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Barriers and facilitators for early and exclusive breastfeeding in health facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa:a systematic review

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 283-293页

作者： Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella sarina prasad Tamanda Hiwa Marianne Vidler Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando Queen Dube David Goldfarb Kondwani Kawaza Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Department of Pediatrics and Child Health College of MedicineUniversity of MalawiBlantyreMalawi School of Public Health and Family Medicine Department of Health Systems and PolicyCollege of MedicineUniversity of MalawiBlantyreMalawi Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital PediatricsBlantyreMalawi Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine BC Children’s and Women’s Hospital and University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

Background:Sub-Saharan Africa carries a disproportionate burden of under-five child deaths in the world and appropriate breastfeeding practices can support efforts to reduce child mortality *** facilities are important in the promotion of early and exclusive *** purpose of this review was to examine facility-based barriers and facilitators to early and exclusive breastfeeding in Sub-Saharan ***:A systematic search was conducted on Medline,Web of Science,CINAHL,African Journals Online and African Index Medicus from database inception to April 29,2021 and primary research studies on breastfeeding practices in health facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa were included in the *** assessed qualitative studies with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist and quantitative studies using the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute *** review protocol was registered to Prospero prior to conducting the review(CRD42020167414).Results:Of the 56 included studies,relatively few described health facility infrastructure and supplies-related issues(5,11%)while caregiver factors were frequently described(35,74%).Facility-based breastfeeding policies and guidelines were frequently available but challenged by implementation gaps,especially at lower health service *** included positive caregiver and health worker attitudes,knowledge and support during the postpartum *** studies have focused on caregiver factors,particularly around their knowledge and attitudes,while health facility infrastructure and supplies factors appear to be growing concerns,such as overcrowding and lack of privacy during breastfeeding counselling that lowers the openness and comfort of mothers especially those ***:There has been a dramatic rise in rates of facility births in Sub-Saharan Africa,which must be taken into account when considering the capacities of health facilities to support breastfeeding pract

关键词： Breastfeeding Breastfeeding support Barriers Facilitators Health facilities Africa south of the Sahara

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肺癌与肺结核在疾病发生与发展中相互影响的研究进展

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中国防痨杂志 2025年第1期47卷 102-111页

作者：刘瑞花萨日娜王芙蓉内蒙古自治区第四医院(内蒙古自治区胸科医院、内蒙古自治区公共卫生突发事件医疗救治中心)科研部呼和浩特010000 内蒙古自治区第四医院(内蒙古自治区胸科医院、内蒙古自治区公共卫生突发事件医疗救治中心)感染科呼和浩特010000

肺癌是我国癌症死亡的主要原因,同时,我国作为结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)感染的高发国家,拥有大量肺结核合并肺癌的患者群体。MTB感染重塑了宿主免疫系统,为肺癌的发生与发展提供了有利的微环境。目前,针对肺结核或... 详细信息

肺癌是我国癌症死亡的主要原因,同时,我国作为结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)感染的高发国家,拥有大量肺结核合并肺癌的患者群体。MTB感染重塑了宿主免疫系统,为肺癌的发生与发展提供了有利的微环境。目前,针对肺结核或肺癌的单一疗法,在肺结核合并肺癌的患者中效果有限,甚至可能相互干扰。笔者分析了MTB感染促进肺癌发生与发展的具体机制、肺癌与肺结核单独存在时的临床表现、肺结核合并肺癌患者的诊断过程,并进一步探讨了针对此类患者的综合治疗策略。

关键词：分枝杆菌,结核癌,非小细胞肺免疫综述

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Assessing the short-term impact of an insecticide （Deltamethrin） on predator and herbivore abundance in soybean Glycine max using a replicated small-plot field experiment

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 112-120页

作者： sarina Macfadyen Myron P. Zalucki School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane Queensland CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Black Mountain ACT Australia

