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Reliable Wireless Communication for Medical Devices Using Turbo Convolution Code

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2010年第8期3卷 703-710页

作者： Debasish Bera Tapas Chakravarty saswat chakrabarti 不详

Wireless technology is now being used to bring significantly innovative products and services in the healthcare sector, enabling new medical sensors, and treatment methods. In this paper, a new and improved communication system for communicating signals among different medical devices and a console is presented. Considering the need for very high degree of functional reliability of communication link in RF challenged environment (indoor), a novel algorithm called bi-directional “Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA)” decoding for double-binary Circular Recursive Systematic Convolutional (CRSC) turbo codes is presented. The bi-directional SOVA is considered in view of its better performance and implementation complexity trade-off. The basic SOVA has been described for binary turbo code. We have extended it for double binary case, which is useful for high data rate healthcare applications using real time streaming data. Necessary changes in basic message passing equations for double-binary case have been introduced. Coding gain can be used to increase the robustness and immunity to interference. Decoding of CRSC codes requires a prologue decoder, prior to the actual trellis decoding, to estimate the initial state. Efficient determination of circulation state through prologue decoding has helped in achieving impressive error performance for CRSC codes. The issues related to digital implementation of turbo encoder/decoder and their effects on error performance have also been discussed. Adequate simulation results have been included.

关键词： CRSC FPGA SOVA Turbo Code Reliable Communication

An Improved Analytical Model for IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function under Finite Load

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2009年第3期2卷 237-247页

作者： Rama Krishna CHALLA saswat chakrabarti Debasish DATTA Department of Computer Science National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research Chandigarh India Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India G. S. Sanyal School of Telecommunications Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India

In this paper, an improved analytical model for IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) under finite load is proposed by closely following the specifications given in IEEE 802.11 standard. The model is investigated in terms of channel throughput under perfect and slow Rayleigh fading channels. It is shown that the proposed model gives better insight into the operation of DCF.

关键词： IEEE 802.11 Markov DCF Wireless LANs Backoff Perfect Channel Rayleigh Fading Channel Saturation Finite Load Throughput

Digital psychiatry in low-and-middle-income countries:New developments and the way forward

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 350-361页

作者： Subho chakrabarti Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012UTIndia

Low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)bear the greater share of the global mental health burden but are ill-equipped to deal with it because of severe resource constraints leading to a large treatment *** remote provision of mental health services by digital means can effectively augment conventional services in LMICs to reduce the treatment *** psychiatry in LMICs has always lagged behind high-income countries,but there have been encouraging developments in the last *** is increasing research on the efficacy of digital psychiatric ***,the evidence is not adequate to conclude that digital psychiatric interventions are invariably effective in LMICs.A striking development has been the rise in mobile and smartphone ownership in LMICs,which has driven the increasing use of mobile technologies to deliver mental health *** innovative use of mobile technologies has been to optimize task-shifting,which involves delivering mental healthcare services in community settings using non-specialist health *** evidence from LMICs shows that it is possible to use digital tools to train non-specialist workers effectively and ensure that the psychosocial interventions they deliver are *** these promising developments,many barriers such as service costs,underdeveloped infrastructure,lack of trained professionals,and significant disparities in access to digital services impede the progress of digital psychiatry in *** overcome these barriers,digital psychiatric services in LMICs should address contextual factors influencing the delivery of digital services,ensure collaboration between different stakeholders,and focus on reducing the digital divide.

关键词： Digital psychiatry Low-and middle-income countries Developments Mental health

Study of Secondary Cosmic Rays and Astronomical X-Ray Sources using Small Stratospheric Balloons

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 94-109页

作者： Rupnath Sikdar Sandip K.chakrabarti Debashis Bhowmick Indian Centre for Space Physics 466BarakholaSingabari RoadNetai NagarKolkata700099West BengalIndia

The X-ray sources of the universe are extraterrestrial in nature which emit X-ray *** closest strong X-ray source is the Sun,which is followed by various compact sources such as neutron stars,black holes,the Crab pulsar,*** this paper,we analyze the data received from several low-cost lightweight meteorological balloon-borne missions launched by the Indian Centre for Space *** main interest is to study the variation of the vertical intensity of secondary cosmic rays,the detection of strong X-ray sources,and their spectra in the energy band of^(1)0–80 keV during the complete *** to the lack of an onboard pointing system,low exposure time,achieving a maximum altitude of only~42 km,and freely rotating the payload about its axis,we modeled the background radiation flux for the X-ray detector using physical *** also present the source detection method,observation of the pulsation of the Crab(^(3)3 Hz),and spectra of some sources such as the quiet Sun and the Crab pulsar.

