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Outcomes and efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging-compatible sacral nerve stimulator for management of fecal incontinence: A multi-institutional study

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第2期16卷 32-39页

作者： Binit katuwal Amy Thorsen kunal kochar Ryba Bhullar Ray king Ernesto Raul Drelichman Vijay k Mittal Jasneet singh Bhullar Department of Surgery Ascension Providence HospitalMichigan State University College of Human MedicineSouthfieldMI 48075United States Department of Colon and Rectal surgery Alina Health Abbott Northwestern HospitalMinneapolisMN 55407United States Colon and Rectal Surgery Advocate Illinois MasonicPark RidgeIL 60068United States Volunteer Student Department of ResearchAscension Providence HospitalSouthfieldMI 48075United States Colon and Rectal Surgery University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53715United States General and Colorectal Surgery Ascension Providence HospitalMichigan State University College of Human MedicineSouthfieldMI 48075United States Department of Surgery Department of Medical EducationAscension Providence HospitalMichigan State University College of Human MedicineSouthfieldMI 48075United States

BACkGROUND Fecal incontinence(FI)is an involuntary passage of fecal matter which can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of *** modalities of treatment exist for *** nerve stimulation is a well-established treatment for *** the increased need of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for diagnostics,the In-terStim which was previously used in sacral nerve stimulation was limited by MRI *** MRI-compatible InterStim was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in August 2020 and has been widely *** To evaluate the efficacy,outcomes and complications of the MRI-compatible *** Data of patients who underwent MRI-compatible Medtronic InterStim placement at UPMC Williamsport,University of Minnesota,Advocate Lutheran General Hospital,and University of Wisconsin-Madison was pooled and *** demographics,clinical features,surgical techniques,complications,and outcomes were *** the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology(STROBE)cross-sectional reporting guidelines were *** Seventy-three patients had the InterStim *** mean age was 63.29±12.2 ***-seven(78.1%)patients were females and forty-two(57.5%)patients had *** addition to incontinence,overlapping symptoms included diarrhea(23.3%),fecal urgency(58.9%),and urinary incontinence(28.8%).Fifteen(20.5%)patients underwent Peripheral Nerve Evaluation before proceeding to definite implant ***-two(43.8%)patients underwent rechargeable InterStim ***(4.1%)patients needed removal of the *** of the external lead connection was observed in 7(9.6%)patients after the stage I *** explanation for one patient was due to ***(9.6%)patients had other complications like nerve pain,hematoma,infection,lead fracture,and *** mean follow-up was 6.62±3.5 ***-eight(93.2%)patients reported significant improvement of symptoms on

关键词： Fecal incontinence Sacral nerve stimulation InterStim Magnetic resonance imaging Sacral neuromodulation

Evaluating Privacy Leakage and Memorization Attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) in Generative AI Applications

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 421-447页

作者： Harshvardhan Aditya Siddansh Chawla Gunika Dhingra Parijat Rai Saumil Sood Tanmay singh Zeba Mohsin Wase Arshdeep Bahga Vijay k. Madisetti School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and other confidential or protected information that may have been memorized during training, specifically during a fine-tuning or customization process. We describe different black-box attacks from potential adversaries and study their impact on the amount and type of information that may be recovered from commonly used and deployed LLMs. Our research investigates the relationship between PII leakage, memorization, and factors such as model size, architecture, and the nature of attacks employed. The study utilizes two broad categories of attacks: PII leakage-focused attacks (auto-completion and extraction attacks) and memorization-focused attacks (various membership inference attacks). The findings from these investigations are quantified using an array of evaluative metrics, providing a detailed understanding of LLM vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of different attacks.

关键词： Large Language Models PII Leakage Privacy Memorization Overfitting Membership Inference Attack (MIA)

Retinal nerve fiber layer changes based on historic CD4 nadir among HIV positive patients undergoing glaucoma evaluation

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第5期12卷 789-794页

作者： Sarah H.Van Tassel Paul Petrakos Elizabeth Marlow Elizabeth Mauer Harjot k.singh Anna M.Demetriades Department of Ophthalmology Weill Cornell Medicine Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department of Healthcare Policy & ResearchWeill Cornell Medicine Division of Infectious Disease New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medicine

AIM: To determine relationships between retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness and nadir CD4 cell count in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) positive patients evaluated for glaucoma ***: Data were reviewed for 329 HIV positive patients evaluated for glaucoma suspicion. High-definition optical coherence tomography(OCT) RNFL measurements were obtained at least 6 mo apart. Analyses were performed to identify relationships between nadir CD4 count and RNFL ***: Totally 110 eyes of 55 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 46 eyes were from subjects with nadir CD4ker superior(119.7±18.6 μm) and temporal(63.8±11.7 μm) quadrants at time of initial OCT compared to the superior(112.8±16.8 μm, P=0.048) and temporal(57.1±11.9 μm, P=0.004) quadrants of patients with higher nadir CD4. This trend toward thicker RNFL among subjects with lower nadir CD4 cell counts persisted at the time of follow up OCT where participants with nadir CD4kness in the superior and temporal quadrants of 117.9±18.3 μm and 63.8±12.8 μm, respectively, compared to a superior thickness of 110.5±16.9 μm(P=0.034) and temporal thickness of 57.3±11.6 μm(P=0.007) among those with higher nadir CD4. CONCLUSION: Patients with lower nadir CD4 cell counts have thicker RNFL in the superior and temporal quadrants compared to those with higher nadir CD4 counts. RNFL thickness in HIV positive patients may be affected by historic HIV disease control and should be considered when evaluating HIV positive patients for glaucoma.

