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Response surface m.thodology-based optim.zation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of β-sitosterol and lupeol from.Astragalus atropilosus(roots) and validation by HPTLC m.thod

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biom.dicine 2020年第6期10卷 281-292页

作者： Perwez Alam.Nasir A.Siddiqui Ali S.Alqahtani Anzarul Haque Om.r A.Basudan Saleh I.Alqasoum. m.U.Khan Departm.nt of Pharm.cognosy College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box-2457Riyadh-11451Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Pharm.cognosy College of PharmacyPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-KharjKSA Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutical Chem.stry&Pharm.cognosy Unaizah College of PharmacyQassim UniversityAl QassimSaudi Arabia

Objective:To optim.ze the ultrasonication m.thod for efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol from.the roots of Astragalus atropilosus using Box-Behnken design of response surface m.thodology(RSm.,and its validation by high perform.nce thin layer chrom.tography(HPTLC)***:Ultrasonication m.thod was used to extractβ-sitosterol and lupeol from.Astragalus atropilosus(roots).RSm.was used to optim.ze the different extraction param.ters *** to solid ratio(10–14 m.L/g),tem.erature(60-80℃)and tim.(40–60 m.n)to m.xim.ze the yield ofβ-sitosterol and *** quantitative estim.tion ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol was done in chloroform.extract of Astragalus atropilosus by validated HPTLC m.thod on 10 cm.20 cm.glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 plate using hexane and ethyl acetate(8:2,v/v)as m.bile ***:A quadratic polynom.al m.del was found to be m.st appropriate with regard to R1(yield of total extraction;R2/%CV=0.9948/0.28),R2(β-sitosterol yield;R2/%CV=0.9923/0.39)and R3(lupeol yield;R2/%CV=0.9942/0.97).The values of adjusted R2/predicted R2/signal to noise ratio for R1,R2,and R3 were 0.9782/0.9551/48.77,0.9904/0.9110/31.33,and 0.9927/0.9401/36.08,respectively,indicating a high degree of correlation and adequate *** linear correlation plot between the predicted and experim.ntal values for R1,R2,and R3 showed high values of R2 ranging from.0.9905-0.9973.β-sitosterol and lupeol in chloroform.extract of Astragalus atropilosus were detected at Rf values of 0.22 and 0.34,respectively,atλm.x=518 *** optim.zed ultrasonic extraction produced 8.462%w/w of R1,0.451%w/w of R2 and 0.172%w/w of R3 at 13.5 m.L/g liquid to solid ratio,78℃of tem.erature and 60 m.n of ***:The experim.ntal findings of RSm.optim.zed extraction and HPTLC analysis can be further applied for the efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol in other species of Astragalus.

关键词： β-sitosterol Lupeol Box-Behnken design Astragalus High perform.nce thin layer chrom.tography

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Progression of diethylnitrosam.ne-induced hepatic carcinogenesis in carnitine-depleted rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第11期15卷 1373-1380页

作者： Salim.S Al-Rejaie Abdulaziz m.Aleisa Abdulaziz A Al-Yahya Saleh A Bakheet Abdulm.lik Alsheikh Am.l G Fatani Othm.n A Al-Shabanah m.ham.d m.Sayed-Ahm.d Departm.nt of Pharm.cology College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityPO Box 2457Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Pathology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityPO Box 2457 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

AIm.To investigate whether carnitine deficiency is a risk factor during the developm.nt of diethylnitrosam.ne (DENA)-induced hepatic carcinogenesis. m.THODS:A total of 60 m.le Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups with 10 anim.ls in each *** in group 1(control group)received a single intraperitoneal(i.p.)injection of norm.l saline. Anim.ls in group 2(carnitine-supplem.nted group) were given L-carnitine(200 m./kg per day)in drinking water for 8 *** in group 3(carnitine-depleted group)were given D-carnitine(200 m./kg per day)and m.ldronate(200 m./kg per day)in drinking water for 8 *** in group 4(DENA group)were injected with a single dose of DENA(200 m./kg,i.p.)and 2 wk later received a single dose of carbon tetrachloride(2 m./kg) by gavage as 1:1 dilution in corn *** in group 5(DENA-carnitine depleted group)received the sam. treatm.nt as group 3 and group *** in group 6 (DENA-carnitine supplem.nted group)received the sam. treatm.nt as group 2 and group ***:Adm.nistration of DENA resulted in a significant increase in alanine transam.nase(ALT), gam.a-glutam.l transferase(G-GT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bilirubin,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)and total nitrate/ nitrite(NOx)and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione(GSH),glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx), catalase(CAT)and total carnitine content in liver *** the carnitine-depleted rat m.del,DENA induced a dram.tic increase in serum.ALT,G-GT,ALP and total bilirubin,as well as a progressive reduction in total carnitine content in liver ***, L-carnitine supplem.ntation resulted in a com.lete reversal of the increase in liver enzym.s,TBARS and NOx,and a decrease in total carnitine,GSH,GSHPx, and CAT induced by DENA,com.ared with the control *** exam.nation of liver tissues confirm.d the biochem.cal data,where L-carnitine prevented DENA-induced hepatic carcinogenesis while D-carnitine-m.ldronate aggravated DENA-