关键词： X-rays:stars balloons instrumentation:detectors

Cardiac resident macrophages: Spatiotemporal distribution, development, physiological functions, and their translational potential on cardiac diseases

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1483-1493页

作者： Jing Jin Yurou Wang Yueqin Liu Subrata chakrabarti Zhaoliang Su International Genome Center Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Institute for Medical Immunology Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Center Laboratory the Fourth People's Hospital of ZhenjiangZhenjiang 212008China Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Western UniversityLondonOntario N6A 5C1Canada

Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are the main population of cardiac immune cells. The role of these cells in regeneration, functional remodeling, and repair after cardiac injury is always the focus of research. However, in recent years, their dynamic changes and contributions in physiological states have a significant attention. CRMs have specific phenotypes and functions in different cardiac chambers or locations of the heart and at different stages. They further show specific differentiation and development processes. The present review will summarize the new progress about the spatiotemporal distribution, potential developmental regulation, and their roles in cardiac development and aging as well as the translational potential of CRMs on cardiac diseases. Of course, the research tools for CRMs, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and key issues on CRMs will further be discussed.

关键词： Cardiac resident macrophages Spatiotemporal distribution Cardiac development Cardiac homeostasis Physiological functions Research tools Clinical translation Transcriptional characteristics

Hydro-chemical study of the evolution of interstellar pre-biotic molecules during the collapse of molecular clouds

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第12期12卷 1613-1624页

作者： Liton Majumdar Ankan Das Sandip K. chakrabarti Sonali chakrabarti Indian Centre for Space Physics Chalantika 43Garia Station RoadKolkata-700084India S.N.Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Salt LakeKolkata-700098India Maharaja Manindra Chandra College 20 Ramakanto Bose StreetKolkata-700003India

One of the stumbling blocks for studying the evolution of interstellar molecules is the lack of adequate knowledge about the rate coefficients of various reactions which take place in the interstellar medium and molecular *** theoretical models of rate coefficients do exist in the literature for computing abundances of complex pre-biotic *** far these have been used to study the abundances of these molecules in ***,in order to obtain more accurate final compositions in these media,we have calculated the rate coefficients for the formation of some of the most important interstellar pre-biotic molecules by using quantum chemical *** use these rates inside our hydro-chemical model to examine the chemical evolution and final abundances of pre-biotic species during the collapsing phase of a *** find that a significant amount of various pre-biotic molecules could be produced during the collapse phase of a *** thoroughly study the formation of these molecules via successive neutral-neutral and radical-radical/radicalmolecular *** present the time evolution of the chemical species with an emphasis on how the production of these molecules varies with the depth of a cloud. We compare the formation of adenine in interstellar space using our rate-coefficients and using those obtained from existing theoretical *** routes of the pre-biotic molecules are found to be highly dependent on the abundances of the reactive species and the rate coefficients involved in the *** presence of grains strongly affects the abundances of the gas phase *** also carry out a comparative study between different pathways available for the synthesis of adenine,alanine, glycine and other molecules considered in our *** the huge abundances of the neutral reactive species,production of adenine is found to be strongly dominated by the radical-radical/radical-molecular reaction *** all the reactio

关键词： ISM clouds-astrochemistry-stars formation

Bipolar disorder in the International Classification of Diseases-Eleventh version:A review of the changes,their basis,and usefulness

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第12期12卷 1335-1355页

作者： Subho chakrabarti Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research(PGIMER)Chandigarh 160012UTIndia

