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Distribution of Ag(I), Li(I)-Cs(I) Picrates, and Na(I) Tetraphenylborate with Differences in Phase Volume between Water and Diluents

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2020年第1期11卷 25-46页

作者： Satoshi Ikeda saya morioka Yoshihiro Kudo Graduate School of Science and Engineering Chiba University Chiba Japan

Ionic strength conditions in distribution experiments with single ions are very important for evaluating their distribution properties. Distribution experiments of picrates (MPic) with M = Ag(I) and Li(I)-Cs(I) into o-dichlorobenzene (oDCBz) were performed at 298 K by changing volume ratios (Vorg/V) between water and oDCBz phases, where “org” shows an organic phase. Simultaneously, an analytic equation with the Vorg/V variation was derived in order to analyze such distribution systems. Additionally, the AgPic distribution into nitrobenzene (NB), dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethene (DCE) and the NaB(C6H5) 4 (=NaBPh4) one into NB and DCE were studied at 298 K under the conditions of various Vorg/V values. So, extraction constants (Kex) for MPic into the org phases, their ion-pair formation constants (KMA,org) for MA = MPic in the org ones, and standard distribution constants () for the M(I) transfers between the water and org bulk phases with M = Ag and Li-Cs were determined at the distribution equilibrium potential (dep) of zero V between the bulk phases and also the Kex (NaA), KNaA,org, and values were done at A-=BPh-4. Here, the symbols Kex, KMA,org, and or were defined as [MA] org/[M+][A-], [MA] org/[M+]org [A-]org, and [M+]org/[M+] or [A-]org/[A-] at dep = 0, respectively. Especially, the ionic strength dependences of Kex and KMPic,org were examined at M = Li(I)-K(I) and org = oDCBz. From above, the conditional distribution constants, KD,BPh4 and KD,Cs, were classified by checking the experimental conditions of the I, Iorg, and dep values.

关键词： Standard Distribution Constants Volume Ratios Distribution Equilibrium Potentials Ionic Strength Dependence Extraction Constant Ion-Pair Formation Constant o-Dichlorobenzene

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Participation of peribiliary glands in biliary tract pathophysiologies

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第8期5卷 425-432页

作者： saya Igarashi Yasunori Sato Xiang Shan Ren Kenichi Harada Motoko Sasaki Yasuni Nakanuma Department of Human Pathology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine

AIM:To investigate the roles of peribiliary glands around the bile ducts in the pathophysiology of the biliary ***:The expression of fetal pancreatic markers,pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1(PDX1)and hairy and enhancer of split 1(HES1)and endodermal stem/progenitor(S/P)cell markers[CD44s,chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),SOX9 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule(EpCAM)]were examined immunohistochemically in 32 normal adult livers(autopsy livers)and 22 hepatolithiatic livers(surgically resected livers).The latter was characterized by the proliferation of the peribiliary *** was performed using formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissue sections after *** PDX1and HES1 were expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells,only nuclear staining was ***9 was expressed in the nucleus,while CD44s,CXCR4 and EpCAM were expressed in the cell *** frequency and extent of the expression of these molecules in the lining epithelia and peribiliary glands were evaluated semi-quantitatively based on the percentage of positive cells:0,1+(focal),2+(moderate)and 3+(extensive).RESULTS:In normal livers,PDX1 was infrequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but was frequently expressed in the peribiliary *** contrast,HES1was frequently expressed in the lining epithelia,but its expression in the peribiliary glands was focal,suggesting that the peribiliary glands retain the potential of differentiation toward the pancreas and the lining epithelia exhibit properties to inhibit such *** unique combination was also seen in hepatolithiatic *** expression of endodermal S/P cell markers varied in the peribiliary glands in normal livers:SOX9 and EpCAM were frequently expressed,CD44s infrequently,and CXCR4 almost not at *** expression of these markers,particularly CD44s and CXCR4,increased in the peribiliary glands and lining epithelia in hepatolithiatic *** increa

关键词： Biliary tree Peribiliary glands Pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1 Stem cells Differentiation Pancreas

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欧盟森林执法、施政与贸易自愿伙伴关系协议（FLEGT）与刚果共和国的不遵约行为

欧盟森林执法、施政与贸易自愿伙伴关系协议（FLEGT）与刚果共和...

