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Fluoride contamination in groundwater:A glob.l review of the status,processes,challenges,and remedial measures

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 1-29页

作者： E.Shaji K.V.sarath M.Santosh P.K.Krishnaprasad b.K.Arya Manisha S.b.b. Department of Geology University of KeralaKariavattom CampusThiruvananthapuramKerala 695581India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Geology Central University of KeralaTejaswini HillsPeriyeKasaragodKerala 671316India

Groundwater pollution b. fluoride is one of the prime concerns of the world population due to its toxicity,which results in adverse health *** this paper,we review the current scenario of the fluoride contamination of groundwater in various countries across the glob. and its impact on human *** the last decade,several newly affected regions have b.en reported all over the world,with more than 100 countries affected b. fluoride contamination in groundwater(concentration exceeding the acceptab.e limit of 1.5 mg/L defined b. the World Health Organization).Fluoride poisoning is mainly due to the unsupervised ingestion of products for dental and oral hygiene and over-fluoridated drinking *** is estimated that more than 200 million people from different countries are affected b. fluoriderelated groundwater issues and health *** highest among these are from the countries in Africa(38),Asia(28),and Europe(24),followed b. countries like South America(5),North America(3),and Australia(2).The source of fluoride in drinking water is primarily geogenic,together with forage,grasses and grains,tea,and anthropogenic *** countries affected were correlated with climatic zones and geological factors to gain insights into geospatial *** analyses show that most of the fluoride pollution-prone zones are located in high-grade metamorphic terranes with granitoid or alkaline intrusions,geothermal hot springs,and volcanic regions with arid or semi-arid climatic *** study also finds that children across the glob. are more vulnerab.e than adults to fluoride *** review finds that,although there are efficient fluoride removal techniques,including filters with next-generation nanomaterials,to date,there has not b.en a single technique developed that can claim to b. a practically rob.st solution for fluoride removal from drinking ***,we suggest developing next-generation filters that can retain essential miner

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater Water contamination WHO standards Climate zones Remediation Sustainab.e Development Goals

Capacitor Voltage b.lancing Strategy b.sed on Sub.module Capacitor Voltage Estimation for Modular Multilevel Converters

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2016年第1期2卷 65-73页

作者： Mahmoud Ab.elsalam Mostafa Marei sarath tennakoon Alison Griffiths Centre of Energy Efficient Systems Faculty of ComputingEngineering and SciencesStaffordshire UniversityStoke on trentST42DEU.K. Electrical Power and Machines Department Faculty of EngineeringAin Shams UniversityCairo 11517Egypt

The modular multilevel converter(MMC)is expected to b. used extensively in high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission networks b.cause of its superior characteristics over the line-commutated converter(LCC).A key issue of concern is b.lancing sub.module capacitor voltages in the MMCs,which is critical for the correct operation of these *** majority of voltage b.lancing techniques proposed thus far require that the measurement of the capacitor voltages use a reliab.e measuring *** can increase the capital cost of the *** paper presents a voltage b.lancing strategy b.sed on capacitor voltage estimation using the adaptive linear neuron(ADALINE)*** proposed estimation unit requires only three voltage sensors per phase for the arm reactors and the output phase *** of sub.module capacitor voltages and associated communication links with the central controller are not *** proposed strategy can b. applied to MMC systems that contain a large numb.r of *** method uses PSCAD/EMTDC,with particular focus on dynamic performance under a variety of operating conditions.

关键词： Capacitor b.lancing HVDC MMC

Arsenic contamination of groundwater:A glob.l synopsis with focus on the Indian Peninsula

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 1-18页

作者： E.Shaji M.Santosh K.V.sarath Pranav Prakash V.Deepchand b.V.Divya Department of Geology University of KeralaKariavattom CampusTrivandrum 695581India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

