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Resorption of impacted teeth as a marker of squamous cell carcinoma infiltrating the mandible

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2013年第1期3卷 15-18页

作者： sathesh balasundram Nicolas Dulguerov Donald Murray Walker Colin Liew Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University College London Hospital London UK Eastman Dental Institute University College London London UK University College London Hospital London UK

The?invasion?of?the?mandible?by?oral?squamous?cell?carcinoma?has?been?firmly?demonstrated?by?anatomical?and?histological?***?squamous?cell?carcinomas?may?induce?resorption?of?the?roots?of?standing?teeth,?there?have?been?no?reports?of?them?also?causing?resorption?of?the?crowns?of?teeth. A?73-year-old?patient?presented?with?an?invading?buccal?squamous?cell?carcinoma. Radiological?investigations?showed?tumour?invasion?of?the?dentate?region?of?the?left?mandible?and?resorption?of?the?crowns?of?right?and?left?mandibular?impacted?third?molars. The?patient?underwent?a?left?segmental?mandibulectomy?and?histopathological?examination?of?the?resected?specimen?revealed?resorption?of?the?enamel?and?dentine?of?an?unerupted?impacted?third?molar?closely?associated?with?the?infiltrating?tumour. Thus?infiltrating?carcinomas?may?rarely?cause?resorption?of?the?crowns?as?well?as?the?roots?of?unerupted?teeth?and?can?be?a?valuable?marker?of?the?extent?of?spread?of?a?tumour?for?the?planning?of?complete?surgical?resection. These?dental?changes?must?be?distinguished?radiologically?from?idiopathic?changes?in?unerupted?teeth?in?the?absence?of?malignancy.

关键词： Squamous Cell Carcinoma Invasion Tooth Resorption

Steroids in Maxillofacial Space Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2017年第9期7卷 397-407页

作者： Li Fong Low Harshinie Audimulam Hui Woon Lim Kalpana Selvaraju sathesh balasundram Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail Batu Pahat Johor Malaysia

Maxillofacial space infection (MSI) is one of the most common conditions encountered in oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics. Early recognition and proper management of MSI could prevent a life-threatening event. Objectives: To report a series of MSI managed with antibiotics, surgical intervention and exogenous steroids as an adjunct, highlighting functional improvement following steroid administration. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out from December 2013 to September 2016, involving 30 patients (n = 30, 22 males, 8 females) diagnosed with MSI. All patients were initially managed with intravenous empirical antibiotics, analgesics and removal of potential source of infection. A course of 3 doses of IV Dexamethasone 8 mg at an interval of 8 hours was started during the first day of hospital admission. Results: This series reports 30 patients presenting with MSI, who received prompt antibiotics and 3 doses of steroids as inpatients. Significant clinical improvement was noted in the form of amelioration of pain, rapid reduction in edema, and improved trismus, shortening hospital stay to an average of 3.5 days, and omission of surgical intervention in 50% of our cases. No adverse effects or drug reaction was noted. Conclusion: In conclusion, the value of synergistic use of corticosteroids with antibiotics in management of MSI is significant. Despite these promising findings, there is scarce evidence in the literature to fully support the use of corticosteroids in abscess management. The role of corticosteroids in treatment of MSI should be explored further.

关键词： Maxillofacial Space Infections Abscess Odontogenic Infections Systemic Steroids Adjunctive Management

Wisdom Tooth Surgery Complications—Local Anaesthesia versus General Anaesthesia

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2019年第3期9卷 51-63页

作者： Hui Woon Lim Nur Izzati Mahmod Fathinah Hanem Azam Zaki Fo Yew Tan sathesh balasundram Tassha Hilda Adnan Department of Oral Surgery Sultanah Nora Ismail Batu Pahat Hospital Ministry of Health Batu Pahat Malaysia Clinical Research Centre Kuala Lumpur Hospital Ministry of Health Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Purpose: To compare the complication rates arising from surgical removal of lower third molars (L3M) under general anaesthesia (GA) versus local anaesthesia (LA) in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Department, Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail (HSNI), Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective clinical audit of patients who underwent L3M removal under LA or GA from 1/1/2013 to 31/3/2018, with recorded complications such as surgical site infection (SSI), wound breakdown, severe pain, trismus, retained tooth structure, nerve injury and dry socket evaluated at different time intervals. Results: A total of 313 patients with 375 L3M were included in this study (male: 160, 51.1%;female: 153, 48.9%) with an age range of 18 to 40 years (mean = 27.43 years). 79 L3M were removed under GA (34.2% were classified as mild;65.8% were moderate), whereas 296 L3M were removed under LA, (31.4% were mild impaction, 63.9% moderate and 4.7% severe. Preoperative antibiotics were given before all L3M removal under GA, while only 23 out of 296 L3M removal under LA had antibiotics. 15.2% of L3M removal under GA and 16.6% of those done under LA were associated with complications. Generally, patient with GA had lesser complications;however only SSI outcome was significant (p = 0.034). Conclusion: L3M removal under LA may have a higher risk of SSI when compared to GA. This raises the possibility that a single prophylactic antibiotic dose may prevent SSI in LA procedures.