A greater understanding of the relative impact of insecticide use on non-target species is critical for the incorporation of natural enemies into integrated pest management strategies. Here we use a small-plot field trial to examine the relative impact of an insec- ticide on herbivores and predators found in soybean （Glycine max L.）, and to highlight the issues associated with calculating impact factors from these studies. The pyrethroid insecticide （Deltamethrin） caused a significant reduction in invertebrate abundance in the treated plots, and populations did not recover to pre-treatment levels even 20 days af- ter spraying. To assess the relative impact of the spray on arthropods we first examined the mean difference in abundance in each plot before and after spraying. All herbivores decreased in abundance in the sprayed plots but increased in the control plots after spray- ing. Most predators （excluding hemipterans） showed a decrease in the control plots but a proportionally greater decrease in the sprayed plots. Next we examined the corrected per- centage population reduction calculated using Abbott＇s formula. All predators （including Araneae） experienced a greater reduction （mean 87% 4- 3.54 SE） than herbivores （mean 56% -4- 4.37 SE） and Araneae alone （mean 71% 4- 8.12 SE）. The range in values across the plots varied and made categorising overall impact subjective for some taxa. Despite the constraints associated with small-plot trials, by using a combination of impact factors and examining community-level response across time, we did get some indication of the likely impact of this insecticide if used in a commercial situation.

关键词： conservation biological control integrated pest management pesticides predators spiders

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黄石市地震台背景噪声特征分析

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地震工程学报 2025年第1期47卷 152-159页

作者：吴丽慧廖武林黎金玲包萨日娜湖北第二师范学院公共政策研究中心湖北武汉430205 湖北第二师范学院经济与管理学院湖北武汉430205 湖北省地震局湖北武汉430071 京都大学田野科学教育研究中心日本和歌山6492211

利用2018年1月—2020年3月湖北省黄石市三个地震台的垂直分量连续地震波形数据,计算新冠肺炎疫情前(2018年1月—2019年12月)和疫情防控期间(2020年1—3月)三个地震台的噪声加速度功率谱密度和概率密度函数,重点分析高频段(1~10 Hz)地震... 详细信息

利用2018年1月—2020年3月湖北省黄石市三个地震台的垂直分量连续地震波形数据,计算新冠肺炎疫情前(2018年1月—2019年12月)和疫情防控期间(2020年1—3月)三个地震台的噪声加速度功率谱密度和概率密度函数,重点分析高频段(1~10 Hz)地震背景噪声的时空变化特征。研究结果显示:(1)疫情防控期间,高频噪声加速度功率谱密度整体明显下降,特别是在春节期间。2018年和2019年春节期间短周期(~1 s)噪声幅值下降明显,而在假期结束后迅速恢复;2020年春节正值新冠疫情防控期间,噪声幅值大幅下降,并且持续保持在较低水平。(2)日变化模式改变。疫情前,地震背景噪声在白天(6:00—20:00)的功率谱密度明显高于晚上(20:00—次日6:00),中午12:00左右功率谱密度出现短时下降,夜间2:00左右出现最低值,这种变化特征与人类的作息规律一致;而在新冠疫情防控期间,噪声幅值下降且日变化不明显,表明人类活动减弱,高频噪声幅值相应变化。(3)人口密度和经济发展水平影响噪声水平。人口密度和经济发展水平较高的地区噪声水平偏高,这表明城市的人类活动和经济状况与地震背景噪声存在关联。这些研究结果对城市规划、公共管理和环境保护具有重要的参考价值,可为城市人类活动监测和公共治理提供有用信息。

关键词：地震背景噪声黄石市功率谱密度概率密度函数人类活动

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Assessing the impact of arthropod natural enemies on crop pests at the field scale

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Insect Science 2015年第1期22卷 20-34页

作者： sarina Macfadyen Andrew P. Davies Myron P. Zalucki CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Clunies Ross St Acton ACT2601 Australia CSIRO Australian Cotton Research Institute (ACRI) NarrabriNSW 2390 Austrafia School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St Lucia Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia

There are many reasons why it is important that we find ways to conserve, and better utilize natural enemies of invertebrate crop pests. Currently, measures of natural enemy impact are rarely incorporated into studies that purport to examine pest control. Most studies examine pest and natural enemy presence and/or abundance and then qualitatively infer impact. While this provides useful data to address a range of ecological questions, a measure of impact is critical for guiding pest management decision-making. Often some very simple techniques can be used to obtain an estimate of natural enemy impact. We present examples of field-based studies that have used cages, barriers to restrict natural enemy or prey movement, direct observation of natural enemy attack, and sentinel prey items to estimate mortality. The measure of natural enemy impact used in each study needs to be tailored to the needs of farmers and the specific pest problems they face. For example, the magnitude of mortality attributed to natural enemies may be less important than the timing and consistency of that mortality between seasons. Tailoring impact assessments will lead to research outcomes that do not simply provide general information about how to conserve natural enemies, but how to use these natural enemies as an integral part of decision-making.

