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Effect of cooling media on bead geometry,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured IN718 alloy

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 124-149页

作者： Parveen Kumar satish Kumar sharma Ratnesh Kumar Raj Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjab147004India

This work aims to present and explore thermal management techniques for the wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)of IN718 *** heat can be mitigated via air or water *** this study,the material was deposited under four different heat-input conditions with air or water *** air cooling,the layer is deposited in a normal atmospheric air environment,whereas with water cooling,the material is deposited inside a water tank by varying the water *** validate the air and water cooling thermal management techniques,IN718 single-pass and multilayer linear walls were deposited using the bidirectional gas metal arc welding based WAAM setup under four different heat input *** the deposition of single layers,the temperature profiles were recorded,and the geometric and microstructural features were *** multilayer wall structures,the mechanical properties(hardness,tensile strength,and elongation)were determined and assessed using the corresponding microstructural features explored through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)*** microstructure observed through SEM analysis in the building direction was found to be nonhomogenous compared with that in the deposition ***,water cooling was found to govern bead characteristics,such as wall width and *** grain size and anisotropy of the mechanical properties also decreased in the water-cooled ***,water cooling is an economical and efficient method to mitigate excessive heat accumulation in WAAM-deposited IN718.

关键词： Air cooling Water cooling IN718 Bead characteristics Microstructure Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)

Potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria-plant interactions in mitigating salt stress for sustainable agriculture:A review

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 223-245页

作者： Kailash chand KUMAWAT Sharon NAGPAL Poonam sharma Department of Microbiology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004India Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjab 141004India

Soil salinization affecting different crops is one of the serious threats to global food *** salinity affects 20%and 33%of the total cultivated and irrigated agricultural lands,respectively,and has been reported to caused a global crop production loss of 27.3 billion *** conventional approaches,such as using salt-tolerant varieties,saline soil scrapping,flushing,leaching,and adding supplements (e.g.,gypsum and lime),often fail to alleviate *** this context,developing diverse arrays of microbes enhancing crop productivity under saline soil conditions without harming soil health is *** advanced omics approaches have enabled gaining new insights into the structure and metabolic functions of plant-associated beneficial *** genera of salt-tolerating rhizobacteria ameliorating biotic and abiotic stresses have been isolated from different legumes,cereals,vegetables,and oil seeds under extreme alkaline and saline soil *** progress in rhizosphere microbiome research has revived the belief that plants may be more benefited from their association with interacting diverse microbial communities as compared with individual members in a *** the last decade,several salt-tolerating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that improve crop production under salt stress have been exploited for the reclamation of saline *** review highlights that the interaction of salt-tolerating microbes with plants improves crop productivity under salinity stress along with potential salt tolerance mechanisms involved and will open new avenues for capitalizing on cultivable diverse microbial communities to strengthen plant salt tolerance and,thus,to refine agricultural practices and production under saline conditions.

关键词： antagonistic activities antioxidant enzymes benefical microbes osmotolerance rhizosphere microbiome salt tolerance sustainable agriculture

Numerical investigation of the effect of transitory strand opening on mixing in a multistrand tundish

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2011年第5期18卷 535-542页

作者： Sabin Kumar Mishra Pradeep Kumar Jha satish chandra sharma satish Kumar Ajmani Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee 247667UttarakhandIndia Steelmaking and Casting Research Group Tata SteelR&DBurma MinesJamshedpur 831007JharkhandIndia

In a multistrand,the outlet near the inlet produces short circuiting *** leads to the formation of dead zones inside the tundish,and consequently,the mean residence time *** the present study,numerical investigation of mixing inside a delta shaped tundish with sloping boundaries was carried out by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and employing the standard turbulence *** decrease the dead zone volume inside the tundish,the effect of closing the outlet near the inlet for a small amount of time and further opening it on the mixing behavior of the tundish was *** outlets near the inlet were closed for varying amount of time,and the transient analysis of fluid flow and the tracer dispersion study were carried out to find the mixing parameters of the tundish,namely,mean residence time and the ratio of mixed to dead volume of the *** optimum closure time of the near outlet has been found,which yields best mixing inside the *** numerical code was validated against the experimental observation by performing the tracer dispersion study inside a multistrand tundish and the reasonably good match between the experimental and numerical results in terms of residence time distribution （RTD） *** results obtained from the present study confirm the strong role of choosing the right time for opening and closing the outlets to get improved characteristics for the fluid flow and mixing behavior of the *** educational version of computational fluid dynamics （CFD） software PHOENICS was used to solve the governing equations and interpret the results in different forms.