The World Health Organization’s 11^(th)revision of the International Classification of Diseases(ICD-11)including the chapter on mental disorders has come into effect this *** review focuses on the“Bipolar or Related Disorders”section of the ICD-11 *** describes the benchmarks for the new version,particularly the foremost principle of clinical *** alterations made to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder(BD)are evaluated on their scientific basis and clinical *** change in the diagnostic requirements for manic and hypomanic episodes has been much *** the current criteria have achieved an optimum balance between sensitivity and specificity is still not *** ICD-11 definition of depressive episodes is substantially different,but the lack of empirical support for the changes has meant that the reliability and utility of bipolar depression are relatively *** the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,5th edition(DSM-5),the ICD-11 has retained the category of mixed *** the concept of mixed episodes in the ICD-11 is not perfect,it appears to be more inclusive than the DSM-5 ***,there are some uncertainties about the guidelines for the subtypes of BD and cyclothymic *** initial results on the reliability and clinical utility of BD are promising,but the newly created diagnostic categories also appear to have some *** further improvement and research are needed,the focus should now be on facing the challenges of implementation,dissemination,and education and training in the use of these guidelines.

关键词： ICD-11 guidelines Bipolar disorder Utility Reliability

Clozapine resistant schizophrenia:Newer avenues of management

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第8期11卷 429-448页

作者： Subho chakrabarti Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012India

About 40%-70%of the patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia have a poor response to adequate treatment with *** impact of clozapineresistant schizophrenia(CRS)is even greater than that of treatment resistance in terms of severe and persistent symptoms,relapses and hospitalizations,poorer quality of life,and healthcare *** serious consequences often compel clinicians to try different augmentation strategies to enhance the inadequate clozapine response in ***,a large body of evidence has shown that antipsychotics,antidepressants,mood stabilizers,electroconvulsive therapy,and cognitive-behavioural therapy are mostly ineffective in augmenting clozapine *** beneficial effects of augmentation have been found,they are usually small and of doubtful clinical significance or based on low-quality ***,newer treatment approaches that go beyond the evidence are *** options proposed include developing a clinical consensus about the augmentation strategies that are most likely to be effective and using them sequentially in patients with ***,newer approaches such as augmentation with long-acting antipsychotic injections or multi-component psychosocial interventions could be ***,perhaps the most effective way to deal with CRS would be to optimize clozapine treatment,which might prevent clozapine resistance from *** dosing,adequate treatment durations,management of side effects and non-adherence,collaboration with patients and caregivers,and addressing clinician barriers to clozapine use are the principal ways of ensuring optimal clozapine *** present,these three options could the best way to manage CRS until research provides more firm directions about the effective options for augmenting clozapine response.

关键词： Clozapine-resistance Augmentation Medications Electroconvulsive therapy Psychosocial treatments Schizophrenia

Treatment alliance and adherence in bipolar disorder

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2018年第5期8卷 114-124页

作者： Subho chakrabarti Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)

The clinician patient relationship lies at the core of psychiatric practice and delivery of mental health care services. The concept of treatment alliance in psychiatry has its origins in psychotherapy, but has also been influenced by several other constructs such as patientcentred care(PCC) and shared decision-making(SDM). Similarly, there has been a shift in conceptualization of treatment-adherence in psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder(BD) from illness-centred and clinician-centred approaches to patient-centred ones. Moreover, the traditional compliance based models are being replaced by those based on concordance between clinicians and patients. Newer theories of adherence in BD place considerable emphasis on patient related factors and the clinician patient alliance is considered to be one of the principal determinants of treatment-adherence in BD. Likewise, current notions of treatment alliance in BD also stress the importance of equal and collaborative relationships, sensitivity to patients' viewpoints, sharing of knowledge, and mutual responsibility and agreement regarding decisions related to treatment. Accumulated evidence from quantitative research, descriptive accounts, qualitative studies and trials of psychosocial interventions indicates that efficacious treatment alliances have a positive influence on adherence in BD. Then again, research on the alliance-adherence link in BD lags behind the existing literature on the subject in other medical and psychiatric conditions in terms of the size and quality of the evidence, the consistency of its findings and clarity about underlying processes mediating this link. Nevertheless, the elements of an effective alliance which could have a positive impact on adherence in BD are reasonably clear and include PCC, collaborative relationships, SDM, open communication, trust, support, and stability and continuity of the relationship. Therefore, clinicians involved in the care of BD would do well to follow

关键词： Treatment Alliance Adherence Bipolar disorder Components Mediators