关键词： mortality parasitism pest control predation semifield

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Costal cartilage graft in Asian rhinoplasty: surgical techniques

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第4期6卷 1-10页

作者： sarina Rajbhandari Chuan-Hsiang Kao Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Himal HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Tri-Service General HospitalTaipei 11490Taiwan.

Asian rhinoplasty is a very common cosmetic *** Asians desire a higher nasal bridge,for which they undergo several procedures,including filler injections,implantations and insertion of *** encounter many patients who have had several procedures done on them *** this paper,we introduce the use of autologous grafts for Asian rhinoplasty(primary and secondary),and discuss the rib carving techniques and difficulties encountered during harvesting,carving and placements of grafts and how to overcome these problems and prevent complications.

关键词： Rhinoplasty costal cartilage Asians warping

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The feasible application ofmicrofluidic tissue/organ-on-a-chip as an impersonator of oral tissues and organs:a direction for future research

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2023年第4期6卷 478-506页

作者： Nima Farshidfar Sahar Assar Mohammad Amin Amiri sarina Sahmeddini Shahram Hamedani Moein Zarei Lobat Tayebi Orthodontic Research Center School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control Department of Dentistry and Oral HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Student Research Committee Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Oral and Dental Disease Research Center School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science Faculty of Chemical Technology and EngineeringWest Pomeranian University of TechnologySzczecinAl.Piastow 4571-311 SzczecinPoland Marquette University School of Dentistry MilwaukeeWI 53233USA

Currently,cell culture models play a key role in determining cell behavior under various ***,the accurate simulation of cellular behavior that imitates the body’s conditions remains a ***,to overcome this obstacle,three-dimensional cell culture models have been *** tissues/organs-on-chips(TOOCs)are new devices that have provided the opportunity to culture cells in a medium that is almost similar to the physiological conditions of the *** can be designed in simple or complex models,which are mostly fabricated by soft *** novel structures have been developed to mimic the conditions of various tissues and organs;however,microfluidic models for oral and dental tissues have not yet been widely *** application of TOOCs for oral tissues/organs can provide the opportunity to study cell interactions with biomaterials used in ***,TOOCs can provide the opportunity to study the cellular interactions and developmental stages of oral tissues/organs more *** review of the current advances in the field of TOOC development for oral tissues provides a comprehensive understanding of this burgeoning concept,shows the progress and applications of these novel models in the imitation of oral tissues/organs thus far,and reveals the limitations that TOOCs ***,it suggests further perspectives for future applications.

关键词： Microfluidics Tissue-on-a-chip Organ-on-a-chip Tooth-on-a-chip Oral mucosa-on-a-chip Salivary gland-on-a-chip

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Campus Vibration in Nanwangshan Campus,China University of Geosciences at Wuhan Monitored by Short-Period Seismometers

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第5期31卷 950-956页

作者： Lihui Wu Dun Wang Ziguang Lei Jing Fu Shuai Min Xianbing Xu sarina Bao School of Management Hubei University of EducationWuhan 430205China Institute of Supply Chain Operation and Service Innovation Hubei University of EducationWuhan 430205China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of CaliforniaCA 95616USA

