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Palaeobotanical and biomarker evidence for Early Permian(Artinskian) wildfire in the Rajmahal Basin, India

Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第1期10卷 55-75页

作者： Srikanta Murthy Vinod Atmaram Mendhe Dieter Uhl Runcie Paul Mathews Vivek Kumar Mishra saurabh gautam Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences 53University RoadLucknow 226007India CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research Dhanbad 826015JharkhandIndia Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany

This study provides a combined analysis on the palynology, fossil charcoal and biomarkers of the subsurface coal deposits from a borehole RMB #2 drilled at the Dhulia Coal Block, Rajmahal Basin, India, in attempts to establish the chronology of sedimentation and to propose palaeobotanical as well as geochemical evidence for the occurrence of wildfires in these sediments. The palynological investigation suggests a Scheuringipollenites barakarensis palynoassemblage from the lower Barakar Formation, dated as Artinskian(Early Permian) in age. This assemblage reveals the dominance of Glossopteridales and sub-dominance of taxa belonging to Cordaitales and *** charcoal in sediments is usually recognized as a direct indicator for the occurrence of palaeo-wildfires. More data involving the anatomical features of fossil charcoal analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscope broaden our knowledge on Early Permian wildfires from the peninsula of India. The studied macroscopic charcoal fragments exhibit anatomical details such as homogenized cell walls, uniseriate simple and biseriate alternate pitting on tracheid walls and rays of varying heights pointing to a gymnospermous wood affinitity. The excellent preservation of charcoal fragments, shown by their large sizes and almost unabraded edges, suggests a parautochthonous origin. The embedded biomarker study performed for charcoal sediments and its characterization demonstrate the presence of n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpenoids and aromatic compounds. A bimodal distribution pattern of n-alkanes with a Cmaxat n-C25 is identified. Diterpenoids and pentacyclic terpenoids are identified, indicating the input of an early conifer vegetation and bacterial activity, respectively. The identified polyaromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) compounds, together with the charcoal fragments, clearly suggest that repeated wildfire events occurred during the deposition of these Artinskian sediments in the Rajmahal Basin.

关键词： Palaeo-wildfire Palynology Fossil charcoal Biomarker Barakar Formation Rajmahal Basin

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Effect of using borax decahydrate as nanoparticles additive in blends of spirulina biodiesel/diesel on combustion characteristics and knock intensity

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Clean Energy 2024年第3期8卷 62-78页

作者： Ajay Partap Singh Puneet Singh gautam Mechanical Engineering Department IIMT University Meerut250001 Uttar PradeshIndia

In this extensive investigation,the impact of borax decahydrate as a fuel additive in a diesel single-cylinder engine was rigorously *** decahydrate was introduced at concentrations of 5,15,25 and 35 g in 500 ml of biodiesel,forming five unique fuel mixtures with conventional diesel:90%diesel+10%spirulina biodiesel(SB10),SB10+1 g borax decahydrate(SB10B1),SB10+3 g borax decahydrate(SB10B3),SB10+5 g borax decahydrate(SB10B5)and SB10+7 g borax decahydrate(SB10B7).The investigation encompassed four diverse loading conditions and yielded insightful ***,at full load,SB10B3 exhibited a higher cylinder peak pressure than diesel,reaching 69.25 *** release rate profiles demonstrated superior efficiency for SB10 at 50%load,with a cumulative heat release rate of 950 J/°CA,which is lower than the 1050 J/°CA of *** intensity(KI)evaluations revealed that,although SB10 and SB10B1 exhibited higher KI than diesel at full load due to elevated peak pressure,SB10B7 showed no knocking across all loads,indicative of reduced in-cylinder *** meticulous numerical analysis emphasizes the potential of borax decahydrate as a catalyst and enhancer,providing valuable insights into the combustion dynamics of these alternative fuel blends and their viability for sustainable and efficient engine *** summary,out of all the blends,SB10B3 could be a potential diesel fuel replacement fuel for compression-ignition engines.