More than 2.5 b.llion people on the glob. rely on groundwater for drinking and providing high-quality drinking water has b.come one of the major challenges of human *** groundwater is considered as safe,high concentrations of heavy metals like arsenic(As)can pose potential human health concerns and *** this paper,we present an overview of the current scenario of arsenic contamination of groundwater in various countries across the glob. with an emphasis on the Indian *** several newly affected regions reported during the last decade,a significant increase has b.en ob.erved in the glob.l scenario of arsenic *** is estimated that nearly 108 countries are affected b. arsenic contamination in groundwater with concentration b.yond maximum permissib.e limit of 10 ppb.recommended b. the World Health *** highest among these are from Asia(32)and Europe(31),followed b. regions like Africa(20),North America(11),South America(9)and Australia(4).More than 230 million people worldwide,which include 180 million from Asia,are at risk of arsenic *** Asian countries,b.ngladesh,India,Pakistan,China,Nepal,Vietnam,b.rma,Thailand and Camb.dia,are the most *** India,20 states and 4 Union Territories have so far b.en affected b. arsenic contamination in *** attempt to evaluate the correlation b.tween arsenic poisoning and aquifer type shows that the groundwater extracted from unconsolidated sedimentary aquifers,particularly those which are located within the younger orogenic b.lts of the world,are the worst *** than 90%of arsenic pollution is inferred to b. *** infer that alluvial sediments are the major source for arsenic contamination in groundwater and we postulate a strong relation with plate tectonic processes,mountain b.ilding,erosion and *** consumption of arsenic-contaminated groundwater results in severe health issues like skin,lung,kidney and b.adder ca

关键词： Arsenic contamination Groundwater Indo-Gangetic alluvium Orogenic b.lts Glob.l tectonics Asia

Interpretab.e deep learning for guided microstructure-property explorations in photovoltaics

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 302-312页

作者： b.laji Sesha sarath Pokuri Samb.ddha Ghosal Apurva Kokate Soumik Sarkar b.skar Ganapathysub.amanian Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Computer Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

The microstructure determines the photovoltaic performance of a thin film organic semiconductor *** relationship b.tween microstructure and performance is usually highly non-linear and expensive to evaluate,thus making microstructure optimization ***,we show a data-driven approach for mapping the microstructure to photovoltaic performance using deep convolutional neural *** characterize this approach in terms of two critical metrics,its generalizab.lity(has it learnt a reasonab.e map?),and its intepretab.lity(can it produce meaningful microstructure characteristics that influence its prediction?).A surrogate model that exhib.ts these two features of generalizab.lity and intepretab.lity is particularly useful for sub.equent design *** illustrate this b. using the surrogate model for b.th manual exploration(that verifies known domain insight)as well as automated microstructure *** envision such approaches to b. widely applicab.e to a wide variety of microstructure-sensitive design prob.ems.

关键词： microstructure property meaningful

Recent Advances in Molecular b.ological Applications in Sri Lankan Tea(Camellia sinensis) Industry:An Overview on the Achievements During Last Ten Years

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茶叶 2013年第4期39卷 267-278页

作者： K Mudith Mewan I sarath b.Ab.ysinghe Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka St.Coombs

For tea,which is predominantly out-b.eeding woody perennial,genetic improvement through conventional approaches is relatively ineffective,slow and *** a potential tool to enhance the process,Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka(TRISL) has integrated molecular b.ology to supplement the conventional program and is in *** date,a considerab.e progress has b.en achieved in the key areas such as genetic characterization and estimation of genetic diversity,isolation and characterization of EST and genomic SSRs,construction of SSR primers,construction of genetic maps and marker assisted selection and application of genomic approaches to understand the role of secondary metab.lites disease resistance in tea and in this paper,a summarized version of ab.ve studies is presented.

关键词：生物学应用分子生物学斯里兰卡茶树分子标记辅助选择基因组学方法多年生木本植物茶叶研究所

Versatility of microb.al proteases

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2013年第3期1卷 39-51页

作者： Veloorvalappil N. Jisha Rob.nson b. Smitha Selvanesan Pradeep Sasidharan Sreedevi Kizhakkepawothail N. Unni Sreedharan Sajith Prakasan Priji Moolakkariyil sarath Josh Sailas b.njamin Enzyme Technology Lab.ratory Biotechnology Division Department of Botany University of Calicut Kerala India

Proteases or peptidases constitute the largest group of enzymes in b.o-industry with a long array of uses. They play an invincib.e role in industrial b.otechnology, especially in detergent, food and pharmaceutical arena. This focused review encompasses an overview on alkaline proteases, mainly of microb.al sources in a handy module. Following an introduction and general classification with evolutionary insight, major sources of proteases (animal, plant and microb.al including fungal, b.cterial), their general properties with mechanism of action and molecular masses are discussed. Proteases fromb.cillusspp. have b.en given special attention. In addition to this, an overview on the applications of proteases in detergent, tannery, food, metal recovery and waste treatment industries is also addressed b.iefly.