关键词： Lower Third Molar Complication Local Anaesthesia General Anaesthesia

Erratum to “Wisdom Tooth Surgery Complications—Local Anaesthesia versus General Anaesthesia”, [Open Journal of Stomatology, 9 (2019) 51-63]

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2020年第3期10卷 38-40页

The original online version of this article (Hui Woon Lim (2019) Wisdom Tooth Surgery Complications-Local Anaesthesia versus General Anaesthesia. Volume 9, 51-63. doi:10.4236/ojst.2019.93006) needs some further amendm... 详细信息

关键词： erratum

A review of neural networks in plant disease detection using hyperspectral data

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第3期5卷 354-371页

作者： Kamlesh Golhani Siva K.balasundram Ganesan Vadamalai Biswajeet Pradhan Department of Agriculture Technology Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Plant Protection Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia School of Systems Management and LeadershipFaculty of Engineering and ITUniversity of Technology SydneyBroadwayNSW 2007Australia

This paper reviews advanced Neural Network(NN)techniques available to process hyperspectral data,with a special emphasis on plant disease ***,we provide a review on NN mechanism,types,models,and classifiers that use different algorithms to process hyperspectral *** we highlight the current state of imaging and nonimaging hyperspectral data for early disease *** hybridization of NNhyperspectral approach has emerged as a powerful tool for disease detection and *** Disease Index(SDI)is the ratio of different spectral bands of pure disease ***,we introduce NN techniques for rapid development of *** also highlight current challenges and future trends of hyperspectral data.

关键词： spectral neural networks

Evaluating system of rice intensification using a modified transplanter:A smart farming solution toward sustainability of paddy fields in Malaysia

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第2期12卷 54-67页

作者： Redmond R.Shamshiri Bala Ibrahim Siva K.balasundram Sima Taheri Cornelia Weltzien Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Max-Eyth-Allee 10014469 Potsdam-BornimGermany Smart Farming Technology Research Center Department of Agricultural and Biological EnginieeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia Department of Agriculture Technology Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia Centre of Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture(CEBAR) University of Malaya50603Kuala LumpurMalaysia Agromechatronics Institute of Machine Design and SystemsTechnische Universitaet BerlinGermany

This paper presents the study reports on evaluating a new transplanting operation by taking into accounts the interactions between soil,plant,and machine in line with the System of Rice Intensification(SRI)*** objective was to modify planting claw(kuku-kambing)of a paddy transplanter in compliance with SRI guidelines to determine the best planting spacing(S),seed rate(G)and planting pattern that results in a maximum number of seedling,tillers per hill,and *** separate experiments were carried out in two different paddy fields,one to determine the best planting spacing(S=4 levels:s_(1)=0.16 m×0.3 m,s_(2)=0.18 m×0.3 m,s_(3)=0.21 m×0.3 m,and s_(4)=0.24 m×0.3 m)for a specific planting pattern(row mat or scattered planting pattern),and the other to determine the best combination of spacing with seed rate treatments(G=2 levels:g1=75 g/tray,and g2=240 g/tray).Main SRI management practices such as soil characteristics of the sites,planting depth,missing hill,hill population,the number of seedling per hill,and yield components were *** of two-way analysis of variance with three replications showed that spacing,planting pattern and seed rate affected the number of one-seedling in all *** was also observed that the increase in spacing resulted in more tillers and more panicle per plant,however hill population and sterility ratio increased with the decrease in *** the maximum number of panicles were resulted from scattered planting at s_(4)=0.24 m×0.3 m spacing with the seed rate of g1=75 g/tray,the maximum number of one seedling were observed at s_(4)=0.16 m×0.3 *** highest and lowest yields were obtained from 75 g seeds per tray scattered and 70 g seeds per tray scattered treatment *** all treatments,the result clearly indicates an increase in yield with an increase in spacing.

