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Effect of Higher Mean Arterial Pressure with Norepinephrine on Tissue Oxygenation and Perfusion in Patients of Septic Shock

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第5期3卷 407-410页

作者： Sandeep Sharma Mridula Pawar Mohandeep Kaur Nidhi Srivastava saurav mustafi Department Of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care P.G.I.M.E.R Dr Ram Manohar Hospital New Delhi.

The current survival sepsis guideline proposes the use of vasopressors and fluid resuscitation to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 65 mmHg. Titrating catecholamine infusion to achieve higher MAP has been demonstrated to improve tissue oxygenation, microcirculation, renal function and overall outcome of the patient in some studies and literature on actual hemodynamic goals is scarce. AIM: To study the influence of two MAP on tissue oxygenation and perfusion parameters in patients of septic shock on norepinephrine infusion. SUBJECT AND MATERIALS: Forty adult patients with the diagnosis of septic shock were enrolled. In all patients norepinephrine was titrated to first stabilize the MAP at 65 ± 5 mmHg (Set I), followed by MAP of 85 ± 5 mmHg (Set II). Heart rate (HR), Central venous oxygen saturation (SCVO2), Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (PtcO2) by TCM 400/TINA (using miniature Clark electrode), Arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2), PtO2/PaO2 ratio, Urine output and Serum Base deficit were recorded in each Set after 2 hrs of stabilization. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen PtcO2 (p tO2/PaO2 (p < 0.0001), ScvO2 (p < 0.0001), urine output (p < 0.006) on increasing the MAP from 65mmHg to 85mmHg. Serum base deficit also improved (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Higher MAP with norepinephrine is associated with better perfusion, oxygenation parameters in patients with established septic shock. These findings suggest that there is improvement in tissue oxygenation parameters using escalating doses of norepinephrine to achieve higher MAP without inherent adverse

关键词： Mean Arterial Pressure Norepinephrine Septic Shock Tissue Oxygenation

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Pre-breakdown to stable phase and origin of multiple current pulses in argon dielectric barrier discharge

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第12期23卷 83-94页

作者： saurav GAUTAM Gabriele MORRA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California MercedMercedCalifornia 95343United States of America Department of Physics University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisiana 70503United States of America

We report on the results of numerical models of the(i)initial growth and(ii)steady state phases of atmospheric-pressure homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge in *** employ our new inhouse code called Py DBD,which solves continuity equations for both particles and energy,shows exceptional stability,is accelerated by adaptive time stepping and is openly available to the scientific *** argon plasma is numerically challenging due to the lower speeds of more inertial ions compared to more commonly modeled neon and helium,but its common use for plasma jets in medicine makes its modeling *** DBD is here applied to modeling two setups:(i)the exponential growth from natural electron-ion seeds(onset phase)until saturation is reached and(ii)the multiple current pulses that naturally appear during the steady state *** find that the time required for the onset phase,when the plasma density grows from 10^(9)m^(-3)to 10^(17)m^(-3),varies from 80μs at 4.5 k V down to a fewμs above 6.5 k V,for voltage frequency f=80 k Hz and gap width d_(g)=0.9 *** the steady state,our model reproduces two previously observed features of the current in dielectric barrier discharge reactors:(1)an oscillatory behavior associated to the capacitative character of the circuit and(2)several(N_(p))current pulses occurring every half sinusoidal *** show that the oscillations are present during the exponential growth,while current pulses appear approaching the steady *** each micro-discharge,the gas voltage decreases abruptly and charged particles rapidly accumulate at the dielectric boundaries,causing avalanches of charged particles near the reactor ***,we run a parametric study finding that N_(p)increases linearly with voltage amplitude V_(amp),is inversely proportional to dielectric gap d_(g)and decreases when voltage frequency f *** code developed for this publication is freely available at the address https://***/gabers

关键词： plasma onset micro-discharge multiple current pulse(MCP) discharge asymmetry seed electrons

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Recent progress and perspective on batteries made from nuclear waste