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作者： saya Maba Ketsia 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

当公众对国际环境问题的关注是足够强大,需要采取行动时,政府往往反应谈判一项条约。2002年4月,欧洲委员会主办一次国际研讨会,讨论欧盟应该如何对付非法伐木。作为最大的木材和森林产品进口商之一,欧盟因此认为国际合作是必不可少的处... 详细信息

当公众对国际环境问题的关注是足够强大,需要采取行动时,政府往往反应谈判一项条约。2002年4月,欧洲委员会主办一次国际研讨会,讨论欧盟应该如何对付非法伐木。作为最大的木材和森林产品进口商之一,欧盟因此认为国际合作是必不可少的处理环境问题。非法伐木造成环境破坏、阻碍可持续发展、成本政府数十亿美元的收入损失,促进腐败和破坏法治。非法采伐和腐败之间的共生关系尤其是在刚果共和国地方非法伐木的估计水平可能高达70%。腐败是生态系统管理和生物多样性保护的最严重障碍之一。2003年,整个欧洲,制止非法木材贸易,欧盟委员会提出了一种森林执法、治理和贸易(森林法)。这一行动计划成为了主要的协调的机制,通过欧盟成员国处理林业木材生产发展中国家中存在的问题。它规定了新的措施,解决非法伐木,善政在发展中国家的法律文书和杠杆推动欧盟的内部市场所提供的链接。作为一种木材在刚果共和国的主要进口商,欧盟签署自愿的伙伴关系协定,制止非法的木材,特别是与许可证计划,以验证的合法性的木材出口到欧盟的贸易。然而,立法是实施、应用和执行的方式由国家差别很大。由于低执法和低处罚的组合,电流控制系统无法检测或阻吓非法活动。国家不是解释和始终如一地执行有关法例。一些国家只有部分或不正确地坚持或符合欧洲立法。刚果共和国经历了执法不力和一些欧盟国家仍然允许非法木材的音调到他们的边境。大约一半的刚果木材达到欧盟被认为是非法的意大利、法国、西班牙和葡萄牙正在主要进口商。刚果共和国每年出口一些美国$3亿3000万价值的木材。刚果的VPA执行十分缓慢。它是重要的是要注意它不是所有核心多边环境协定提供设施和支持,以便能够执行其法律更有效地在国家一级的国家。本论文旨在找出为什么刚果共和国不遵守森林法协定》。本文按以下步骤进行。我们审查国际关系文献基于理性选择理论中的两种突出的法规遵从性方法。首先,大多数国家想要在国际舞台上发挥作用,以巩固其地位的一种方法是依靠他们的国际声誉;因此,提高国家的信誉是增加他们讨价还价的权力,其他各国的工具性目标。众所周知,信守承诺的国家会发现更多的合作伙伴,当它寻求进入未来的合作安排,并将能够解决更多问题的合作比将该国拥有更良好的声誉。然而,不积极寻求提升其国际威望和信誉的国家没有强大的内部驱动器,以满足国际社会。对于这样的国家,符合要求的材料成本将比国际组织为其遵守社会回报更重要。由于这些国家没有收到执行协议》任何物质奖励,他们不都被出于社会奖励;我们可以预料他们的法规遵从性水平会很低。通过签署森林法VPA,欧盟已向生产国强制执行本协议提供支持。法规遵从性成本是对刚果共和国要多加留意,即使刚果政府有决心履行将法律太重要了,如果他们不打算这样做。第二点是,当作出决定时,人们首先权衡可能积极反对可能的负面后果,然后基地上他们怎么想他们选择将最终惠及他们最。非法伐木是直接链接到腐败。弱国,分散政府有不牢靠地抓住权力,其特征是政治不稳定、无政府状态和本地的领地。法治是在刚果共和国真的很低。尽管强有力的政府都试图从互补的法律事务;数目总贿赂收入最大化根据如刚果政府软弱的政府,私营部门有更多的机会通过合谋贪污来降低成本。这合谋的腐败还适合政府官员,谁鉴于政治的不稳定,它表征软弱的政府,急于短期内的个人利益,而不是建立政府收入最大化。如果森林法行动计划提出了更多的效益和成果,刚果共和国将遵守,因为它将有利于两地的他们。但如果他们没有任何本协议的益处,然后他们不打算遵守它,即使他们想要建立良好的声誉,在国际一级。我们得出结论,刚果共和国没有必要的资源(财务、行政和技术),遵守森林法协定》。监测和执法的森林是刚果的资源非常不足。法规遵从性成本是支出的时间或金钱在符合法例的要求。如果协议是对一国无甚价值,并且产生只有小的结果,丝毫的合规成本增加将导致叛逃。国家签订国际协议,他们同意履行某些义务在他们自己国家的法律制度,但民族国家独自负责遵守法律。刚果共和国不遵守森林法VPA,因为他们不能够承担费用的法规遵从性。通过增加外部制约因素,国家改变的国家战略的成本效益计算,导致他们的喜好改变战略最终导致在法规遵从性。收益率较高的成果或效益的关系不会受到成本较小的波动因为法规遵从性仍然产生积极的净效益。因此,在一般情况下,国家将缺陷从低净效益关系比他们从高利益关系将更频繁。只要欧盟委员会不能提供金融支持,包括必要的资源,向刚果共和国,法规遵从性的水平将保持在低。这意味着,在条约合作的好处在哪里排他性,声誉倾向于保护强大国家最大,因为大的国家是最有可能是位于中心的最有价值的合作关系。刚果共和国将遵守森林法协议,这样做是成本合理的范围内。