关键词： glaucoma glaucoma suspect human immunodeficiency virus retinal nerve fiber layer

Molecular Docking of Bacosides with Tryptophan Hydroxylase:A Model to Understand the Bacosides Mechanism

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2014年第4期4卷 251-255页

作者： David Mary Rajathei Jayakumar Preethi Hemant k.singh koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan Department of Bioinformtics Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024India Department of Animal Science School of Life SciencesBharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli 620024India Laboratories of CNS Disorder Learning&MemoryDivision of PharmacologyCentral Drug Research InstituteLucknow 226031India

Tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH)catalyses L-tryptophan into 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan,which is the first and ratelimiting step of serotonin(5-HT)***,we found that TPH2 up-regulated in the hippocampus of postnatal rats after the oral treatment of Bacopa monniera leaf extract containing the active compound ***,the knowledge about the interactions between bacosides with TPH is *** this study,we take advantage of in silico approach to understand the interaction of bacoside-TPH complex using three different docking algorithms such as HexDock,PatchDock and *** these three algorithms showed that bacoside A and A3 well fit into the cavity consists of active ***,our analysis revealed that major active compounds bacoside A3 and A interact with different residues of TPH through hydrogen ***,Tyr235,Thr265 and Glu317 are the key residues among them,but none of them are either at tryptophan or BH4 binding ***,its note worthy to mention that Tyr 235 is a catalytic sensitive residue,Thr265 is present in the flexible loop region and Glu317 is known to interacts with *** with these residues may critically regulate TPH function and thus serotonin *** study suggested that the interaction of bacosides(A3/A)with TPH might up-regulate its activity to elevate the biosynthesis of 5-HT,thereby enhances learning and memory formation.

关键词： Serotonin Tryptophan hydroxylase Bacosides Docking

Bacterial diacetyl suppresses abiotic stress-induced senescence in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第6期64卷 1135-1139页

作者： Sunil k.singh Yazhou Sun Yu Yang Ziwei Zuo Xiaoxuan Wu Chuyang Shao Li Peng Paul W.Paré Huiming Zhang Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciencesthe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbock 79409TexasUSA

Premature plant senescence induced by abiotic stresses is a major cause of agricultural losses worldwide. Tools for suppressing stress-induced plant senescence are limited. Here, we report that diacetyl, a natural compound emitted by the plantbeneficial bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,suppresses abscisic acid-mediated foliar senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana under various abiotic stress conditions. Our results establish diacetyl as an effective protector against stressinduced plant senescence and reveal a molecular mechanism for bacteria-enhanced plant stress resistance.

关键词： ABA diacetyl microbial volatile leaf senescence

Genetic sources and loci for wheat head blast resistance identified by genome-wide association analysis

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The Crop Journal 2022年第3期10卷 793-801页

作者： Lei Wu Xinyao He Muhammad Rezaul kabir krishna kRoy Md.Babul Anwar Felix Marza Yi He Peng Jiang Xu Zhang Pawan k.singh CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014JiangsuChina International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) ApdoPostal 6-64106600 Mexico D.F.Mexico Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute(BWMRI) NashipurDinajpur 5200Bangladesh Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria y Forestal(INIAF) La PazBolivia

The emergence and spread of wheat blast caused by fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum is a threat to global wheat *** resistance level and genetic loci for blast resistance in Chinese germplasm remain unknown.A panel of 266 bread wheat accessions from China,CIMMYTMexico and other countries was screened for head blast resistance under 12 field experiments in Bolivia and ***,a genome-wide association study was performed to understand the genetic basis of wheat blast *** average blast index of all the accessions was 53.7%±12.7%,and 10 accessions including Chinese accessions Yumai 10 and Yu 02321 showed moderate to high levels of blast resistance,accounting for only 3.8%in the ***-eight significant SNPs clustered in a 28.9 Mb interval on the 2 AS/2 NS translocation region,explaining phenotypic variation between10.0%and 35.0%.The frequency of the 2 AS/2 NS translocation in the Chinese accessions was as low as4.5%.These results indicated that the 2 NS fragment was the only major locus conferring resistance to wheat blast in this panel,and the resistant and moderately resistant lines identified could be deployed in breeding.