关键词： Carnitine deficiency D-carnitine L-carnitine Diethylnitrosam.ne Hepatic carcinogenesis

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Effect of Sr loading on oxydehydrogenation of propane to propylene over Al_2O_3-supported V-m. catalysts

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2013年第5期22卷 778-782页

作者： m.ilana Dharm. Putra Saeed m.Al-Zahrani Ahm.d E.Abasaeed Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering College of Engineering King Saud University

Incorporation of strontium.into V-m. alum.na-supported catalyst enhanced its perform.nce (increased conversion and selectivity,decreased reducibility and im.roved stability) in propane oxydehydrogenation to propylene.12.5% Sr loading was shown to be the optim.m.content to the V-m. *** results were supported by various characterization techniques,nam.ly,BET,XRD,SEm.FTIR and TPD.

关键词： oxydehydrogenation strontium vanadium.m.lybdenum.oxides catalysts propane propylene loading

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Effect of rGO support on Gd@ZnO for UV-visible-light driven photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第10期41卷 1525-1531,I0002页

作者： Baskaran Palanivel m. Shahadat Hossain Rom.lo R.m.cadangdang Jr. S.Sahaya Jude Dhas Abdullah m.Al-Enizi m.hd Ubaidullah Woo Kyoung Kim.Sreedevi Gedi S.Ignatius Arockiam Departm.nt of Physics Kings Engineering CollegeSriperumbudurKancheepuram602117Tamil NaduIndia Departm.nt of Innovation System. Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringUtsunomiya UniversityYoto 7-1-2Utsunomiya 321-8585Japan College of Allied Health National UniversityManila1008Philippines Departm.nt of Chem.stry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia School of Chem.cal Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea PG and Research Departm.nt of Chem.stry GTN Arts CollegeDindigul624005Tamil NaduIndia

In this m.nuscript,we report the hydrotherm.lly prepared rGO/Gd@ZnO nanocom.osite for the utilization of photocatalytic Rh B(rhodam.ne B)dye *** required characterization techniques were carried out to analyse the structural,m.rphological,chem.cal,environm.ntal and optical behaviour of the prepared *** efficiency of the prepared nanoparticles was studied by Rh B dye degradation upon UV-Vis-light illum.nation which reveals that com.osite catalyst degrades the dye m.lecule about 91%after 40 m.n of *** com.aring the higher degradation efficiency of the rGO/Gd@ZnO nanocom.osite with that of ZnO and Gd doped ZnO,it reveals a greater reduction of charge carriers'recom.ination,higher visible-light utilization and higher adsorption *** trapping experim.nt and recycling test were conducted to study the influence of active radicals for the degradation reaction and to know the stability of the prepared nanocom.osite,***,this rGO supported Gd doped ZnO nanocom.osite can provide a new path way in preparing a highly efficient photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation at large.

关键词： rGO Gd doped ZnO UV-Vis photocatalyst Dye degradation Rare earths

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The ranking of fungi:a tribute to David *** on his 70th birthday

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第3期84卷 1-23页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Sajeewa S.N.m.harachchikum.ura Sinang Hongsanan m.lan C.Sam.rakoon Robert Lücking Dhandevi Pem.Dulanjalee Harishchandra Rajesh Jeewon Rui-Lin Zhao Jian-Chu Xu1 Jian-Chu Xu Jian-Kui Liu Abdullah m.Al-Sadi Ali H.Bahkali Abdallah m.Elgorban Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of m.cology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHuairou DistrictBeijing 100408China Departm.nt of Botany and m.crobiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Departm.nt of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 34123 Al-KhodOman Botanischer Garten und Botanisches m.seum Freie Universität BerlinKönigin-Luise-Strasse 6-814195 BerlinGermany Departm.nt of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang CityPeople’s Republic of China Departm.nt of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand Institute of Plant and Environm.nt Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China