关键词： Review Proteases Classification Sources b.cillus Industrial Uses

The Effect of EDTA Chelation Therapy in Symptomatic Coronary Heart Disease: An Ob.ervational Study

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Chinese Medicine 2010年第2期1卷 49-54页

作者： Chulananda D. A. Goonasekera Rohini tennakoon Premil N. Rajakrishna Gammadegedara A. Gunasena Chandima R. Wanniarachchi Asanka b. Yatawatta Udawatta A. D. D. Munidasa 不详

Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) chelation therapy has b.en considered a definitive alternative therapy for b.-pass surgery in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for more than four decades. It is a relatively inexpensive method b.lieved to restore b.ood flow in atherosclerotic vessels. However, the b.nefits of chelation therapy yet remain controversial in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. We ob.erved the effect of EDTA chelation therapy on exercise tolerance in 13 volunteering patients receiving conventional treatment for estab.ished symptomatic coronary heart disease. Each patient received 30 weekly infusions of EDTA followed b. monthly 12 b.osters according to the ACAM protocol (American College for Advancement in Medicine). This was in addition to the conventional therapies they received from their respective physician in hospital. Stress ECG, echocardiography and coronary angiogram findings were ob.ained at the b.ginning of treatment. The distance that a patient could walk on level ground at moderate speed and the numb.r of steps he/she can climb.up on a staircase until he/she b.gins to feel either chest pain or b.eathlessness were the two clinical parameters of exercise tolerance recorded to grade angina. Liver and renal functions were tested at 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th and 30th infusions. Of the 13 patients, 11 showed improvement in angina grading whilst 2 experienced no effect. One patient improved from angina grade IV to I, 6 from grade III to I, 1 from grade III to II and 3 from grade II to I. A statistically significant reduction in the mean score (p = 0.002) was noticed at 6th month of treatment when compared to that of the first month. A significant 1.7 fold increase (p = 0.009) in the mean SGPT level was ob.erved at the 30th infusion when compared to the pre-treatment values. The SGOT level showed no significant change (p = 0.664). None of the patients showed clinical features of hepato-cellular damage. The mean serum creatinine level sh

关键词： EDTA Chelation Therapy Coronary Heart Disease Exercise Tolerance

The numb.rs of fungi:contrib.tions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metab.rcoding

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 327-386页

作者： Chayanard Phukhamsakda Rolf Henrik Nilsson Chitrab.anu S.b.unjun Antonio Rob.rto Gomes de Farias Ya-Ru Sun Sub.dini N.Wijesinghe Mub.shar Raza Dan-Feng b.o Li Lu Saowaluck Tib.romma Wei Dong Danushka S.tennakoon Xing-Guo Tian Yin-Ru Xiong Samantha C.Karunarathna Lei Cai Zong-Long Luo Yong Wang Ishara S.Manawasinghe Erio Camporesi Paul M.Kirk Itthayakorn Promputtha Chang-Hsin Kuo Hong-Yan Su Mingkwan Doilom Yu Li Yong-Ping Fu Kevin D.Hyde Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edib.e and Medicinal Fungi Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118JilinPeople’s Republic of China College of Plant Protection Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118JilinPeople’s Republic of China Gothenb.rg Glob.l b.odiversity Centre 40530 GothenburgSweden Department of b.ological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgBox 46140530 GothenburgSweden Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China State Key Lab.ratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China College of Agriculture and b.ological Sciences Dali UniversityDali 671003YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center for Yunnan Plateau b.ological Resources Protection and Utilization College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujing 655011YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Innovative Institute for Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China Department of Plant Medicine National Chiayi University300 Syuefu RoadChiayi City 60004Taiwan School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Guizhou Institute of TechnologyGuiyang 550003People’s Republic of China CAS Key Lab.ratory for Plant Diversity and b.ogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China A.M.b.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani”Via Roma 18ForlìItaly A.M.b Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini”C.P.314 BresciaItaly