关键词： spirulina biodiesel borax decahydrate diesel engine combustion knock intensity HRR in-cylinder pressure

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Functional cure of chronic hepatitis B-hope or hype?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第9期16卷 1199-1205页

作者： gautam Ray Gastroenterology Unit Department of MedicineB.R.Singh HospitalKolkata 700014West BengalIndia

Chronic hepatitis B constitutes a substantial disease burden *** steps advocated by the World Health Organization in 2016 to eradicate hepatitis B by 2030 has failed to achieve significant progress,especially with respect to immu-nization coverage and linkage to *** lack of governmental and public awar-eness regarding the long-term implications of hepatitis B burden cause under-funding of developmental *** presently approved treatment modalities have limited efficacy in complete viral eradication,hence the need for newer molecules to achieve functional cure(sustained undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral blood after a finite period of therapy).However,preliminary results from trials of novel therapies show their inadequacy to achieve this end by themselves but better performance with a low baseline serum HBsAg with nucleos(t)ide analogues(NA)treatment which need to be combined with/without pegylated interferon as an *** therapy is limited by cost and adverse events and need to show incremental benefit over the standard of care(long-term NA therapy)with respect to efficacy and drug toxicities,making the development process ***,while such therapies continue to be tested,strategies should still focus on prevention of transmission by non-pharmaceutical measures,vaccination and increasing linkage to care.

关键词： Hepatitis B Drugs Clinical trial Therapy Novel therapies Functional cure

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IDS-INT:Intrusion detection system using transformer-based transfer learning for imbalanced network traffic

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 190-204页

作者： Farhan Ullah Shamsher Ullah gautam Srivastava Jerry Chun-Wei Lin School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXian710072ShaanxiChina Knowledge Unit of Systems and Technology University of Management and TechnologySialkot 51040Pakistan Department of Math and Computer Science Brandon UniversityBrandonMB R7A 6A9Canada Department of Computer Science and Math Lebanese American UniversityBeirut1102Lebanon Western Norway University of Applied Sciences BergenNorway Research Centre for Interneural Computing China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina

A network intrusion detection system is critical for cyber security against llegitimate *** terms of feature perspectives,network traffic may include a variety of elements such as attack reference,attack type,a subcategory of attack,host information,malicious scripts,*** terms of network perspectives,network traffic may contain an imbalanced number of harmful attacks when compared to normal *** is challenging to identify a specific attack due to complex features and data imbalance *** address these issues,this paper proposes an Intrusion Detection System using transformer-based transfer learning for Imbalanced Network Traffic(IDS-INT).IDS-INT uses transformer-based transfer learning to learn feature interactions in both network feature representation and imbalanced ***,detailed information about each type of attack is gathered from network interaction descriptions,which include network nodes,attack type,reference,host information,***,the transformer-based transfer learning approach is developed to learn detailed feature representation using their semantic ***,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)is implemented to balance abnormal traffic and detect minority ***,the Convolution Neural Network(CNN)model is designed to extract deep features from the balanced network ***,the hybrid approach of the CNN-Long Short-Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)model is developed to detect different types of attacks from the deep *** experiments are conducted to test the proposed approach using three standard datasets,i.e.,UNsWNB15,CIC-IDS2017,and *** explainable AI approach is implemented to interpret the proposed method and develop a trustable model.

关键词： Network intrusion detection Transfer learning Features extraction Imbalance data Explainable AI Cybersecurity

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Characterization and Propagation of Historical and Projected Droughts in the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon, USA

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 247-262,I0020-I0028页

作者： Sudip gautam Alok SAMANTARAY Meghna BABBAR-SEBENS Meenu RAMADAS School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Infrastructure Indian Institute of TechnologyBhubaneswarOdisha 752050India

Climate change is expected to have long-term impacts on drought and wildfire risks in Oregon as summers continue to become warmer and drier. This paper investigates the projected changes in drought characteristics and drought propagation in the Umatilla River Basin in northeastern Oregon for mid-century(2030–2059) and late-century(2070–2099) climate scenarios. Drought characteristics for projected climates were determined using downscaled CMIP5 climate datasets from ten climate models and Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate effects on hydrologic processes. Short-term(three months) drought characteristics(frequency, duration, and severity) were analyzed using four drought indices, including the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI-3), Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI-3), Standardized Streamflow Index(SSI-3), and the Standardized Soil Moisture Index(SSMI-3). Results indicate that short-term meteorological droughts are projected to become more prevalent, with up to a 20% increase in the frequency of SPI-3drought events. Short-term hydrological droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 11% in frequency of SSI-3 drought events), more severe, and longer in duration(average increase of 8% for short-term droughts).Similarly, short-term agricultural droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 28% in frequency of SSMI-3 drought events) but slightly shorter in duration(average decrease of 4%) in the future. Historically, drought propagation time from meteorological to hydrological drought is shorter than from meteorological to agricultural drought in most sub-basins. For the projected climate scenarios, the decrease in drought propagation time will likely stress the timing and capacity of water supply in the basin for irrigation and other uses.