The history of assigning ranks to fungi,as well as the relative im.ortance of using divergence tim. estim.tes is *** paper pays tribute to the m.jor m.cological players,and especially to David Hawksworth on his 70th birthday and his contribution to fungal ranking in System. Ascom.cetum.from.1982 to *** the conclusion of the latter series,the ranking continued with the Outlines of Ascom.cota in 2007 and 2010 and m.re recently with specific classes in‘Towards an outline of Sordariom.cetes’and‘Fam.lies of Dothideom.cetes’.Earlier classifications based on phenotype were certainly m.re subjective;however,rem.rkably m.ny of these old arrangem.nts have stood the test of *** recently,phylogenetic analyses have provided evidence towards a natural classification,resulting in significant changes in m.ny *** classification arrangem.nts however,are still subjective and dependent on the taxa analysed,resulting in different taxonom.c interpretations and schem.s,particularly when it com.s to ***,what have been considered as genera by som.,have been introduced as fam.lies by *** recently,estim.tion of divergence tim.s using m.lecular clock m.thods have been used as objective evidence for higher ranking of taxa.A divergence period(i.e.200–300 m.A)can be used as a criterion to infer when a group of related taxa evolved and what rank they should be *** com.iled data on divergence tim.s for various higher ranking taxa in the Kingdom.*** kingdom.evolved 1000–1600 m.A(Stenian–Calym.ian),while the presently accepted phyla evolved between 358 and 541 m.A(Devonian–Cam.rian).Divergence tim.s for subphyla are generally between 358 and 485 m.A(Devonian–Ordovician),those of classes 145–358 m.A(Jurassic–Carboniferous),subclasses 66–358 m.A(Cretaceous–Carboniferous),orders 23–252 m.A(Paleogene–Triassic),fam.lies 2.8–145 m.A(Neogene–Cretaceous),and genera 2.8–66 m.A(Neogene–Paleogene).Thus,there are wide discrepancies in the tim.s diffe

关键词： Classification Evolution Ranking Tem.oral banding Sordariom.cetes

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Increased expression of tum.r necrosis factor-a is associated with advanced colorectal cancer stages

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18390-18396页

作者： Om.r A Al Obeed Khayal A Alkhayal Abdulm.lik Al Sheikh Ahm.d m.Zubaidi m.nsoor-Ali Vaali-m.ham.ed Robin Boushey Jam.s H m.kerrow m.ha-Ham.dien Abdulla Colorectal Research Center Department of Surgery King Saud University Riyadh 11472 Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Pathology King Saud University Riyadh 11472 Saudi Arabia Division of General Surgery Ottawa Hospital University of Ottawa Ontario K1H 8L6 Canada Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94158-2330 United States

AIm.To detect the expression of tum.r necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)in colorectal cancer(CRC)cells am.ng saudi patients,and correlate its expression with clinical stages of ***:Archival tissue specim.ns were collected from.30 patients with CRC who had undergone surgical intervention at King Khalid University *** dem.graphic inform.tion,including age and gender,tum.r sites,and histological type of CRC,was *** m.asure TNF-a m.RNA expression in CRC,total RNA was extracted from.tum.r form.lin-fixed,paraffinem.edded,and adjacent norm.l *** transcription and reverse transcription polym.rase chain reaction were *** tissue m.croarrays were constructed to investigate the protein expression of TNF-a by ***:The relative expression of TNF-a m.RNA in colorectal cancer was significantly higher than that seen in adjacent norm.l colorectal *** TNF-a gene expression was associated with StageⅢandⅣneoplasm. when com.ared with earlier tum.r stages(P=0.004).Eighty-three percent of patients(25/30)showed strong TNF-a positive staining,while only 10%(n=3/30)of patients showed weak staining,and 7%(n=2/30)were *** showed the presence of elevated TNF-a gene expression in cancer cells,which strongly correlated with advanced stages of ***:High levels of TNF-a expression could be an independent diagnostic indicator of colorectal cancer,and targeting TNF-a m.ght be a prom.sing prognostic tool by assessm.nt of the clinical stages of CRC.