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第3期34卷 1-8页

作者： Nirmal Kumar Katiyar saurav Goel School of Engineering London South Bank UniversityLondonSE10 AAUK University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun248007India

Sustainable energy sources are an immediate need to cope with the imminent issue of climate change the world is facing *** particular,the long-lasting miniatured power sources that can supply energy continually to power handheld gadgets,sensors,electronic devices,unmanned airborne vehicles in space and extreme mining are some of the examples where this is an acute *** is known from basic physics that radioactive materials decay over few years and some nuclear materials have their half-life until thousands of *** past five decades of research have been spent harnessing the decay energy of the radioactive materials to develop batteries that can last until the radioactive reaction ***,an emergent opportunity of industrial symbiosis to make use of nuclear waste by using radioactive waste as raw material to develop bat-teries with long shelf life presents a great opportunity for sustainable energy resource ***,the current canon of research on this topic is *** perspective draws fresh discussions on the topic while highlighting future directions in this wealthy arena of *** abstract A long-lasting miniaturised nuclear battery utilising 14C radioactive isotope as fuel.

关键词： Sustainable energy Nuclear waste battery Nano-diamond

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Predictive distribution modeling of Swertia bimaculata in Darjeeling-Sikkim Eastern Himalaya using MaxEnt: current and future scenarios

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 351-366页

作者： Debasruti Boral saurav Moktan Department of Botany University of Calcutta35B.C.RoadKolkataWest Bengal 700019India

Background:As global temperatures continue to rise,species distribution modeling is a suitable tool for identifying rare and endangered species most at risk of extinction,along with tracking shifting geographical ***:The present study investigates the potential distribution of Swertia bimaculata in the Darjeeling-Sikkim region of Eastern Himalaya in current and future climate scenarios of GFDL-CM3(Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory-Climate Model 3)for the year 2050 and year 2070 through MaxEnt presence data *** sets of variables were used for modeling current *** models were evaluated using AUC(area under the curve)values and TSS(true skill statistic).Results:Habitat assessment of the species shows low and sporadic distribution within the study area.A significant decrease is observed in the possible range of the species in the future climate scenario with the habitat decreasing from 869.48 to 0 km^(2).Resultant maps from the modeling process show significant upward shifting of the species range along the altitudinal ***,results should be taken with caution given the low number of occurrences used in the ***:The results thus highlight the vulnerability of the species towards extinction in the near future.

关键词： Distribution modeling Swertia bimaculata MaxEnt Eastern Himalaya

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Strength behaviour of sandstone subjected to polyaxial state of stress

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第6期27卷 889-897页

作者： Rukhaiyar saurav Samadhiya Narendra Kumar Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247667 India

The paper presents an experimental investigation on the strength behaviour of natural rock subjected to polyaxial state of stress. The polyaxial tests were conducted on cubical specimens of sandstone obtained from the Shivpuri district in Madhya Pradesh state of India, The specimens having nominal dimensions of100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm were tested using a polyaxial testing machine. Twenty-five combinations of intermediate and minor principal stresses were applied and the specimens were loaded till failure occurs. It was observed that the intermediate principal stress has a substantial effect on the strength of the Shivpuri sandstone. A database of rock strength under various combinations of σ_2 and σ_3 was obtained for the Shivpuri sandstone. The database was used to study the predictability of five most commonly used strength criterion. Root mean square error(RMSE), average absolute relative error percentage(AAREP) and coefficient of accordance(COA) were used as indices for the measure of goodness of fit. It was observed that the least error in the prediction was shown by modified Mohr Coulomb criterion followed by modified Weibols and Cook criterion. A probability analysis of the error in prediction was also done.