关键词： continuous casting billets tundish flow simulation mean residence time dead volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

Optimal generation mix for frequency response adequacy in future power system

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2021年第3期2卷 243-250页

作者： Vivek Prakash Kailash chand sharma Rohit Bhakar School of Automation Banasthali VidyapithRajasthanIndia Department of Electrical Engineering NIT JalandharIndia Department of Electrical Engineering Malaviya National Institute of TechnologyJaipurIndia

Strict enforcement of government policies to integrate high generation share from renewable energy sources(RES)like wind and PV would create inevitable operational challenges for the utilities to deliver Frequency Response(FR)*** RES generation characteristics would worsen the situation for SO,to detain initial frequency deviation following the largest generation *** necessitates investigation of optimal generator combination for securing PFR adequacy with simultaneous characterization of *** this regard,this paper proposes a novel Modified Interval(MI)based optimal generation mix formulation for operation cost minimization and FR *** uncertainty is characterised by forecasted upper and lower bound,while hourly ramp needs are based on the net load *** model is assessed on one area IEEE reliability test *** of change of frequency(ROCOF)and frequency deviation are considered as network security limits to obtain optimal generation *** obtained provide,overall cost performance,PFR and optimal generation mix,without violating system security *** model would certainly assist SO,to enhance system’s inertia and PFR adequacy at short-term system operations and could be extended for long-term planning framework.

关键词： Frequency response Generation mix Inertial response Net load Primary frequency response System security Unit commitment

Development and characterization of SSR markers in Himalayan species Betula utilis

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1453-1460页

作者： Mohammad Saleem Wani Vikas sharma Raghbir chand Gupta Abid Hussain Munshi Department of Botany Punjabi University PatialaPatialaPunjabIndia Department of Botany University of KashmirSrinagarJammu&KashmirIndia Department of Botany Sant Baba Bhag Singh UniversityKhialaJalandharPunjabIndia

Betula utilis *** an important species of alpine Himalaya and forms the major treeline component of western *** different populations of *** are declining and are under high *** the present study,novel expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat(EST-SSR)primers were developed from expressed sequence tag(EST)data of different Betula *** the10,796 designed primers,the percentages of di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-,and hexa-repeats were 36%,35%,15%,5.5%and7.7%,*** validation,50 primers were synthesized randomly and were characterized in 20 different *** accessions from north-western *** these,45 primers amplified fragments in a range of *** 24 polymorphic primers produced 111 fragments in aggregate with 4.6 fragments on *** information content(PIC)ranged from 0.288 in marker BUMS-24 to 0.497 in BUMS-3 and BUMS-7,with an average of 0.447 among polymorphic *** based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and UPGMA method showed that newly developed SSR markers distinguished twenty accessions of *** into two *** no SSR markers were available in this species,the newly developed markers will foster molecular genetics research and conservation efforts for this species.

关键词： Betula utilis Simple sequence repeat(SSR) Western Himalaya Polymorphism information content(PIC) Genetic diversity

Microscopic and macroscopic diagnosis of the effect of winter weather conditions on distribution pattern of truck types in regional commuter road

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2018年第1期26卷 57-71页

作者： Hyuk-Jae Roh satish sharma City of Regina Old Fire Hall #1 1640 11th AvenuePO Box 1790 Regina SK S4P 3C8 Canada University of Regina Regina SK Canada

It has been reported in the past literature that total traffic volume and passenger car volume are affected by snowfall and cold temperature, but trucks are not sig- nificantly affected. This paper aims to confirm that the distribution of truck types is not affected by winter weather conditions through combined statistical analysis in the framework of microscopic and macroscopic impact anal- ysis. A micro-level analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of snowfall and temperature on changes in truck type distribution. A macro-level analysis was also con- ducted to investigate the effect of the months （or seasons） on changes in truck type distribution. Truck traffic data were collected for 5 years at the weigh-in-motion site in Highway 2A, which is used for regional commuters near the City of Leduc, Alberta, Canada. The trucks were sub- divided into straight unit truck, single trailer and multi trailer unit and then analyzed by applying a nonparametric Chi-squared test combined with the binomial probability test. As a result of the nonparametric test, the truck type distribution was stable irrespective of the severity of winter weather conditions, which are microscopic factors such as snowfall and temperature, and was not influenced by changes in months and seasons, which are macroscopic factors.

关键词： Truck traffic Inclement weather Regionalcommuter road Weigh in motion Snowfall Temperature

Live Video Services Using Fast Broadcasting Scheme

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Communications and Network 2010年第1期2卷 79-85页

作者： satish chand 不详

The Fast Broadcasting scheme is one of the simplest schemes that provide video services. In this scheme, the video is divided into equal-sized segments depending upon the bandwidth allocated by the video server. If the video length is not known, then this scheme cannot be applied as the number of video segments cannot be determined. In a live video wherein the video size is unknown, especially the ending time of the live broadcast, e.g., cricket match, this scheme cannot be applied. In this paper, we propose a model that helps the Fast Broadcasting scheme to support live video broadcasting. The basic architecture of the system consists of a live system with one video channel that broadcasts the live video and a video server that broadcasts the already broadcast live video to users.