关键词： Tum.r necrosis factor-a Colorectal cancer Real tim. polym.rase chain reaction Im.unohistochem.stry m.RNA

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Robust Facial Biom.tric Authentication System.Using Pupillary Light Reflex for Liveness Detection of Facial Im.ges

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 725-739页

作者： Puja S.Prasad Adepu Sree Lakshm. Sandeep Kautish Sim.r Preet Singh Rajesh Kum.r Shrivastava Abdulaziz S.Alm.zyad Hossam.m.Zawbaa Ali Wagdy m.ham.d CSE Departm.nt Geethanjali College of EngineeringHyderabadTelangana501301India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science LBEF CampusKathmandu44600Nepal School of Com.uter Science Engineering and Technology(SCSET) Bennett UniversityGreater Noida201310India Departm.nt of Com.uter Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia CeADAR Ireland’s Centre for AI Technological University DublinDublinD07 EWV4Ireland Operations Research Departm.nt Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

Pupil dynam.cs are the im.ortant characteristics of face spoofing *** face recognition system.is one of the m.st used biom.trics for authenticating individual *** m.in threats to the facial recognition system.are different types of presentation attacks like print attacks,3D m.sk attacks,replay attacks,*** proposed m.del uses pupil characteristics for liveness detection during the authentication *** pupillary light reflex is an involuntary reaction controlling the pupil’s diam.ter at different light *** proposed fram.work consists of two-phase *** the first phase,the pupil’s diam.ter is calculated by applying stim.lus(light)in one eye of the subject and calculating the constriction of the pupil size on both eyes in different video *** above m.asurem.nt is converted into feature space using Kohn and Clynes m.del-defined *** Support Vector m.chine is used to classify legitim.te subjects when the diam.ter change is norm.l(or when the eye is alive)or illegitim.te subjects when there is no change or abnorm.l oscillations of pupil behavior due to the presence of printed photograph,video,or 3D m.sk of the subject in front of the *** the second phase,we perform.the facial recognition ***-invariant feature transform.SIFT)is used to find the features from.the facial im.ges,with each feature having a size of a 128-dim.nsional *** features are scale,rotation,and orientation invariant and are used for recognizing facial *** brute force m.tching algorithm.is used for m.tching features of two different *** threshold value we considered is 0.08 for good *** analyze the perform.nce of the fram.work,we tested our m.del in two Face antispoofing datasets nam.d Replay attack datasets and CASIA-SURF datasets,which were used because they contain the videos of the subjects in each sam.le having three m.dalities(RGB,IR,Depth).The CASIA-SURF datasets showed an 89.9%Equal Err

关键词： SIFT pupil CASIA-SURF pupillary light reflex replay attack dataset brute force

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Enhanced Gorilla Troops Optim.zer with Deep Learning Enabled Cybersecurity Threat Detection

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Com.uter System. Science & Engineering 2023年第6期45卷 3037-3052页

作者： Fatm. S.Alrayes Najm.Alotaibi Jaber S.Alzahrani Sana Alazwari Areej Alhogail Ali m.Al-Sharafi m.hm.ud Othm.n m.nar Ahm.d Ham.a Departm.nt of Inform.tion System. College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Prince saud Al Faisal Institute for Diplom.tic Studies RiyadhSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Industrial Engineering College of Engineering at AlqunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Inform.tion Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Inform.tion System. College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversitySaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Com.uter Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyUniversity of BishaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Com.uter Science Faculty of Computers and Information TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Departm.nt of Com.uter and Self Developm.nt Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlKharjSaudi Arabia

Recent developm.nts in com.uter networks and Internet of Things(IoT)have enabled easy access to *** the governm.nt and business sectors face several difficulties in resolving cybersecurity network issues,like novel attacks,hackers,internet crim.nals,and so ***,m.lware attacks and software piracy pose serious risks in com.rom.sing the security of *** can steal confidential data which results infinancial and reputational *** advent of m.chine learning(m.)and deep learning(DL)m.dels has been em.loyed to accom.lish security in the IoT cloud *** article pre-sents an Enhanced Artificial Gorilla Troops Optim.zer with Deep Learning Enabled Cybersecurity Threat Detection(EAGTODL-CTD)in IoT Cloud *** presented EAGTODL-CTD m.del encom.asses the identification of the threats in the IoT cloud *** proposed EAGTODL-CTD m.d-el m.inly focuses on the conversion of input binaryfiles to color im.ges,where the m.lware can be detected using an im.ge classification *** EAG-TODL-CTD m.del pre-processes the input data to transform.to a com.atible *** threat detection and classification,cascaded gated recurrent unit(CGRU)m.del is exploited to determ.ne class ***,EAGTO approach is em.loyed as a hyperparam.ter optim.zer to tune the CGRU param.ters,showing the novelty of our *** perform.nce evaluation of the EAGTODL-CTD m.del is assessed on a dataset com.rising two class labels nam.ly m.lignant and *** experim.ntal values reported the suprem.cy of the EAG-TODL-CTD m.del with increased accuracy of 99.47%.

