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A narrative review on the role of abicipar in age-related macular degeneration

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Annals of Eye Science 2021年第4期6卷 31-39页

作者： Hossein Ghahvechian Ahmed B.Sallam sayena jabbehdari Eye Research Center The Five Senses Health InstituteRassoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Jones Eye Institute University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA

In developed countries,age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is the main cause of visual impairment in the *** the etiology of AMD is still unclear,it has been well understood that vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is involved in the development of aberrant vasculature that represents the neovascular AMD(nAMD).Hence,VEGF inhibition is a more effective way to control ***,ranibizumab,and aflibercept are three drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to treat ***(an anti-VEGF medication comparable to ranibizumab)is already widely used off *** anti-VEGF medicines are made up of antibodies or pieces of *** designed ankyrin repeat proteins(DARPins)imitate antibodies introduced recently by evolutions in bioengineering *** agents are designed to have high specificity and affinity to a specific target,smaller molecular size,and better tissue penetration,making them more stable and longer-acting at less *** pegol(Allergan,Dublin,Ireland)is a DARPin that interlocks all VEGF-A *** has a greater affinity for VEGF and a longer intraocular half-life than ranibizumab,making it a feasible anti-VEGF *** review describes the properties and efficacy of abicipar,the new anti-VEGF agent,in clinical practice,which aims to improve outcomes,safety,and treatment burden of nAMD.

关键词： Abicipar pegol age-related macular degeneration(AMD) choroidal neovascularization(CNV) vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)

Spatial distribution of sand flies(Diptera: Psychodidae; Larroussius group), the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Northwest of Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第9期8卷 425-430页

作者： Eslam Moradi-Asl Yavar Rassi Davoud Adham Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Abedin Saghafipour sayena Rafizadeh Department of Public Health School of Public Health Ardabil University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Qom University of Medical Sciences Ministry of Health National Institute for Medical Research Development

Objective: To determine spatial distribution of sand flies(Diptera: Psychodidae; Larroussius group), the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil province, Northwest of ***: Sand flies were collected using sticky traps from the 30 selected points in Ardabil province, during May-November *** MaxEnt model in GIS software was used for ***: A total of 2 794 specimens of sand flies were collected, of which 33% were Larroussius subgenus sand *** kandelakii and Phlebotomus wenyoni were the highest and lowest collected species *** on the modeling, four areas in the province were identified with more than 70% probability of the presence of Larroussius group vectors which were at risk of visceral leishmaniasis disease ***: The distribution of Larroussius subgenus sand flies was observed in all parts of *** the northern parts of the province(Germi and Bilesavar counties) as well as central part(Ardabil and Meshkinshahr counties) were of great importance in terms of the presence of Larroussius subgenus sand flies and the possibility of transmission of the visceral leishmaniasis.

关键词： Larroussius subgenus Sand fly Ardabil Modeling Iran

Distribution and ecological aspects of sand flies(Diptera:Psychodidae) species in Northeastern Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第9期11卷 526-533页

作者： Aioub Sofizadeh Yavar Rassi Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Hamid Reza Shoraka Fatemeh Mesgarian sayena Rafizadeh Infectious Diseases Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Vector-borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Gonbad-e Kavoos Health Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Ministry of Health National Institute for Medical Research Development(NIMAD)

Objective:To determine both the distribution and the ecological characteristics of sand flies in Golestan Province,northeast of Iran in ***:In this study,34 villages were selected based on their geographical *** paper traps were used for collecting the sand *** was carried out in each of villages from May to *** each village,60 traps for indoors and 60 for outdoors were monthly *** species of all collected sand flies were determined using approved morphological *** coefficient correlation was used to find the relationship between the number of collected Phlebotomus papatasi from different villages and incidence rate of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis as well as the number of positive cases of the *** altitude of the studied villages was extracted from digital elevation model of the area using GIS and vegetation cover density index of the province was extracted from Modis satellite imagery and distribution map of sand flies drown ***:Overall,5 428 sand flies were collected and identified,belonging to 18 *** wenyoni was reported for the first time from the area in this *** frequency of sand flies in the villages located in northeast of the Golestan province(the plateau area,lower altitude,arid and semi-arid climates,and lower vegetation cover density),were more than other villages in this *** was a significant correlation between the number of collected Phlebotomus papatasi and incidence rate of the zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in different villages(r=0.837,P=0.019) as well as the number of positive cases of the disease(r=0.688,P<0.001).Conclusions:In the northeaster areas of Golestan Province which is known as the endemic foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis,the abundance of sand flies were more and the conditions for their growth and development were more appropriate.

关键词： Sand fly Ecology Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis Iran

Morphometric discrimination between females of two isomorphic sand fly species, Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis(Diptera:Phlebotominae) in endemic and non-endemic foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第4期12卷 153-162页

作者： Azad Absavaran Mehdi Mohebali Vahideh Moin-Vaziri Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani Amir Ahmad Akhavan Fariba Mozaffarian sayena Rafizadeh Yavar Rassi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector control School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Insect Taxonomy Research Department Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Ministry of Health and Medical Education

Objective: To delineate reliable morphological characteristics for identifying and separating female Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis which exist sympatrically in the main foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in ***: Sand flies were collected using sticky trap papers from active colonies of rodent burrows installed from 16 catching sites. Morphometric measurements were analyzed of 87 Phlebotomus caucasicus and 156 Phlebotomus mongolensis. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to determine significant morphometric variables for discrimination of the two species. Finally, seven morphological characteristics of 65 female Phlebotomus caucasicus and 124 female Phlebotomus mongolensis were ***: Univariate and multivariate analyses of 10 morphometric variables via Discriminant Function Analysis(DFA) and Principal Component Analysis(PCA) showed that five morphometric variables had an accuracy of 100% for discriminating female Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis. Moreover, PCA revealed that the five morphometric variables with the highest loadings separated these two species. Morphological studies on antennal flagellum(and its associated structures) and mouth-parts of female specimens demonstrated significant differences in several ***: The results show that morphological and morphometrical features can be used to discriminate two female isomorphic species, Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis accurately.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Phlebotomus caucasicus Phlebotomus mongolensis Morphometry Discriminant Functional Analysis Principal Component Analysis Iran