关键词： fast broadcasting scheme live video channel channel transition

Co-inoculation of indigenous Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Bradyrhizobium *** the growth,symbiotic efficacy,nutrient acquisition,and grain yield of soybean

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 438-451页

作者： Kailash chand KUMAWAT Inderjeet SINGH Sharon NAGPAL Poonam sharma Rajeev Kumar GUPTA Asmita SIRARI Department of Microbiology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004(India) Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004(India) Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004(India)

Soil microbes play a vital role in improving plant growth,crop productivity,and soil health through solubilization of essential *** investigation was conducted to access the efficacy of Bradyrhizobium ***-3 and the indigenous phosphate-solubilizing Pseudomonas oryzihabitans LSE-3 in improving the symbiosis,nutrient accumulation,and yield of *** isolate LSE-3,selected on the basis of phosphate solubilization,was screened for beneficial traits,antagonistic activities,and *** levels of indole acetic acid production(50.34±2.35μg mL^(-1)),phosphate solubilization(184.4±7.4 mg L^(-1)),biofilm formation(optical density at 560 mm,1.3896±0.04),siderophore production(121.46±1.61μg mL^(-1)),and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity(0.51±0.07 mmolα-ketobutyrateμg^(-1) protein h^(-1))were significantly higher with the dual inoculants(LSBR-3 and LSE-3)than with the single inoculant *** plant growth-promoting traits of single and dual inoculants were evaluated for the synergistic effects on soybean under field *** plots treated with LSBR-3+LSE-3 exhibited improvement in seed germination,plant height,plant biomass,and chlorophyll content compared with the uninoculated *** inoculant treatments resulted in significantly higher symbiotic efficacy evidenced by increased nodulation(40.0±0.75 plant^(-1)),nodule biomass(188.52±6.29 mg plant^(-1)),and leghemoglobin content(11.02±0.83 mg g^(-1) fresh nodule),and significantly increased activities of phosphatase(75.16±3.17 and 58.77±6.08μg p-nitrophenol g^(-1) h^(-1) for alkaline and acid phosphatase,respectively)and dehydrogenase(32.66±1.92μg triphenylformazan g^(-1) h^(-1))compared with the *** inoculation with LSBR-3 and LSE-3 enhanced the uptake of macro-and micronutrients,reduced Na content in shoots,and resulted in 10.85%higher grain yield and ***$96.80 ha^(-1) higher profit compared with the *** is the first report on the effectiv

关键词： bacteria biofilm formation phosphate solubilization plant growth-promoting trait sustainable agriculture zinc solubilization

Half-a-century(1971–2020)of glacier shrinkage and climatic variability in the Bhaga basin,western Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第3期20卷 299-324页

作者： DAS Suresh sharma Milap chand MURARI Madhav Krishna NÜSSER Marcus SCHMIDT Susanne Centre for the Study of Regional Development Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067India National Geochronology Facility Inter-University Accelerator CentreNew Delhi 110067India Department of Geography South Asia Institute(SAI)Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69115Germany Heidelberg Centre for the Environment(HCE) Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany

Glacier shrinkage is a globally occurring ***-resolution change detection based on frequent mapping and monitoring of high-altitude glaciers is necessary to precisely evaluate future water availability and to understand glacier evolution under different climatic scenarios in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayan(HKH)*** also holds true for the Bhaga basin of the western *** study investigates glacier and glacier lake changes in the Bhaga basin,over the last five decades based on satellite imagery including Corona KH4(1971),Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus(ETM+;2000),Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor(LISS Ⅳ;2013),and Sentinel 2(2020).Regional temperature and precipitation trends were evaluated from gridded climatic datasets(1900–2020).In the Bhaga basin 306 glaciers(>0.2 km^(2))were mapped with a total area of 360.3±4.0 km^(2),of which 55.7±0.6 km^(2)was covered with debris in *** total glacier covered area decreased by∼8.2±1.5%(0.16±0.03%yr-1)during the entire observation period 1971–2020,with noticeable heterogeneity between tributary *** the past two decades(2000–2020),the deglaciation rate has increased significantly(0.25%yr-1)compared to the previous decades(1971–2000;0.12%yr-1).Glacier lake area increased by 0.6±0.1 km^(2)(0.012 km^(2)yr-1)between 1971 and *** NCEP/NCAR climatic data reveals an increase of 0.63℃in temperature and a decrease of 6.39 mm in precipitation for the period 1948–*** comparison,APHRODITE data shows an increasing trend in temperature of 1.14℃between 1961 and 2015 and decreasing trend in precipitation of 31 mm between 1951 and *** NCEP/NCAR and APHRODITE data reveal significant temperature increase and precipitation decrease since the 1990s,which have probably augmented ice loss in the Bhaga basin during the early 21st century.

关键词： Glacier change Remote sensing APHRODITE NCEP/NCAR reanalysis Climate change Western Himalaya