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AIM associated with the IgM pentamer: attackers on stand-by at aircraft carrier

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第6期15卷 563-574页

作者： Toru Miyazaki Tomoko Yamazaki Ryoichi Sugisawa M Eric Gershwin satoko arai Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine for Pathogenesis Center for Disease Biology and Integrative MedicineFaculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan CREST Japan Agency for Medical Research and DevelopmentTokyo 113-0033Japan Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology Tokyo 113-0033Japan Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology The University of California School of MedicineDavisCA 95616USA

Circulating immunoglobulin M(IgM)exists in a pentameric form,possessing a polyreactive nature that responds not only to foreign antigens but also to autoantigens;thus,it is involved in both beneficial and detrimental immune responses,including protection from infection and the progression of autoimmunity.On the other hand,IgM also behaves as a carrier of the apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage(AIM)protein,storing a large amount of the inactivated form of AIM in the blood through this association.Under different disease conditions,AIM can dissociate from IgM locally or systemically to exert its function,inducing the removal of various biological debris such as excess fat,bacteria,cancer cells or dead cell debris.Most typically,upon induction of acute kidney injury(AKI),IgM-free AIM is filtered by the glomerulus in the kidney,which stimulates the clearance of intraluminal dead cells debris at the obstructed proximal tubules,thereby facilitating the repair of kidney injury.Interestingly,cats exhibit a deficiency in AIM release from IgM,which may increase their susceptibility to renal failure.Conversely,association with AIM inhibits IgM binding to the Fcα/μreceptor on follicular dendritic cells at the splenic germinal center,thereby protecting the IgM immune complex from Fcα/μreceptor-mediated internalization,which supports IgM-dependent antigen presentation to B cells and stimulates high-affinity IgG antibody production.The regulation of AIM–IgM binding,resulting from the discovery of reciprocal actions between AIM and IgM,could lead to the development of novel therapies against different diseases.

关键词： apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage(AIM) immunoglobulin M(IgM) acute kidney injury(AKI) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cat renal failure

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The macrophage soluble receptor AIM/Api6/CD5L displays a broad pathogen recognition spectrum and is involved in early response to microbial aggression

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第4期11卷 343-354页

作者： Vanesa G. Martinez Cristina Escoda-Ferran Ines Tadeu Simees satoko arai Marc Orta Mascaro Esther Carreras Mario Martinez-Florensa Jose Yelamos Toru Miyazaki Francisco Lozano Grup d'Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pii Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Cancer Research Program Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and Department of Immunology Hospital del Mar Barcelona Spain Servei d'Immunologia Centre de DiagnOstic Biomedic Hospital Clinic Barcelona Barcelona Spain Departament de Biologia Cellular Immunologia i Neurociencies Facultat de Medicina Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages （AIMs）, a homologue of human Spa, is a mouse soluble member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily （SRCR-SF）. This family integrates a group of proteins expressed by innate and adaptive immune cells for which no unifying function has yet been described. Pleiotropic functions have been ascribed to AIM, from viability support in lymphocytes during thymic selection to lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects in autoimmune pathologies. In the present report, the pathogen binding properties of AIM have been explored. By using a recombinant form of AIM （rAIM） expressed in mammalian cells, it is shown that this protein is able to bind and aggregate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogenic and saprophytic fungal species. Importantly, endogenous AIM from mouse serum also binds to microorganisms and secretion of AIM was rapidly induced in mouse spleen macrophages following exposure to conserved microbial cell wall components. Cytokine release induced by well-known bacterial and fungal Toll-like receptor （TLR） ligands on mouse splenocytes was also inhibited in the presence of rAIM. Furthermore, mouse models of pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMPs）-induced septic shock of bacterial and fungal origin showed that serum AIM levels changed in a time-dependent manner. Altogether, these data suggest that AIM plays a general homeostatic role by supporting innate humoral defense during pathogen aggression.

关键词： innate immunity pattern recognition receptor scavenger receptor

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Exploring the novel role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in phagocytosis:beyond myelinogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 473-474页

作者： Gen Hamanaka Ken arai Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA

Roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)have long been recognized for their critical role as precursors to oligodendrocytes,the primary myelin-producing cells.As precursors,OPCs mature and differentiate into oligodendrocytes,which contribute significantly to the formation of myelin sheaths around axons.This myelination,which is critical for the conduction of salutatory nerve impulses in the cerebral white matter,underscores the classical role of oligodendrocytes in central nervous system(CNS)functionality.Importantly,because oligodendrocytes are differentiated cells that cannot proliferate.

