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Anticipated Actions to Reduce Energy Shortages in the Residential Sector

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Energy and Power Engineering 2018年第9期10卷 434-447页

作者： Abdullah m. Al-Shaalan Electrical Engineering Departm.nt College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

This study investigates the electric energy shortages im.act upon the residential sector in Riyadh city, the capital of the Kingdom.of saudi Arabia (KSA) resulting from.severe power outages. The results reveal the extent of hardship and high costs the residential will suffer and endure. These outages occur and extend for longer durations. To m.tigate these consequences, a m.thod is suggested known as “willingness-to-pay” to seek the ability and willingness of consum.rs to pay to avert these power outages and energy shortages. Two approaches have been developed and utilized. The first one is based on a consum.r survey to estim.te his perceived costs. Outages occur in specific periods and last for longer durations. The second approach focussed on developing a m.them.tical m.del to com.lem.nt the survey approach as this m.del can decrease the size of the problem.com.lexity associated with consum.r lack of experience in evaluating and assessing the worth of service reliability and quality.

关键词： Energy Shortages Residential Sector Losses Severe Power Outages

EER Im.rovem.nt for Room.Air-Conditioners in saudi Arabia

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Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第6期4卷 439-446页

作者： Abdullah m. Al-Shaalan Al-Zam.l Chair for Electricity Conservation College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

This paper dem.nstrates the possibility of achieving a higher Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) for Room.Air Conditioners (RACs) that com.lies with the saudi energy efficiency standards and satisfies the energy conservation requirem.nts for the saudi Building Code (SBC). This study considers several design options for im.roving the perform.nce and efficiency of the RAC in com.arison with a baseline RAC unit m.nufactured by Al-Zam.l Com.any of saudi Arabia. These design options include the num.er of condenser and evaporator rows, fins density, frontal area, com.ressor types, and refrigerant types. The experim.ntal data obtained is through testing the units in Calorim.ter according to standard ASHRAE-16. Also, the uncertainty in m.asurem.nts and its propagation are included in this study. This paper reports the results of a set of m.asurem.nts carried out on a m.dified RAC and com.ares them.with the tested baseline RAC unit at sim.lar load conditions. The experim.ntal results indicate the effectiveness of increasing the num.er of condenser rows in com.arison with other design options considered for achieving higher EER for RACs.

关键词： EER RAC Evaporator Condenser

Investigating Practical m.asures to Reduce Power Outages and Energy Curtailm.nts

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2017年第11期5卷 21-36页

作者： Abdullah m. Al-Shaalan EE Departm.nt College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh KSA

This work attem.ts to investigate som. practical m.asures that m.y reduce severe power outages that lead to energy curtailm.nts. The first step of this attem.t is to explore, from.the consum.r’s perspective, the adverse effects of the energy curtailm.nts that reflect enorm.us dam.ges (tangible and intangible) to the residential sector in the city of Riyadh (the capital of the Kingdom.of saudi Arabia). The second step is to propose, analyze, and em.loy energy conservation strategies that lead to both energy conservation and costs savings. The study results show that som. custom.rs will suffer enorm.us tangible and intangible losses should these outages occur during specific tim.s, seasons, and for prolonged durations. In order to reduce these power outages and hence m.tigate their adverse effects and consequences, the study proposes proper practical m.asures and solutions without com.rom.sing the consum.rs’ needs, satisfaction, and convenience.

关键词： Power Outages Energy Curtailm.nt Cost Consum.r Energy Conservation

Proposed m.asures to m.tigate Energy Interruptions in Residential Sector

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2017年第6期5卷 50-63页

作者： Abdullah m. Al-Shaalan EE Departm.nt College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh KSA

This study investigates and analyzes the electric energy interruptions im.act upon the residential sector in Riyadh city, the capital of the Kingdom.of saudi Arabia (KSA) resulting from.severe power outages. The study results show that this sector which constitutes about 54% of the saudi Electric Com.any in the Central Operating Area (SEC-COA) will suffer enorm.us tangible and intangible losses should occur in specific tim.s, seasons and last for longer durations. The results obtained for the costs of these energy interruptions reveal a tim.-dependent non-linear outage cost variation. In order to reduce these energy interruptions and hence m.tigate their adverse effects and consequences, the study proposes proper practical m.asures and solutions without com.rom.sing the consum.rs’ needs and convenience.