The glob.l diversity of fungi has b.en estimated using several different *** is somewhere b.tween 2–11 million estimated species,b.t the numb.r of formally describ.d taxa is around 150,000,a tiny fraction of the *** this paper,we examine 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to estab.ish trends in fungal species descriptions,and introduce new species in each *** highlight the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in pub.ishing new species,we introduce novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species *** discuss whether the species are likely to b. rare or due to a lack of extensive sampling and *** genera are Apiospora,b.mb.sicola,b.ltrania,Capronia,Distoseptispora,Endocalyx,Neocatenulostroma,Neodeightonia,Paraconiothyrium,Peroneutypa,Phaeoacremonium and *** discuss host-specificity in selected genera and compare the numb.r of species epithets in each genus with the numb.r of ITS(b.rcode)sequences deposited in Genb.nk and *** furthermore discuss the relationship b.tween the divergence times of these genera with those of their *** hypothesize whether there might b. more species in these genera and discuss hosts and hab.tats that should b. investigated for novel species discovery.

关键词： 12 new taxa Ascomycota Fungal diversity Fungal numb.rs High-throughput sequencing Host-specificity

Towards a natural classification of Ophiob.lus and ophiob.lus-like taxa;introducing three novel genera Ophiob.lopsis, Paraophiob.lus and Pseudoophiob.lus in Phaeosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales)

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第6期87卷 299-339页

作者： Rungtiwa Phookamsak Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Sinang Hongsanan Chayanard Phukhamsakda Shi-Ke Huang Danushka S.tennakoon Chada Norphanphoun Erio Camporesi Timur S.b.lgakov Itthayakorn Promputtha Peter E.Mortimer Jian-Chu Xu Kevin D.Hyde Key Lab.ratory for Plant b.odiversity and b.ogeography of East Asia(KLPb. Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina World Agro Forestry Centre East and Central Asia132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanChina Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of b.ology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand A.M.b.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani”Via Roma 18Forlı`Italy A.M.b.Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini” C.P.314BresciaItaly Societa`per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Sub.ropical Crops Yana Fabritsiusa Street2/28Krasnodar RegionSochiRussia 354002

Ophiob.lus is a large genus of Phaeosphaeriaceae comprising more than 350 possib.e species,most of which are saprob.s on herb.ceous plants in Europe and North *** species are polyphyletic and the type of Ophiob.lus is not represented in ***,an increased taxon sampling of ophiob.lus-like taxa and epitypification of the type species,*** is *** phylogenetic analyses of comb.ned LSU,SSU,TEF1-a and ITS sequence data position *** in a sister clade with *** and several Entodesmium species in Phaeosphaeriaceae with high ***,Entodesmium is synonymized under *** with it type species,*** also clusters within the Ophiob.lus clade and is synonymized under *** rossicus *** introduced and a reference specimen is designated for *** ophiob.lus-like taxa(Ophiob.lus sensu lato)can b. distinguished as three main groups,which are introduced as new *** is introduced to accommodate the new species,Ophiob.lopsis *** new genus Paraophiob.lus is introduced to accommodate *** *** *** *** genus is characterized b. hyaline to pale yellowish ascospores,some green-yellowish at maturity,with a swollen cell,terminal appendages and ascospores not separating into part *** *** introduced to accommodate six new species and two new comb.nations,***,***,***,***,***,***,*** and *** is characterized b. sub.yaline to pale yellowish or yellowish ascospores,with a swollen cell,lack of terminal appendages and ascospores that do not separate into part spores and is related to *** updated tree for Phaeosphaeriaceae b.sed on multigene analysis is also provided.

关键词： 7 new comb.nations 11 new taxa Dothideomycetes Epitypification