关键词： Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum Host resistance Wheat blast GWAS

Impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on COVID-19 hospitalizations:A propensity-matched analysis of the United States

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第1期13卷 51-60页

作者： Abdullah Sohail Hassam Ali Pratik Patel Subanandhini Subramanium Dushyant singh Dahiya Amir H Sohail Manesh kumar Gangwani Sanjaya k Satapathy Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of MedicineIowaIA 52242United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Gastroenterology Mather Hospital/Hofstra University Zucker School of MedicineNY11777United States Department of Internal Medicine East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of Surgery University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Internal Medicine The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States Section on Gastroenterology and Hepatology North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical CenterManhassetNY 11030United States

BACkGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),formally known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,is the most common chronic liver disease in the United *** with MASLD have been reported to be at a higher risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and ***,most studies are single-center studies,and nationwide data in the AIM To study the influence of MASLD on COVID-19 hospitalizations during the initial phase of the *** We retrospectively analyzed the 2020 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database to identify primary COVID-19 hospitalizations based on an underlying diagnosis of MASLD.A matched comparison cohort of COVID-19 hospit-alizations without MASLD was identified from NIS after 1:N propensity score matching based on gender,race,and comorbidities,including hypertension,heart failure,diabetes,and *** primary outcomes included inpatient mortality,length of stay,and hospitalization *** outcomes included the prevalence of systemic *** A total of 2210 hospitalizations with MASLD were matched to 2210 hospitalizations without MASLD,with a good comorbidity ***,there was a higher prevalence of severe disease with more intensive care unit admissions(9.5%vs 7.2%,P=0.007),mechanical ventilation(7.2%vs 5.7%,P=0.03),and septic shock(5.2%vs 2.7%,P<0.001)in the MASLD cohort than in the non-MASLD ***,there was no difference in mortality(8.6%vs 10%,P=0.49),length of stay(5 d vs 5 d,P=0.25),and hospitalization costs(42081.5$vs 38614$,P=0.15)between the MASLD and non-MASLD *** The presence of MAFLD with or without liver cirrhosis was not associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 hospitalizations;however,there was an increased incidence of severe COVID-19 *** data(2020)predates the availability of COVID-19 vaccines,and many MASLD patients have since been *** will be interesting to see if these trends are

关键词： COVID-19 Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Prevalence Hospital charges Inpatient resource utilization

Precision phenotyping of contrasting potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties in a novel aeroponics system for improving nitrogen use efficiency: In search of key traits and genes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 51-61页

作者： Jagesh k.TIWARI Sapna DEVI Tanuja BUCkSETH Nilofer ALI Rajesh k.singh Rasna ZINTA Vijay k.DUA Swarup k.CHAkRABARTI Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute

With increasing population, degrading soil health, limited arable land area, and high cost of nitrogen(N) fertilizers, improving nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of potato is an inevitable approach to save the environment and achieve sufficient tuber yields with less N fertilizer supply. Recently, we have developed an aeroponics system to study NUE in potato using genomics, physiology, and breeding approaches. This study aims on precision phenotyping of plants of two distinct potato varieties(kufri Gaurav, N efficient;kufri Jyoti, N inefficient) in the novel aeroponics system. Plants were grown in aeroponics under controlled conditions with low N(0.75 mmol L^-1NO3^-) and high N(7.5 mmol L^-1NO3^-) levels. Plant biomass, root traits, total chlorophyll content, and plant N were increased with increasing N supply, whereas higher NUE parameters namely NUE, agronomic NUE(Ag NUE), N uptake efficiency(NUp E), harvest index(HI), and N harvest index(NHI) were observed at low N. An NUE efficient cv. kufri Gaurav showed higher tuber dry weight, fresh tuber yield, tuber number per plant, early start of tuber harvesting, root traits, stolon traits, NUE parameters, and higher amino acid(aspartic acid and asparagine) content at low N supply. Higher expression of nitrate reductase(NR), nitrite reductase(NIR), and asparagine synthetase(AS) genes was observed in the leaf tissues of kufri Gaurav at high N. Thus, aeroponics-based precision phenotyping enables identification of NUE efficient genotypes based on key traits and genes involved in improving NUE in potato. Further, this study suggests that the potential of aeroponics can be utilized to investigate N biology in potato under different N regimes.

关键词： aeroponics precision phenotyping potato nitrogen use efficiency

Field study results of a 3rd generation roof bolter canopy air curtain for respirable coal mine dust control

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第1期7卷 79-87页

作者： W.R.Reed M.Shahan S.klima G.Ross k.singh R.Cross T.Grounds NIOSH PittsburghPA.USA J.H.Fletcher&Co. Huntington WVUSA Prairie State Generating Company LLC Lively GroveILUSA

A 3rd generation roof bolter canopy air curtain(CAC)has been developed and constructed by ***&Co.,*** with the previous generation of the CAC,this design uses the principle of providing uniform airflow across the canopy area as recommended by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and *** new modifications include a plenum that is constructed of a single flat aluminum plate,smaller-diameter airflow openings,and a single row of perimeter nozzles designed to prevent mine air contaminated by respirable dust from entering the CAC protection *** testing was conducted on this new 3rd generation design showing reductions in coal mine respirable dust exposure for roof bolter *** control efficiencies for the CAC for the left bolter operator(intake side)ranged from approximately 26%–60%,while the efficiencies for the CAC for the right bolter operator(return side)ranged from 3%to 47%.

关键词： Roof bolter Respirable dust Coal mining Canopy air curtain