关键词： Polyaxial testing Sandstone Strength criterion Modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion Modified Weibols and Cook criterion

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Triaxial strength behaviour of rockmass satisfying Modified Mohr-Coulomb and Generalized Hoek-Brown criteria

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第6期28卷 901-915页

作者： saurav Rukhaiyar Narendra Kumar Samadhiya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

The triaxial strength of twenty rockmass types was predicted using two non-linear triaxial strength criteria for rockmass i.e. Modified Mohr-Coulomb(MMC) criterion and Generalized Hoek-Brown(GHB)criterion. Four different rockmass classification systems were used for the calculation of MMC criterion parameters while only GSI classification system has been used for calculation of GHB parameters. The representative value of the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of rockmass have been estimated using probabilistic approach. A hypothetical case of an unsupported tunnel has been analyzed considering both MMC and GHB criteria. The analysis was done using the convergence-confinement method with two different approaches. The first approach predicts the tunnel response using GHB criterion directly. The second approach predicts the tunnel response using equivalent Mohr-Coulomb parameters obtained by linearization of triaxial data points obtained from MMC and GHB criteria. The tunnel response has been estimated in terms of radius of plastic zone, tunnel convergence and tunnel convergence strain. For very poor rockmasses the tunnel response predicted by MMC criterion is less than that predicted by GHB criterion. For poor and fair rockmass, the tunnel response estimated considering both the criteria are comparable except for few cases. Squeezing condition in rockmass has been also evaluated.

关键词： Triaxial strength Modified Mohr-Coulomb criterion Generalised Hoek-Brown criterion Convergence-confinement method

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Weak bus-constrained PMU placement for complete observability of a connected power network considering voltage stability indices

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2020年第1期5卷 314-327页

作者： Rohit Babu saurav Raj Biplab Bhattacharyya Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lendi Institute of Engineering and TechnologyJonnadaAndhra Pradesh 535003India Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology MumbaiMarathwada CampusJalna 431203India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines)DhanbadJharkhand 826004India

Phasor measurement units(PMUs)are preferred for installation at weak buses in a power ***,the weak buses need to be located and the strategic locations of PMUs identified to ensure network ***,the primary aim of this work is to identify the placements of the maximum number of PMUs installed at the weak buses in the electrical *** voltage collapse proximity indicator,line stability index,fast voltage stability index,and a new voltage stability indicator utilizing load flow measurement are used to determine the weak buses.A novel deterministic methodology based on a binary-integer linear programming model is then proposed to determine the optimal locations of *** effect of a single PMU outage considering the weak buses is also *** effectiveness of the developed approach is tested and validated on the standard IEEE 14-,118-,300-,and New England 39-bus *** obtained results are also compared to those using different weak bus methodologies.

关键词： Binary integer linear programming Optimal PMU placement Observability Phasor measurement unit Voltage stability indices

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Universal converse flexoelectricity in dielectric materials via varying electric field direction

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2021年第1期12卷 107-128页

作者： saurav Sharma Rajeev Kumar Rahul Vaish School of Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MandiMandiIndia

Flexoelectricity is a symmetry independent electromechanical cou-pling phenomenon that outperforms piezoelectricity at micro and nanoscales due to its size-dependent behavior arising from gradi-ent terms in its constitutive ***,due to this gradient term flexoelectricity,to exhibit itself,requires specially designed geometry or material composition of the dielectric *** of its kind,the present study put forward a novel strategy of achieving electric field gradient and thereby converse flexoelectri-city,independent of geometry and material composition of the *** spatial variation of the electric field is established inside the dielectric material,Ba_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)TiO_(3)(BST),by manipulating electrical boundary *** unique patterns of electrode placement are suggested to achieve this spatial *** varying direction of electric field gives rise to electric field gradient,the prerequisite of converse flexoelectricity.A multi-physics cou-pling based theoretical framework is established to solve the flexo-electric actuation by employing isogeometric analysis(IGA).Electromechanically coupled equations of flexoelectricity are solved to obtain the electric field distribution and the resulting displace-ments *** maximum displacements of 0.2 nm and 2.36 nm are obtained with patterns I and II,respectively,while pattern III can yield up to 85 nm of maximum displacement.