关键词： system of rice intensification sustainable cultivation smart farming modified transplanter paddy fields Malaysia

Comparison between Multi-Layer Perceptron and Radial Basis Function Networks for Sediment Load Estimation in a Tropical Watershed

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第10期4卷 870-876页

作者： Hadi Memarian Siva Kumar balasundram Department of Agriculture Technology Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia Department of Land Management Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia

Prediction of highly non-linear behavior of suspended sediment flow in rivers has prime importance in environmental studies and watershed management. In this study, the predictive performance of two Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), namely Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) were compared. Time series data of daily suspended sediment discharge and water discharge at the Langat River, Malaysia were used for training and testing the networks. Mean Square Error (MSE), Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) and correlation coefficient (r) were used for performance evaluation of the models. Using the testing data set, both models produced a similar level of robustness in sediment load simulation. The MLP network model showed a slightly better output than the RBF network model in predicting suspended sediment discharge, especially in the training process. However, both ANNs showed a weak robustness in estimating large magnitudes of sediment load.

关键词： Sediment Load Neural Network MLP RBF Hulu Langat Watershed

Simulation software and virtual environments for acceleration of agricultural robotics:Features highlights and performance comparison

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第4期11卷 15-31页

作者： Redmond Ramin Shamshiri Ibrahim A.Hameed Lenka Pitonakova Cornelia Weltzien Siva K.balasundram Ian J.Yule Tony E.Grift Girish Chowdhary Department of Agriculture Technology Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia Dept.of ICT and Natural Sciences Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Larsgårdsveien 2NO-6009ÅlesundNorway Department of Computer Science University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Max-Eyth-Allee 10014469 Potsdam-BornimGermany New Zealand Centre for Precision Agriculture(NZCPA) School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPrivate Bag 11222Palmerston North 4442New Zealand Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue UrbanaIL 61801USA

Research efforts for development of agricultural robots that can effectively perform tedious field tasks have grown significantly in the past *** robots are complex systems that require interdisciplinary collaborations between different research groups for effective task delivery in unstructured crops and plants *** the exception of milking robots,the extensive research works that have been carried out in the past two decades for adaptation of robotics in agriculture have not yielded a commercial product to *** accelerate this pace,simulation approach and evaluation methods in virtual environments can provide an affordable and reliable framework for experimenting with different sensing and acting mechanisms in order to verify the performance functionality of the robot in dynamic *** paper reviews several professional simulators and custom-built virtual environments that have been used for agricultural robotic *** key features and performance efficiency of three selected simulators were also compared.A simulation case study was demonstrated to highlight some of the powerful functionalities of the Virtual Robot Experimentation *** of the objects and scenes were presented as the proof-of-concept for using a completely simulated robotic platform and sensing systems in a virtual citrus *** was shown that the simulated workspace can provide a configurable and modular prototype robotic system that is capable of adapting to several field conditions and tasks through easy testing and debugging of control algorithms with zero damage risk to the real robot and to the actual *** review suggests that an open-source software platform for agricultural robotics will significantly accelerate effective collaborations between different research groups for sharing existing workspaces,algorithms,and reusing the materials.

关键词： agricultural robotics precision agriculture virtual orchards digital agriculture simulation software multi-robots

Research and development in agricultural robotics:A perspective of digital farming

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第4期11卷 1-14页

作者： Redmond Ramin Shamshiri Cornelia Weltzien Ibrahim A.Hameed Ian J.Yule Tony E.Grift Siva K.balasundram Lenka Pitonakova Desa Ahmad Girish Chowdhary Department of Agriculture Technology Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Max-Eyth-Allee 10014469 Potsdam-BornimGermany Dept.of ICT and Natural Sciences Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Larsgårdsveien 2NO-6009ÅlesundNorway New Zealand Centre for Precision Agriculture(NZCPA) School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPrivate Bag 11222Palmerston North 4442New Zealand Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue UrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Computer Science University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Digital farming is the practice of modern technologies such as sensors,robotics,and data analysis for shifting from tedious operations to continuously automated *** paper reviews some of the latest achievements in agricultural robotics,specifically those that are used for autonomous weed control,field scouting,and *** identification,task planning algorithms,digitalization and optimization of sensors are highlighted as some of the facing challenges in the context of digital *** concepts of multi-robots,human-robot collaboration,and environment reconstruction from aerial images and ground-based sensors for the creation of virtual farms were highlighted as some of the gateways of digital *** was shown that one of the trends and research focuses in agricultural field robotics is towards building a swarm of small scale robots and drones that collaborate together to optimize farming inputs and reveal denied or concealed *** the case of robotic harvesting,an autonomous framework with several simple axis manipulators can be faster and more efficient than the currently adapted professional expensive *** robots are becoming the inseparable parts of the modern farms,our conclusion is that it is not realistic to expect an entirely automated farming system in the future.

关键词： agricultural robotics precision agriculture virtual orchards digital agriculture simulation software multi-robots