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Litter production and leaf nutrient concentration and remobilization in response to climate seasonality in the central Amazon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 131-141页

作者： Ricardo Antonio Marenco saul Alfredo Antezana-Vera Daniela Pereira Dias Luiz Antonio Candido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia Coordenagao de Uso da Terra e Mudanca ClimaticaAv.Andre Araujo 2936ManausAM69067-375Brazil Programa de pos-Graduagao em Agricultura no Tropico Umido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia-INPAManausAMBrazil Unidade Academica de Ciencias Agrarias Universidade Federal de JataiBR 364km 195JataiGO 75801-615Brazil

Litterfall is the largest source of nutrients to for-est soils of tropical rainforests.However,variability in lit-terfall production,nutrient remobilization,and changes in leaf nutrient concentration with climate seasonality remain largely unknown for the central Amazon.This study meas-ured litterfall production,leaf nutrient remobilization,and leaf area index on a forest plateau in the central Amazon.Litterfall was measured at monthly intervals during 2014,while nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and mag-nesium concentrations of leaf litter and canopy leaves were measured in the dry and rainy seasons,and remobilization rates determined.Leaf area index was also recorded in the dry and rainy seasons.Monthly litterfall varied from 33.2(in the rainy season)to 87.6 g m^(-2) in the dry season,while leaf area index increased slightly in the rainy season.Climatic seasonality had no effect on concentrations of nitrogen,calcium,and magnesium,whereas phosphorous and potassium responded to rainfall seasonality oppositely.While phosphorous increased,potassium decreased during the dry season.Over seasons,nitrogen,potassium,and phosphorous decreased in leaf litter;calcium increased in leaf litter,while magnesium remained unaffected with leaf aging.Regardless,the five nutrients had similar remobilization rates over the year.The absence of climate seasonality on nutrient remobilization suggests that the current length of the dry season does not alter nutrient remobilization rates but this may change as dry periods become more prolonged in the future due to climate change.

关键词： Throughfall Nutrient cycling Climatic seasonality Leaf mass per area

Refinement of the Proposed Gamma-Ray Burst Time Delay Model

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期14卷 120-147页

作者： Godson Fortune Abbey Joseph Simfukwe Prospery Christopher Simpemba saul Paul Phiri Alok Srivastava Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya Department of Physic School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences The Copperbelt University Kitwe Republic of Zambia Fundamental Theoretical and Research Group Department of Applied Physics Faculty of Applied Sciences National University of Science & Technology Bulawayo Republic of Zimbabwe

This paper is the second instalment in our study of the observed time delay in the arrival times of radio photons emanating from Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). The mundane assumption in contemporary physics as to the cause of these pondersome time delays is that they are a result of the photon being endowed with a non-zero mass. While we do not rule out the possibility of a non-zero mass for the photon, our working assumption is that the major cause of these time delays may very well be that these photons are travelling in a rarefied cosmic plasma in which the medium’s electrons interact with the electric component of the Photon, thus generating tiny currents that lead to dispersion, hence, a frequency-dependent speed of Light (FDSL). In the present instalment, we “improve” on the model presented in the first instalment by dropping the assumption that the resultant pairs of these radio photons leave the shock front simultaneously. The new assumption of a non-simultaneous— albeit systematic—emission of these photon pairs allows us to obtain a much more convincing and stronger correlation in the time delay. This new correlation allows us to build a unified model for the four GRBs in our sample using a relative distance correction mechanism. The new unified model allows us to obtain as our most significant result a value for the frequency equivalence of the interstellar medium (ISM)’s conductance ν* ~ 1.500 ± 0.009 Hzand also an independent distance measure to the GRBs where we obtain for our four GRB samples an average distance of: ~69.40 ± 0.10, 40.00 ± 0.00, 58.40 ± 0.40, and 86.00 ± 1.00 Mpc, for GRB 030329, 980425, 000418 and 021004 respectively.

