiation between AOA and AOb,possibly driven by temperature.

关键词： biological soil crust Desert Arid amoA Ammonia oxidation Nitrification Nitrogen cycle Thaumarchaeota

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