关键词：非法采伐和相关的贸易腐败不遵守情事共和国刚果欧盟森林法行动计划

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Maternal Anxiety 16 Months after the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster Area: First Report

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Health 2014年第10期6卷 870-878页

作者： Hatsumi Yoshii Hidemitsu Saito saya Kikuchi Takashi Ueno Kineko Sato Department of Psychiatry Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Japan Division of Clinical Psychology Graduate School of Education Tohoku University Sendai Japan Health Sciences Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Miyagi Japan

The Great East Japan Earthquake, a magnitude 9.0 quake that occurred on March 11, 2011, left more than 20,000 killed or missing and resulted in more than 400,000 people being displaced. The Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident released large amounts of radioactive material into the air. Among the victims of this combined disaster were many pregnant and parturient women, and this study aimed to determine post-disaster anxiety among this specific population and measures for the future. Participants were 259 women (mean age 33.02 ± 4.79 years) who gave birth around the time of the earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture, one of the disaster areas. Sixteen months after the earthquake, we administered survey questionnaires on anxiety. We transcribed questionnaire responses, coded raw data by context, and categorized these codes by commonality. After extracting subcategories of anxiety-related factors, we categorized them into more abstract concepts. Among the participants, 126 (48.6%) reported having no available professionals with whom they could consult about childrearing. Participants reported anxiety in the following 12 categories: “radiation,” “child’s physical and mental growth/development,” “recurrence of earthquake and tsunami,” “financial issues,” “childrearing environment,” “living environment,” “maternal employment,” “stigma,” “familial issues,” “maternal health,” “childrearing,” and “the future”. A beneficial way to reduce maternal anxiety in the 12 areas identified would be to develop support systems that provide continuous support for children’s mental health care needs, psychological guidance, community support for maternal empowerment, outreach for individual support, and professional consultation for mothers who have high anxiety about radioactivity.