关键词： Umatilla drought SPI SPEI SSI SSMI

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Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Deployment for Cognitive Radio Networks for Internet of Things 5G Wireless Communication

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 698-720页

作者： Thulasiraman Balachander Kadiyala Ramana Rasineni Madana Mohana gautam Srivastava Thippa Reddy Gadekallu SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu 603203India Lebanese American University Beirut 1102Lebanonand also with Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of TechnologyHyderabad 500075India Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology Hyderabad 500075India Brandon University BrandonR7A 0A1CanadaChinaMedical UniversityTaichung 404327Chinaand Lebanese American UniversityBeirut 1102Lebanon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American UniversityBeirut 1102Lebanon

Recently,Cooperative Spectrum Sensing(CSS)for Cognitive Radio Networks(CRN)plays a significant role in efficient 5G wireless *** sensing is a significant technology in CRN to identify underutilized *** CSS technique is highly applicable due to its fast and efficient performance.5G wireless communication is widely employed for the continuous development of efficient and accurate Internet of Things(IoT)networks.5G wireless communication will potentially lead the way for next generation IoT *** has established significant consideration as a feasible resource to improve identification performance by developing spatial diversity in receiving signal strength in *** this paper,an optimal CSS for CRN is performed using Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(OQAM/UFMC/NOMA)*** of spectrum and bandwidth utilization is a key challenge in CRN for IoT 5G wireless *** optimal solution for CRN in IoT-based 5G communication should be able to provide optimal bandwidth and CSS,low latency,Signal Noise Ratio(SNR)improvement,maximum capacity,offset synchronization,and Peak Average Power Ratio(PAPR)*** Energy Efficient All-Pass Filter(EEAPF)algorithm is used to eliminate *** deployment approach improves Quality of Service(QoS)in terms of system reliability,throughput,and energy *** in-depth experimental results show that the proposed methodology provides an optimal solution when directly compares against current existing methodologies.

关键词： cooperative spectrum sensing cognitive radio network Internet of Things offset quadratureamplitude modulation universal filtered multi-carrier non-orthogonal multiple access

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Critical Review on Balanites aegyptiaca Delile:Phytoconstituents,Pharmacological Properties and Nanointerventions

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第7期30卷 653-663页

作者： Surendra Kumar gautam Rakesh Kumar Paul Devesh M.Sawant Amita Sarwal Kaisar Raza Department of Pharmacy School of Chemical Sciences and PharmacyCentral University of RajasthanBandarsindriAjmerRajasthan305817India University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Panjab UniversityChandigarh160014India

Balanites aegyptiaca Delile(BA)is an enduring xerophytic woody and spinous flowering tree and is commonly known as desert date or Ingudi(Hingot).It belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae,which is specific to be drought areas of Nigeria,Africa,South Asia and India(Rajasthan).In Ayurveda,this traditional medicinal plant is reported for the management of jaundice,syphilis,yellow fever,metabolic disorders,liver,and spleen *** main aim of the review is to compile its medicinal uses and further advancements to showcase the promises inherited in various parts of the plant for the benefit of *** per the literature survey,various researchers have focused on the detailed investigation of BA including the phytopharmacological evidence,chemical constituents,nano-formulations,commercialized products,and clinical *** remarkable scaffolds and isolated compounds like diosgenin,yamogenin,balanitin1/2,balanitin 3,bal4/5,bal6/7,rutin-3-glycosides,3,7-diglycosides,(3,12,14,16)–(12-hydroxycholest-5-ene-3,16-diyl-bis)-D-glucopyranoside and balanitoside have been ***,this traditional plant has been scientifically proven by in vitro and in *** on the complete review of this plant,most of the compounds have been isolated from the fruit and kernel ***,based on the literature,a histogram was developed for pharmacological activity in which antidiabetic study was found to be more compared to other pharmacological *** a spinous desert dates,this plant needs to be explored more to bring out newer phytochemicals in the management of various diseases.

关键词： Delile desert date phytochemicals nano-phytopharmaceutical pharmacological activities traditional medicine

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Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Surface Quality of Wood from Bosnia and Herzegovina Exposed to Outdoor Conditions

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第8期12卷 1417-1431页

作者： Redžo Hasanagić UmejrŠljivo Leila Fathi Pallavi gautam Mohsen Bahmani Miha Humar Department of Wood Science and Technology Faculty of Technical EngineeringUniversity of BihaćBihać77000Bosnia and Herzegovina Department of Wood and Furniture Industry Engineering Faculty of Resources and Earth ScienceShahrekord UniversityShahrekord64165478Iran Department of Botany Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh221005India Biotechnical Faculty Department of Wood ScienceUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana1501Slovenia