关键词： Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) Photon Mass Plasma Time Delay Fireball Model

Coexistent alcohol-related cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis have a comparable phenotype to either disease alone:A comparative retrospective analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第3期15卷 431-440页

作者： Michael Lu Yujie Sun Robert Feldman Melissa saul Andrew Althouse Gavin Arteel Dhiraj Yadav Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States Department of Medicine Center for Research on Health Care DataPittsburghPA 15213United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States

BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is a prevalent disease in the United States.It is a well-demonstrated cause of recurrent and long-standing liver and pancreatic injury which can lead to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC)and chronic pancreatitis(ACP).ALC and ACP are associated with significant healthcare utilization,cost burden,and mortality.The prevalence of coexistent disease(CD)ranges widely in the literature and the intersection between ALC and ACP is inconsistently charac-terized.As such,the clinical profile of coexistent ALC and ACP remains poorly understood.We hypothesized that patients with CD have a worse phenotype when compared to single organ disease.AIM To compare the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with CD from those with ALC or ACP Only.METHODS In this retrospective comparative analysis,we reviewed international classi-fication of disease 9/10 codes and electronic health records of adult patients with verified ALC Only(n=135),ACP Only(n=87),and CD(n=133)who received care at UPMC Presbyterian-Shadyside Hospital.ALC was defined by histology,imaging or clinical evidence of cirrhosis or hepatic decompensation.ACP was defined by imaging findings of pancreatic calcifications,moderate-severe pancreatic duct dilatation,irregularity or atrophy.We compared demographics,pertinent clinical variables,healthcare utilization,and mortality for patients with CD with those who had single organ disease.RESULTS Compared to CD or ACP Only,patients with ALC Only were more likely to be older,Caucasian,have higher body mass index,and Hepatitis B or C infection.CD patients(vs ALC Only)were less likely to have imaging evidence of cirrhosis and portal hypertension despite possessing similar MELD-Na and Child C scores at the most recent contact.CD patients(vs ACP Only)were less likely to have acute or recurrent acute pancreatitis,diabetes mellitus,insulin use,oral pancreatic enzyme therapy,and need for endoscopic therapy or pancreatic surgery.The number of hospitalizations in patients with CD were similar to ACP Only

关键词： Alcohol Cirrhosis Chronic pancreatitis Overlap Phenotype

The WHO 2021 thymoma classification:a work in progress

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 538-552页

作者： saul Suster Department of Pathology Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA

The updated,recently published 2021 WHO classification of thymic tumors incorporates the most recent advances in the field of thymic pathology,with particular emphasis on primary thymic epithelial neoplasms.This new edition retains the basic format of previous editions for the classification of primary thymic epithelial neoplasms reaffirming the schema originally proposed in the first edition,which utilized a combination of letters and numbers for the designation of these tumors.Only minimal changes have been incorporated in the new edition compared with the previous ones.A new helpful feature is a summary in each chapter of recommendations for“essential”and“desirable”criteria to facilitate the diagnosis.A few issues in this classification,however,still require clarification.In this review,the changes and advances in the classification of thymoma presented in the latest WHO book on Thoracic Tumors will be reviewed along with some of the areas that may still benefit from the additional investigation.

关键词： Thymoma WHO classification thymic epithelial neoplasms atypical thymoma

Sap flow rates of Minquartia guianensis in central Amazonia during the prolonged dry season of 2015–2016

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2067-2076页

作者： saul A.Antezana-Vera Ricardo A.Marenco Botany Graduate Program Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPAAvenida AndréAraújo2936ManausAM 69067-375Brazil Tree Ecophysiology LaboratoryInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPAAvenida AndréAraújo2936ManausAM 69067-375Brazil

Minquartia guianensis Aubl.is a slow-growing species with several uses.In the juvenile state,it is well-adapted to low light conditions of the forest understory.However,it is still unknown how climate variability affects transpiration of this species,particularly under drought stress.In this study,we aimed to assess the effect of climatic variability on sap flow rates(SFR).SFR and radial growth were measured in six trees(14-50 cm diameter)in 2015 and 2016.Climate(precipitation,irradiance,relative humidity and temperature)and soil water content(SWC)data were also collected.SFR tended to increase in the dry season,with a negative relationship between SFR and SWC and precipitation(p<0.001),while there was a positive association between radial growth and monthly precipitation(p=0.004).Irradiance and temperature were the environmental factors more closely correlated with SFR during daytime(p<0.001),whereas relative humidity and vapor pressure deficit were the most important factors at night(p<0.001).Although negative SFR were sometimes recorded at night,the mean nocturnal sap flow was positive and across trees the nighttime sap flow accounted for 12.5%of the total daily sap flow.Increased transpiration during the dry season suggests that the root system of Minquartia was able to extract water from deep soil layers.These results widen our understanding of the ecophysiology of Amazonian trees under drought and provide further insight into the potential effect of the forecasted decline in precipitation in the Amazon region.