关键词： Converse flexoelectricity electrical boundary conditions electric field direction isogeometric analysis

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Biosorption of Cr(Ⅳ),Cr(Ⅲ),Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) from Aqueous Solutions by Sargassum wightii and Caulerpa racemosa Algal Biomass

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第1期11卷 52-58页

作者： Narayanaswamyb Tamilselvan Kumar saurav Krishnan Kannabiran Biomolecules and Genetics Division School of Biosciences and TechnologyVIT UniversityVellore-632014TamilNaduIndia

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental problems *** is an innovative tech-nology that employs biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from waste water through metabolic process or physicochemi-cal pathways of *** though several physical and chemical methods are available for removal of heavy metals,currently many biological materials such as bacteria,algae,yeasts and fungi have been widely used due to their good performance,low cost and large quantity of *** aim of the present study is to explore the biosorption of toxic heavy metals,Cr（VI）,Cr（III）,Pb（II） and Cd（II） by algal biomass obtained from algae Sargassum wightii（brown） and Caulerpa racemosa（green）.Biosorption of algal biomass was found to be biomass concentration-and pH-dependent,while the maximal biosorption was found at pH 5.0 and with the metal concentration of 100 mg *** showed the maximal metal biosorption at the biomass concentration of 25 g L-1,followed by *** with the maximal biosorption at 30 g *** showed 78% biosorption of Cr（VI）,Cr（III）,Pb（II） and Cd（II） *** exhibited 85% biosorption of Cd（II） and Cr（VI）,and 50% biosorption of Cr（III） and Pb（II）.The results of our study suggest that seaweed biomass can be used efficiently for

关键词： heavy metals biosorption brown algae green algae bioaccumulation sea weeds

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Towards integrated oncogenic marker recognition through mutual information-based statist!cally significant feature extraction： an association rule mining based study on cancer expression and methylation profiles

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2017年第4期5卷 302-327页

作者： saurav Mallik Zhongming Zhao Computer Science & Engineering Aliah University Newtown Newtown 700156 India Center for Precision Health School of Biomedical Informatics The University Of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX 77030 USA

Background： Marker detection is an important task in complex disease studies. Here we provide an association rule mining （ARM） based approach for identifying integrated markers through mutual information （MI） based statistically significant feature extraction, and apply it to acute myeloid leukemia （AML） and prostate carcinoma （PC） gene expression and methylation profiles. Methods： We first collect the genes having both expression and methylation values in AML as well as PC. Next, we run Jarque-Bera normality test on the expression/methylation data to divide the whole dataset into two parts： one that follows normal distribution and the other that does not follow normal distribution. Thus, we have now four parts of the dataset： normally distributed expression data, normally distributed methylation data, non-normally distributed expression data, and non-normally distributed methylated data. A feature-extraction technique, ＂mRMR＂ is then utilized on each part. This results in a list of top-ranked genes. Next, we apply Welch t-test （parametric test） and Shrink t-test （non-parametric test） on the expression/methylation data for the top selected normally distributed genes and non-normally distributed genes, respectively. We then use a recent weighted ARM method, ＂RANWAR＂ to combine all/specific resultant genes to generate top oncogenic rules along with respective integrated markers. Finally, we perform literature search as well as KEGG pathway and Gene-Ontology （GO） analyses using Enrichr database for in silico validation of the prioritized oncogenes as the markers and labeling the markers as existing or novel. Results： The novel markers of AML are {ABCB11↑ U KRT17↓} （i.e., ABCBll as up-regulated, ＆ KRT17 as down- regulated）, and {AP1SI-UKRT17↓ U NEIL2-UDYDC1↓}）（i.e., AP1S1 and NEIL2 both as hypo-methylated, ＆ KRT17 and DYDC1 both as down-regulated）. The novel marker of PC is {UBIAD1 ｜｜U APBA2 U C4orf31：（i.e., UBIAD1 as up-regulated and hypo-methylated, ＆ APBA2 and C4or

关键词： integrated markers feature extraction statistical test rule mining

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