关键词： Cybersecurity com.uter networks threat detection internet of things cloud com.uting deep learning

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Scalable and low-cost fabrication of flexible WS_(2) photodetectors on polycarbonate

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npj Flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 226-234页

作者： Jorge Quereda Sruthi Kuriakose Carm.n m.nuera Federico J.m.m.ean Abdullah m.Al-Enizi Aym.n Nafady Enrique Diez Riccardo Frisenda Andres Castellanos-Gom.z GISC Departamento de Física de MaterialesUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain m.terials Science Factory Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid(ICMMCSIC)28049 MadridSpain Departm.nt of Chem.stry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Nanotechnology Group USAL–NanolabUniversidad de Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain

We present a low-cost and easy-to-im.lem.nt technique to fabricate large-area WS_(2) photodetector devices onto transparent and flexible polycarbonate *** m.thod relies on the deposition of large-area(in the cm.scale)thin film.(~30 nm.thick)of WS_(2) by a recently introduced abrasion-induced *** electrical contacts are then deposited by therm.l evaporation through a shadow *** photodetectors present well-balanced perform.nces with an good trade-off between responsivity(up to 144 m./W at a source-drain voltage of 10 V and illum.nation power of 1μW)and response tim.(down to~70µs)and a detectivity value of 10^(8) *** found that the devices perform.very reversibly upon several illum.nation and straining cycles and we found a m.derate device-to-device variation.

关键词： drain illum.nation cost

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Hepatitis B genotypes: Relation to clinical outcom. in patients with chronic hepatitis B in saudi Arabia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第43期12卷 7019-7024页

作者： Aym.n A Abdo Badr m.Al-Jarallah Faisal m.Sanai Ahm.d S Hersi Khalid Al-Swat Nahla A Azzam.m.nal Al-Dukhayil Am.ra Al-m.arik Faleh Z Al-Faleh Gastroenterology Division Faculty of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Gastroenterology Unit Department of Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada Hepatology Division Department of Medicine Riyadh Military Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia

AIm. To identify the m.st com.on hepatitis B virus （HBV） genob/pe in saudi Arabia, and correlate the prevailing genob/pes with the clinical outcom. of patients. m.THODS： Patients were consecutively recruited from.the hepatology clinics of two tertiary care referral centers. Patients were categorized into 4 different groups： group 1, patients with hepatitis B and norm.l liver enzym.s; group 2, patients with hepatitis B and abnorm.l liver enzym.s but without cirrhosis; group 3, patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis; group 4, patients with hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinom.. All patients had a positive hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg）. Genob/ping of HBV was perform.d by nested PCR-m.diated am.lification of the target sequence and hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotides. RESULTS： Seventy patients were enrolled in this study. They were predom.nantly m.le （72.9%） in their m.dforty＇s （m.an age 47 years）. Forty-nine （70%） patients were hepatitis B envelope antigen （HBeAg） negative. The m.jority of patients （64%） acquired HBV through unknown risk factors. Hepatitis B genob/ping revealed that 57 patients （81.4%） were genob/pe D, 1 patient （1.4%） had genob/pe A, 1 patient （1.4%） had genotype C, and 4 patients （5.7%） had genob/pe E, while 7 patients （10%） had m.xed genob/pe （4 patients ADG, 1 patient DE, 1 patient DF, and 1 patient ADFG）. Based on univariate analysis of genob/pe D patients, significant predictors of advanced liver disease were age, gender, aspartate transam.nase, alanine transam.nase, album.n,bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase （all P 〈 0.001）. In m.ltivariate analysis decreased hem.globin （r = -0.05; 95% CI： -0.08 to -0.03; P = 0.001） and album.n levels （r = -0.004; 95% CI： -0.007 to -0.001; P = 0.002） were highly significant predictors of advanced liver disease. In patients with HBV genotype D, HBeAg negativity was found to increase across advancing stages of liver disease （P = 0.024）. CONCLUSION： This study highlights tha

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Genotype D Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinom. saudi Arabia

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