关键词： Reverse sap flow Soil water content Transpiration Tree growth

Septic Arthritis and Multifocal Osteomyelitis Caused by Capnocytophaga Canimorsus: A Case Report

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2023年第3期3卷 136-139页

作者： saul Levy-Blitchtein Paula Salmeron Dolores Rodriguez-Pardo Pablo Corona Carles Amat Mayli Lung-Suarez Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain Department of Infectious Diseases Vall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain Orthopaedic Surgery Department Vall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain

Microbiological diagnosis of chronic osteoarticular infections remains a major challenge,particularly when the clinical presentation is atypical and the pathogen is uncommon.In this unique case,Capnocytophaga canimorsus,a microorganism belonging to the oral microbiota of some domestic animals,caused septic arthritis and multifocal osteomyelitis in the long bone of a 43-year-old immunocompetent man.The patient was treated with two-stage surgery and local and systemic antibiotic therapy,and had a successful recovery.C.canimorsus should be considered as a possible etiological agent in patients with osteoarticular pathology and a history of exposure to domestic animals.

关键词： Capnocytophaga Case report Osteomyelitis Septic arthritis Osteoarticular infection

Genetic characteristics and molecular diagnostics of bone tumors

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2021年第1期7卷 111-132页

作者： David Suster saul Suster Department of Pathology Rutgers UniversityNew Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ 07103USA Department of Pathology Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA

The diagnosis of primary tumors of bone relies heavily on clinicopathological and radiological correlation and is often best performed in a multidisciplinary setting.Bone tumors comprise a heterogenous category of human lesions ranging from benign to malignant neoplasms.These tumors affect a wide age range and can become problematic for diagnosis when less common entities are encountered.Traditionally the pathological diagnosis of many bone tumors has been based primarily on the evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained glass slides,sometimes combined with ancillary diagnostic techniques such as immunohistochemistry,conventional cytogenetics,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and polymerase chain reaction-based assays.More recently,the advent of massively parallel sequencing-based techniques has opened new avenues for diagnostic testing in bone tumors;however,these new testing modalities are sensitive to traditional decalcification procedures that are commonly used in the routine processing of bony specimens.Herein we provide a focused review concentrating on the molecular genetic features of bone tumors with specific,recurrent genetic alterations that make them appealing targets for directed ancillary testing by conventional or molecular techniques.In addition,specimen handling with regards to decalcification procedures are discussed and the different types of testing modalities available are reviewed.

关键词： Molecular pathology next generation sequencing bone tumors sarcoma decalcification

Zika virus is arriving at the American continent

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第10期9卷 997-999页

作者： saul Levy-Blitchtein Juana del Valle-Mendoza Medicine School Health Sciences FacultyUniversidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) Research Center and Innovation of the Health Sciences Faculty Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN)

Zika virus is the last arbovirosis arriving at the American continent and it is able to produce severe complications due to its neurotropism, such as microcephaly and it is also associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS). Presence of Aedes aegypti in many regions of Peru makes it easier to spread and it could be present in population, not being detected because there is a lack of rapid diagnosis methods. It is important to make a quick, effective and combined response to this new threat.

关键词： Zika virus Arbovirosis Dengue virus Chikungunya Aedes aegypti

Adding sweet sorghum juice into current dry-grind ethanol process for improving ethanol yields and water efficiency

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第2期8卷 97-103页

作者： Nana B Appiah-Nkansah Kaelin saul William L Rooney Donghai Wang IGERT Trainee in Biorefining Kansas State UniversityManhattan KS 66506USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Sweet sorghum is a promising energy crop due to its low fertilizer and water requirements,short growth period,and high biomass yield.However,the challenge for sweet sorghum as a feedstock for ethanol production is its short harvest period and the extreme instability of its juice,both of which make achieving a year-round production process difficult.One way to solve this challenge and to meet the growing demand of bio-renewable ethanol is to incorporate sweet sorghum juice into the current dry-grind ethanol process.In the dry-grind process,the whole grain kernel is milled and fermented to produce ethanol.In this study,sweet sorghum juice with varying grain sorghum flour contents was liquefied,saccharified,fermented,and distilled to produce ethanol.Ethanol yield from sweet sorghum juice with the optimum grain sorghum flour loading was about 28% higher than that from the conventional ethanol process.Enzymatic hydrolysis with this process could be reduced by 30 min.The fermentation performance of sweet sorghum juice with grain flour using a raw starch hydrolyzing enzyme was also investigated,and ethanol yield was about 21% higher than that from the conventional process.This innovative technology enabling ethanol production from sweet sorghum juice could improve ethanol yield,save energy,and significantly decrease water use in the current dry-grind ethanol process.

关键词： sweet sorghum biomass ethanol yield hydrolyzing time conversion efficiency