关键词： critical system conduction

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Symptomatic COVID-19 in University Students: A School-Wide Web-Based Questionnaire Survey during the Omicron Variant Outbreak

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 133-146页

作者： Mai Kitahara Hisami Sameshima Rie Tanuma Kumi Setoyama Yuka Yamaguchi Akiyo Kamachi satoko Nakamura Mayuko Sakuma Yoichi Kawaike Tamotsu Furuya Shinji Ijichi Health Service Center Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan Center for Management of Information Technologies Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan

Aim: To detect risk and preventive factors associated with the Omicron variant infection in university students, a combination of a web-based survey and multivariate logistic regression analysis was introduced as the front-line initiatives by the school health practitioners. Design: Questionnaire survey. Methods: The school-wide web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among our university students as a part of the annual health check-up in April, 2023. The positive outcome was confined to the first symptomatic COVID-19 onset during the Omicron variant outbreak. Results: In this self-administered survey, risk or protective associations were merely estimated statistically in university students (n = 5406). In measured factors, karaoke and club/group activities could maintain the statistical significance in adjusted odds ratios (ORs) as relative risk factors, and science course, measles/ rubella (MR) vaccination, and COVID-19 vaccination remained as relative protective factors in adjusted OR analyses. Club/group activities with member gathering and karaoke sing-along sessions in university students may frequently have WHO’s three Cs. These risk factors are still important topics for the infection control of COVID-19 in university students. Together with some recent reports from other researchers, the significant protective role of MR vaccine in our survey warrants further clinical investigation. If the breakthrough infection continuously constitutes the majority of infection, real data in test-negative case-control or web-based questionnaire design continue to be important for statistical analysis to determine the minimal requirement of our strategies which may be equivalent to or replace COVID-19 vaccines.

关键词： Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Omicron Variant Risk Behaviors Protective Factors

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Utility of plasma D-dimer for diagnosis of venous thromboembolism after hepatectomy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第2期12卷 276-284页

作者： Taiichiro Miyake Hiroaki Yanagimoto Daisuke Tsugawa Masayuki Akita Riki Asakura Keisuke arai Toshihiko Yoshida Shinichi So Jun Ishida Takeshi Urade Yoshihide Nanno Kenji Fukushima Hidetoshi Gon Shohei Komatsu Sadaki Asari Hirochika Toyama Masahiro Kido Tetsuo Ajiki Takumi Fukumoto Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Department of SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe 650-0017HyogoJapan

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a potentially fatal complication of hepatectomy.The use of postoperative prophylactic anticoagulation in patients who have undergone hepatectomy is controversial because of the risk of postoperative bleeding.Therefore,we hypothesized that monitoring plasma D-dimer could be useful in the early diagnosis of VTE after hepatectomy.AIM To evaluate the utility of monitoring plasma D-dimer levels in the early diagnosis of VTE after hepatectomy.METHODS The medical records of patients who underwent hepatectomy at our institution between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they developed VTE after hepatectomy,as diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or ultrasonography of the lower extremities.Clinicopathological factors,including demographic data and perioperative D-dimer values,were compared between the two groups.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the D-dimer cutoff value.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors.RESULTS In total,234 patients who underwent hepatectomy were,of whom(5.6%)were diagnosed with VTE following hepatectomy.A comparison between the two groups showed significant differences in operative time(529 vs 403 min,P=0.0274)and blood loss(530 vs 138 mL,P=0.0067).The D-dimer levels on postoperative days(POD)1,3,5,7 were significantly higher in the VTE group than in the non-VTE group.In the multivariate analysis,intraoperative blood loss of>275 mL[odds ratio(OR)=5.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.05-27.0,P=0.044]and plasma D-dimer levels on POD 5≥21μg/mL(OR=10.1,95%CI:2.04-50.1,P=0.0046)were independent risk factors for VTE after hepatectomy.CONCLUSION Monitoring of plasma D-dimer levels after hepatectomy is useful for early diagnosis of VTE and may avoid routine prophylactic anticoagulation in the postoperative period.

关键词： Hepatectomy Malignant tumor Postoperative complication D-dimer Early diagnosis Venous thromboembolism

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Coordinated control between a grid forming inverter and grid following inverters suppling power in a standalone microgrid

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Global Energy Interconnection 2022年第3期5卷 259-265页

作者： Junichi arai Yasuhiro Taguchi Kogakuin University 1-24-2 Nishi-ShinjukuShinjukuTokyo 163-8677Japan Energy and Environment Technology Research Institute 1-22-2 Nishi-Waseda ShinjukuNishi-Waseda East Wing 106Tokyo 169-0051Japan

Battery energy storage systems,fuel cells,and photovoltaic generators are being adopted in distribution networks to achieve CO;emission reduction.These power sources require inverters to connect to AC networks.However,sub-networks,such as a microgrids containing inverter power sources,may be disconnected from the utility network and operated in a standalone mode during extended blackouts.This study focuses on a standalone microgrid supplied by inverter power sources without a synchronous generator and proposes a new microgrid inverter control.In this inverter control,a single grid forming inverter is operated as a master power source to determine frequency and voltage,and other inverters,called grid following inverters,are operated as subordinate power sources with active and reactive power control.The necessary functions in the energy management system are examined,and the coordinated operation of all inverters in the microgrid is demonstrated via simulation.