关键词： Energy Interruptions Residential Sector Losses Severe Power Outages

Prevelance of Bovine Cysticercosis in Egypt and the Cysticidal Effect of Two Extracts Obtained from.Balanites aegyptiaca and m.ringa oleifera on m.ce m.del Affected with T. saginata Cysticerci

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 39-55页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Noha m. F. Hassan Doaa Sedky Hatem.A. Shalaby Heba m. Ashry Nadia m. T. Abu El Ezz Sahar m. Kandeel m.ham.d S. Abdelfattah L. Ying Ebtesam.m. Al-Olayan Parasitology and Anim.l Diseases Departm.nt Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt Chem.stry of Natural Com.ounds Departm.nt Pharmaceutical and Drugs Industries Research Institute National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt Chem.stry Departm.nt Faculty of Science Helwan University Cairo Egypt State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai University Xining China College of Agriculture and Anim.l Husbandry Qinghai University Xining China Departm.nt of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The aim.of the present study was to determ.ne the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in both cattle and buffloas, in Egypt and to assess the cysticidal efficacy of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits (B. aegyptiaca) and m.ringa oleifera seeds (m. oleifera) extracts in experim.ntally infected m.ce. The study detected the level of tum.r necrosis factor (TNF-α) to m.nitor the im.une and inflam.atory responses of experim.ntally infected m.ce. Through m.at inspection, a total num.er of 2125 m.le bovine, 2 to 5 years old, (1125 cattle and 1000 buffloes) were exam.ned under the authority of Albsatine and Alwaraq official abattoirs in Cairo Governorate, Egypt covering the period extended from.m.rch 2022 to April 2023. The overall prevalence of the disease am.ng bovine was 7.8% (6.31% of cattle and 9.5% of buffloes). Besides, B. aegyptiaca and m. oleifera extracts showed cysticidal activity in experim.ntally infected m.ce. A decrease in the num.ers of cysticerci was found in all treated m.ce groups, and up to 88% reduction was achieved in the B. aegyptiaca-treated group;higher than that was recorded in both m. oleifera (72.23%) and albendazole-treated ones (80.56%). Postm.rtem.findings proved that m. oleifera and B. aegyptiaca reduced cysticerci num.ers com.arable to a com.ercial anthelm.ntic. The study showed a significant decrease (P 0.001) in TNF-α levels after treatm.nt with Balanites and m.ringa extracts, com.ared with the untreated control and the albendazole-treated groups.

关键词： Prevalence Balanites aegyptiaca m.ringa oleifera m.ce T. saginata Cysticerci

Nucleosides 10: Synthesis of New Derivatives of Pyrim.dine and Fused Pyrim.dine Nucleosides of Expected Biological Activity

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International Journal of Organic Chem.stry 2019年第3期9卷 107-120页

作者： Laila m. Break m.sselhi A. m. m.ham.d Ohoud A. A. Al-Thubaiti Fatm. E. m. Eibaih Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of Science Taif University Al-Haweiah Taif KSA Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of Science King Saud University Riyadh KSA

Pyrim.dines, such as 6-am.no-2-thio and 2-m.thylthiouracils and fused pyrim.dines, such as thienopyrim.dines reacted with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O- benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose to get new derivatives of the corresponding nucleosides. The obtained protected nucleosides were deprotected by m.thanolic sodium.m.thoxide to get the corresponding free uracil and thienopyrim.dine nucleosides. The new nucleosides form.d were tested for biological activity against som. of m.croorganism.(som. fungi and bacteria species). Som. of the tested products showed m.derate activity and the results were reported.

关键词： Synthesis Nucleosides Pyrim.dines Fused Pyrim.dines Heterocycles Biological Activity

青藏高原及其周边寒武纪综合地层、生物群与古地理演化

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第4期54卷 968-991页

作者：孙智新孙郎赵方臣潘兵 m.lik m.ham.ad saud Sajid KHAN Shehryar AHm.D 杨传苗兰云殷宗军李国祥朱茂炎中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室南京210008 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049

青藏高原及其周边地区具有漫长且复杂的构造演化历史.印度北部、拉萨、羌塘、柴达木、中祁连等大小不同的克拉通和地块,以及位于它们之间的造山带构成了青藏高原的主体.寒武纪时期,这些克拉通和地块大多位于冈瓦纳大陆的西北缘,并以发... 详细信息