This study investigated the mechanical properties of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and fir(Abies alba)wood from Bosnia and Herzegovina under outdoor *** were exposed for 3-month exposure to assess bending strength,color changes,and surface *** showed outdoor exposure negatively affected mechanical properties,particularly in samples with extended finger joints,causing significant surface cracks in uncoated *** wood exhibited notable color changes under exposure,with approximately 50%darkening without coating compared to 25%under covered *** samples displayed minimal color changes,affirming the efficacy of surface *** wood exhibited a roughness of 8.264μm,while beechwood average roughness increased from 6.767 to 13.916μm after exposure,with micro-pore development affecting water *** analysis identified prevalent fungal colonies,including Penicillium,Aureobasidium,Sclerophoma,and Chaetomium,underscoring their role in organic matter *** study highlights the importance of wood exposure and treatment selection for various applications.

关键词： Mechanical properties outdoor conditions cracks wood species

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Modeling measles transmission in adults and children:Implications to vaccination for eradication

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1007-1026页

作者： Anjana Pokharel Khagendra Adhikari Ramesh gautam Kedar Nath Uprety Naveen K.Vaidya Padma Kanya Multiple Campus Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Mathematical Biology Research Center KathmanduNepal Amrit Campus Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Central Department of Mathematics Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Computational Science Research Center San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Viral Information Institute San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA

Despite the availability of successful vaccines,measles outbreaks have occurred frequently in recent years,presumably due to the lack of proper vaccination ***,measles cases in adult groups,albeit small in number,indicate that the previously neglected adult group may need to be brought into vaccine coverage to achieve WHO's goal of measles eradication from the *** this study,we develop a novel transmission dynamics model to describe measles cases in adults and children to evaluate the role of adult infection in persistent measles cases and vaccination programs for *** of our model,validated by measles cases from outbreaks in Nepal,provides the vaccination reproduction number(conditions for measles eradication or persistence)and the role of contact network *** results highlight that while children are primary targets for measles outbreaks,a small number of infections in adults may act as a reservoir for measles,causing obstacles to ***,our model analysis shows that while impactful controls can be achieved by children-focused vaccines,a combined adult-child vaccination program may help assert eradication of the disease.

关键词： Measles eradication Measles reservoir Adult-child vaccination Adults and children groups Nepal

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Evolution of tectonic landscapes and deformation in the southeast Kumaun and western Nepal Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2592-2617页

作者： Khayingshing LUIREI Girish Ch.KOTHYARI Param K gautam Ambar SOLANKI Atul Kumar PATIDAR Sentisenla JAMIR Anirudh DATTA Tanupriya CHOUDHURY Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Dehradun 248001India Department of Petroleum Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun248007India Department of Geology Nagaland UniversityKohima 797004India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002India CSE Department Graphic Era deemed to be UniversityDehradun 248002India CSE Department Symbiosis Institute of TechnologySymbiosis International(Deemed University)Pune 412114India

The area of the present investigation’s expanse constitutes the southernmost extent of the southeast Kumaun Himalaya and western Nepal *** approaches have been employed to understand the landforms associated with tectonic deformation,through detailed field investigation supplemented by the geodetic,chronological,and morphometric *** morphogenic expressions of the Main Boundary Thrust(MBT)are reflected in the form of~25 km long E-W trending north dipping fault *** deformation along the strike length of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust(HFT)is noticed in the form of uplifted and incised fill terraces,and strath *** deformation within the fluvial sequences in the study area can be visualized in the form of sheared boulders and pebbles,tilted and faulted terrace ***,the chronological data of fluvial landforms in the study area suggests two major phases of tectonic deformations that have occurred around 58.7±10.8 ka and 3.88±0.4 *** chronology of late-Quaternary landforms advocates that the initial stage of aggradations in the Himalayan foothills commenced around 75.1±0.58 *** aggradational landforms resulted from the diverse depositional regime as evident from the nature of the sediment sequences from clasts dominated to thick mud *** rate of deformation in the southeastern Kumaun and western Nepal Himalaya is±7 mm/yr,as per the data obtained from the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(PSInSAR).The landform deformation pattern,phase of incision and aggradation,frequent occurrence of landslides,and recent past earthquake activity within the wide zone of the HFT,the MBT,and Ramgarh Thrust suggests that the southernmost front of the Kumaun Himalaya is active and has potential for future *** foothill zone of Himalayan towns are actively growing in terms of population and infrastructural ***,such intradisciplinary studies for tectonically active r

关键词： MBT HFT Fault trace Quaternary deposits sheared boulders

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