关键词： Inverter control Microgrid Standalone operation Energy management system Grid forming inverter Grid following inverter

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Numerical model of local scour considering the unsteady sediment inflow and sediment sorting: Application to scour upstream of slit weir

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第4期37卷 469-483页

作者： Kazuyuki Ota Takahiro Sato Ryosuke arai Meteorology and Fluid Science Division Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry

The current study proposes a novel framework for the numerical model for estimating the temporal scour considering unsteady sediment inflow and the sediment sorting process. The framework was applied to local scour upstream of a slit weir. The scour model is based on an ordinary nonlinear differential equation derived from sediment continuity and scour rate equations. A one-dimensional(1-D)Boussinesq-type model coupled with nonequilibrium sediment transport was incorporated in the scour model to consider unsteady sediment inflow. In addition, a mixing layer approach was incorporated to determine temporal variations in particle size in the scour hole. The proposed framework was validated using scour experiments conducted under conditions that include non-uniform sediment, live-bed scour,and unsteady flow rate. The simulation results showed satisfactory agreement with experimental results for the scour upstream of a slit weir. The proposed model appropriately explained the hysteresis process for flow unsteadiness, refilling process for live-bed scour, and armoring process for non-uniform sediments. In addition, the model framework proposed in the current study is applicable to local scour around other hydraulic structures(e.g., bridge piers) upon establishing the scour rate equation. Therefore, the current study provides a novel approach for modeling temporal scour that is required to consider unsteady sediment inflow and sediment sorting.

关键词： Local scour Temporal scour Mixing layer theory Slit weir Non-equilibrium bed load

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Therapeutic potential of prophylactic exercise for intracerebral hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1484-1485页

作者： Keita Kinoshita Kelly K.Chung Hiroshi Katsuki Ken arai Neuroprotection Research Laboratory Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan

Exercise and brain health:Physical activity helps promote and maintain our brain health,including memory and cognitive performance.Research has shown that exercise is a safe behavioral intervention that reduces the ri... 详细信息

关键词： diseases Therapeutic hemorrhage

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Cyclic oligourea synthesized from CO_(2):Purification,characterization and properties

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第3期7卷 477-484页

作者： Ruhui Shi Haiyang Cheng Hongxiang Li Peixuan Wu Chao Zhang Masahiko arai Fengyu Zhao State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesNo.5625 Renmin Rd.Changchun130022China University of Science and Technology of China No.96 Jinzhai Rd.Hefei230026China Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesNo.5625 Renmin Rd.Changchun130022China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesNo.5625 Renmin Rd.Changchun130022China

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) as a sustainable resource instead of toxic reagents has attracted considerable attention in synthesis of chemicals and polymeric materials.Herein,a kind of cyclic oligourea was synthesized via polycondensation of CO_(2) with 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine(TTD)followed by effective separation and purification processes.We developed an efficient separation strategy in which the linear oligourea molecules were selectively transformed to macromolecular polyurea molecules by a reaction of the–NH_(2) end group with 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI),followed by separation from cyclic oligourea using selected solvents.The structure and physicochemical properties were confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectra,NMR,Cryo-EM,thermal analysis and solubility measurement.The well-defined cyclic oligourea was produced with a high purity(99.4%)and the average-number molecular weight(Mn)of 1040 Da.It is semi-crystalline in structure with a melting point of 106℃and glass transition point of-10℃.The cyclic oligourea presented characteristically difference to its linear analogue.This work provides a new member to cyclic polymer family.

关键词： materials separation purity

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Atmospheric correction for HY-1C CZI images using neural network in western Pacific region

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2022年第3期25卷 476-488页

作者： Jilin Men Jianqiang Liu Guangping Xia Tong Yue Ruqing Tong Liqiao Tian Kohei arai Linyu Wang State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhanChina Ministry of Natural Resource of the People’s Republic of China National Satellite Ocean Application ServiceBeijingChina School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina Department of Information Science Saga UniversitySagaJapan Department of Urban Development Wuhan Land Containment and Reserve CenterWuhanChina

With a spatial resolution of 50 m,a revisit time of three days,and a swath of 950 km,the coastal zone imager(CZI)offers great potential in monitoring coastal zone dynamics.Accurate atmo-spheric correction(AC)is needed to exploit the potential of quantitative ocean color inversion.However,due to the band setting of CZI,the AC over coastal waters in the western Pacific region with complex optical properties cannot be realized easily.This research introduces a novel neural network(NN)AC algorithm for CZI data over coastal waters.Total 100,000 match-ups of HY-1 C CZI-observed reflectance at the top-of-atmosphere and Operational Land Imager(OLI)-retrieved high-quality remote sensing reflectance(Rrs)at the CZI bands are built to train the NN model.These reflectance data are obtained from the standard AC algorithm in the SeaDAS.Results indicate that the distributions of the CZI retrieved Rrs were consistent with the quasi-synchronous OLI data,but the spatial information from the CZI is more detailed.Then,the accuracy of the CZI data for AC is evaluated using the multi-source in-situ data.Results further show that the NN-AC can successfully retrieve Rrs for CZI and the coefficients of determination in the blue,green,red,and near-infrared bands were 0.70,0.77,0.76,and 0.67,respectively.The NN algorithm does not depend on shortwave-infrared bands and runs very fast once properly trained.

关键词： HaiYang-1C coastal zone imager(HY-1C CZI) atmospheric correction neural network coastal water remote sensing

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