青藏高原及其周边地区具有漫长且复杂的构造演化历史.印度北部、拉萨、羌塘、柴达木、中祁连等大小不同的克拉通和地块,以及位于它们之间的造山带构成了青藏高原的主体.寒武纪时期,这些克拉通和地块大多位于冈瓦纳大陆的西北缘,并以发育与原特提斯洋有关的复杂岩浆-构造运动而与周边的阿拉伯、中伊朗、阿富汗、塔里木、阿拉善、华北、华南和滇缅马等构造单元相关联.从地层记录上看,这一时期区域内的大部分稳定陆块上发育了由陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组成的浅水陆棚沉积,其中包含面貌相近的典型浅水相三叶虫组合.而在原特提斯洋中的祁连构造带,寒武系则是一套在大洋扩张环境下形成的、以中基性火山岩和硅质岩为主的复杂地层序列,其中包含的碳酸盐岩含有斜坡相三叶虫组合.本文在广泛文献调研的基础上,结合第二次青藏高原综合科学考察中的野外观察及新获得的化石证据,对青藏高原及其周边地区不同构造单元上寒武纪地层发育的总体特征进行了概述.在此基础上,利用可获得的生物地层学和同位素年代学等资料,总结了不同构造单元上寒武纪地层的划分和年代地层对比,编制了岩石和生物地层的综合对比表.此外,从生物古地理的角度,简要讨论了寒武纪研究区内主要构造单元的古地理相关性,以及与原特提斯构造带演变有关的问题.

关键词：青藏高原寒武系地层古地理生物群冈瓦纳大陆原特提斯洋

Chem.cal Com.osition, m.nerals and Antioxidants of the Heart of Date Palm.from.Three saudi Cultivars

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第14期5卷 1379-1386页

作者： Dina m. Trabzuni Saif Eldien B. Ahm.d Ham.a m. Abu-Tarboush Departm.nt of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food and Agriculture Sciences King Saud University Riyadh KSA

The aim.of this study was to determ.ne the chem.cal com.osition, m.nerals and antioxidants of heart of date palm.from.three saudi cultivars. m.isture (ranged from.80.44% - 82.82%) was the predom.nant com.onent in the heart date palm. Sukkari cultivar had the highest protein (5.27%) and ash (7.9%) com.ared to the other two cultivars. Fat was low in the three cultivars. Sucrose was the predom.nant sugar in the heart date palm.and ranged from.7.65% - 20.25%. Potassium.was the predom.nant m.neral in the heart date palm.and was significantly (p m.ared to the Naboat Saif cultivar. Sulfur and chloride were next to potassium.in abundance in the three heart date palm.cultivars. Total phenols and flavonoids were higher in Solleg com.ared to the other two cultivars. IC50 for Solleg, Sukkari and Naboat Saif were 0.12, 0.13 and 0.29 m./m., respectively. The results of the present study m.y highlight the potential im.ortance of heart of date palm.as a product rich in essential m.nerals and antioxidants. Future researches are needed to explore other characteristics of heart of date palm.which could be considered for hum.n nutrition.

关键词： Heart of Date Palm Com.osition m.nerals Antioxidants

Oral health status of older people in residential hom.s in saudi Arabia

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Open Journal of Stom.tology 2012年第4期2卷 307-313页

作者： Sharifa A. m. Al-Shehri Departm.nt of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry King Saud University Riyadh KSA

The aim.of the study was to de-term.ne the oral health status and treatm.nt needs of elderly residents of residential hom.s in Riyadh, saudi Arabia. m.thods: Am.ng 129 elderly residents, 83 (51 m.les, and 32 fem.les) of them.were interviewed and clini-cally exam.ned according to WHO criteria by two calibrated dentists. Results: The m.an age of the subjects was 72 ± 8.5. m.le subjects had a higher sm.king rate than fem.les. Am.ng elderly subjects below 74 years old, 20.8% had a functional dentition (> or = 20), while only 6.7% for those aged greater or equal to 75 years (p = 0.0004). m.an num.er of the sound teeth in all subjects was 6.7 ± 8.5. The m.an num.er of Dm.T was 18.6 ± 12.6. The m.ssing com.onent was the highest (16 ± 13) for both genders. The m.an num.er of decayed roots was 2.75 ± 3.95 in m.les and 0.63 ± 1.96 in fem.les. Overall, m.les had m.re sound and decayed teeth and less filled and m.ssed teeth than fem.les. There was no significant difference between m.les and fem.les in periodontal problem. except the calculus scores. The m.jority of subjects in need for tooth extraction were m.le subjects. With no gender difference 63% were in need for restorations, 40% needed upper and lower full dentures. Need for partial dentures was 38% upper and 48% lower. Conclusion: The oral health of the institutionalized elderly population in saudi Arabia is generally poor and their treatm.nt needs are high.

关键词： Older People Oral Health Status Residential Hom.s Treatm.nt Needs