关键词： Earthquake Maternal Anxiety Child Care Disaster Area

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Optical Measurements of Shock Waves in Critical Nozzles at Low Reynolds Numbers

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Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 2017年第2期5卷 36-50页

作者： Soichiro Yagi saya Inoue Shinichiro Nakao Daisuke Ono Yoshiaki Miyazato Faculty of Environmental Engineering The University of Kitakyushu Kitakyushu Japan

Two-dimensional critical nozzle flows at low Reynolds numbers are visualized by the rainbow schlieren deflectometry. Experiments have been performed in a region of overexpanded nozzle flow. The variation of the shock structure against the back pressure ratio can be clearly visible with color gradation. Static pressure rises due to the shock-induced flow separation are compared with the previous theories. The unsteady characteristics of overexpanded critical nozzle flows at low Reynolds numbers are quantitatively and qualitatively visualized using laser schlieren and Mach-Zehnder interferometer systems combined with a high-speed digital camera. It was found that an oscillating normal shock wave appears inside the nozzle, and that the shock wave has a specified dominant frequency. Also the time-history of the oscillating shock wave is obtained from both the systems and compared with each other.

关键词： Compressible Flow Micro Nozzle Flows Optical Flow Visualization Rainbow Schlieren Deflectometry Mach-Zehnder Interferometry Shock Wave Oscillation Flow Separation

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穆德远，探索数码影像摄影教学真谛

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DV@时代 2009年第12期 22-25页

作者： saya

数码影像时代，请您简单介绍一下北京电影学院摄影系。穆德远：摄影系是一个非常传统的系，它与电影学院同龄，建院已经近60年的历史。摄影系当初的教员组成是有一定基础的，有这么几个方面：一方面是金陵大学，金陵大学的电教系是开创... 详细信息

数码影像时代，请您简单介绍一下北京电影学院摄影系。穆德远：摄影系是一个非常传统的系，它与电影学院同龄，建院已经近60年的历史。摄影系当初的教员组成是有一定基础的，有这么几个方面：一方面是金陵大学，金陵大学的电教系是开创了中国电影教育的先河的。

关键词：摄影教学数码影像北京电影学院大学

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Perforin Expression in <i>Theileria parva</i>Specific Cytotoxic T Cells Correlates with Cytotoxicity

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Open Journal of Immunology 2014年第3期4卷 117-127页

作者： Jerome Wendoh Rebecca Waihenya Rosemary saya Elias Awino Vishvannath Nene Lucilla Steinaa International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Theileria parva is a protozoan parasite that causes the disease East Coast fever in cattle which results in major economic losses in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Efforts to generate vaccines involve measurements of cytotoxic activity since CD8 cells are believed to be responsible for protection of the animals. CTL assays are time consuming, and may require use of radioactive material and they also impose a considerable amount of in vitro work, which may skew the response compared to ex vivo assays. Hence it would be beneficial to identify other markers that correlate with the cytotoxicity. In this in vitro study we examined if the number of tetramer positive CD8 cells and the staining intensity of these correlated with lysis of the target cells. Furthermore, we investigated if the expression of the activation marker perforin correlated with the cytotoxicity. Perforin is involved in permeabilization of the cell membrane of the target cell. Bulk CTL lines and purified CD8 cell lines generated from cattle of the A18 BoLA (MHC) type were analysed for the Theileria parva specific immune responses using a peptide-MHC tetramer and antibodies for perforinin FACS analysis. Thelysis of target cells was determined by a chromium release assay. Results demonstrate that the percentage of tetramer positive cells, in six cell lines generated against the whole parasite, correlate with killing of PBMC pulsed with the peptide. The product of the percentages of perforin and tetramer double positive cells and the net MFI of perforin showed a perfect correlation with the cytotoxicity of the peptide pulsed PBMC. Likewise, the product of percentage perforin positive cells and the staining intensity had the best significant correlation with killing of the pulsed PBMC. The present results suggest that perforin could be a possible biomarker for the cytotoxicity to Theileria parva infections/immunizations.

关键词： Cytotoxic T Cells Biomarkers Perforin Theileria parva

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