Continuous seismic observations can record seismic waveforms, and ambient noise, for the purposes of earthquake researches and other applications. Here we deploy three digital seismometers(EPS-2) in and around the Nanwangshan Campus of the China University of Geosciences(Wuhan). This network was running from April 9 to May 9 of 2018. During this period, the seismometers recorded the May 4, 2018 M6.9 Hawaii earthquake. From the recorded waveforms, we could observe clearly the P and S arrivals, and the corresponding particle motions. Analysis of continuous observations of ambient noise shows obvious fluctuation of vibration intensity inside of the campus. The campus is quietest from 0 to 5 am. From 5 am on, the vibration intensity increases, and reaches the peak of entire day at 12 am. The amplitude then decreases to a very low level at 19:30 to 20:00 pm, and reaches another strong noisy time at 21:00 to 21:30 pm. After 21:30 pm, the intensity goes down slowly. We also observed seismic signals that were generated by the interaction of speed-control hump cars and ground. By taking the envelope and smooth operations, we observe different characteristics for different car speeds, which suggests that seismic monitoring approaches can be used for speed measurement of cars. This kind of small seismic network running in a real time fashion, would greatly help understanding of the sources of ambient noise at high frequency bands in interested areas. Analysis of a long-term observed dataset, and real time illustration will help to strengthen campus security and high-precision laboratory deployments, and also contribute to research atmosphere in earthquake science.

关键词： ambient noise vibration intensity seismic waves seismometers human activity

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Bioactive glass selectively promotes cytotoxicity towards giant cell tumor of bone derived neoplastic stromal cells and induces MAPK signalling dependent autophagy

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第9期7卷 456-468页

作者： Joerg Fellenberg sarina Losch Burkhard Lehner Marcela Arango-Ospina Aldo RBoccaccini Fabian Westhauser Center for Orthopedics Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord InjuryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Institute of Biomaterials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergGermany

Giant cell tumors of bone(GCTB)are associated with massive bone destructions and high recurrence *** a previous study,we observed cytotoxic effects of three different compositions of bioactive glasses(BGs)towards GCTSC but not bone marrow derived stromal cells(BMSC)indicating that BGs represent promising candidates for the development of new therapeutic *** the current study we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are involved in BG induced *** observed,that BG treatment was not associated with any signs of apoptosis,but rather led to a strong induction of mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPK)and,as a consequence,upregulation of several transcription factors specifically in *** wide gene expression profiling further revealed a set of fifteen genes that were exclusively induced in GCTSC or induced significantly stronger in GCTSC compared to *** treatment further induced autophagy that was significantly more pronounced in GCTSC compared to BMSC and could be inhibited by MAPK *** with the known osteogenic properties of BGs our findings support the suitability of BGs as therapeutic agents for the treatment of ***,these data have to be verified under in vivo conditions.

关键词： Bioactive glass Giant cell tumor of bone Mesenchymal stromal cells Mitogen-activated protein kinases Cytotoxicity Autophagy

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Connecting scales： Achieving in-field pest control from areawide and landscape ecology studies

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Insect Science 2015年第1期22卷 35-51页

作者： Nancy A. Schellhorn Hazel R. Parry sarina Macfadyen Yongmo Wang Myron P. Zalucki CSlRO Agriculture Flagship Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia C SIRO Agriculture Flagship Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Collegeof Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China School of Biological Sciences TheUniversity of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia

Areawide management has a long history of achieving solutions that target pests; however, there has been little focus on the areawide management of arthropod natural enemies. Landscape ecology studies that show a positive relationship between natural enemy abundance and habitat diversity demonstrate landscape-dependent pest suppression, but have not yet clearly linked their findings to pest management or to the suite of pests associated with crops that require control. Instead the focus has often been on model systems of single pest species and their natural enemies. We suggest that management actions to capture pest control from natural enemies may be forth coming if：（i） the suite of response and predictor variables focus on pest complexes and specific management actions; （ii） the contribution of＂the landscape＂ is identified by assessing the timing and numbers of natural enemies immigrating and emigrating to and from the target crop, as well as pests; and （iii） pest control thresholds aligned with crop development stages are the benchmark to measure impact of natural enemies on pests, in turn allowing for comparison between study regions, and generalizations. To achieve pest control we will need to incorporate what has been learned from an ecological understanding of model pest and natural enemy systems and integrate areawide landscape management with in-field pest management.

关键词： ecosystem services entomophagous arthropods integrated pest management (IPM) natural enemies pest control predators and parasitoids

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