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A review on barrier layers used in flexible stainless-steel based CIGS photovoltaic devices

npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 187-198页

作者： sarallah hamtaei Guy Brammertz Jef Poortmans Bart Vermang imec imo-imomecThor Park 83203600 GenkBelgium Hasselt University(partner in Solliance) imo-imomecMartelarenlaan 423500 HasseltBelgium EnergyVille imo-imomecThor Park 83203600 GenkBelgium KU Leuven Department of Electrical EngineeringKasteelpark Arenberg 103001 HeverleeBelgium

Two primary engineering challenges are en route to fabricating high-performance flexible stainless-steel based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)_(2)solar cells;Growing absorbers without contamination from the substrate,and providing alkali dopants to the *** former is chiefly addressed by introducing a barrier layer,and the latter by post-deposition treatment or including dopant-containing layers in the *** we organize these solutions and different approaches in an accessible ***,reports on interaction between contamination and alkali elements are discussed,as is the impact of barrier layer properties on the interconnect ***,we make recommendations to consolidate the multitude of sometimes inharmonious solutions.

关键词： CIGS barrier absorber

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Alleviation of spike stall in axial compressors utilizing grooved casing treatment

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2015年第3期28卷 649-658页

作者： Reza Taghavi-Zenouz sarallah Abbasi School of Mechanical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology School of Mechanical Engineering Arak University of Technology

Abstract This article deals with application of grooved type casing treatment for suppression of spike stall in an isolated axial compressor rotor blade row. The continuous grooved casing treatment covering the whole compressor circumference is of 1.8 mm in depth and located between 90% and 108% chord of the blade tip as measured from leading edge. The method of investigation is based on time-accurate three-dimensional full annulus numerical simulations for cases with and without casing treatment. Discretization of the Navier Stokes equations has been carried out based on an upwind second-order scheme and k-a-SST （Shear Stress Transport） turbulence modeling has been used for estimation of eddy viscosity. Time-dependent flow structure results for the smooth casing reveal that there are two criteria for spike stall inception known as leading edge spillage and trailing edge backftow, which occur at specific mass flow rates in near-stall conditions. In this case, two dominant stall cells of different sizes could be observed. The larger one is caused by the spike stall covering roughly two blade passages in the circumferential direction and about 25% span in the radial direction. Spike stall disturbances are accompanied by lower frequencies and higher amplitudes of the pressure signals. Casing treatment causes flow blockages to reduce due to allevi- ation of backflow regions, which in turn reduces the total pressure loss and increases the axial veloc- ity in the blade tip gap region, as well as tip leakage flow fluctuation at higher frequencies and lower amplitudes. Eventually, it can be concluded that the casing treatment of the stepped tip gap type could increase the stall margin of the compressor. This fact is basically due to retarding the movement of the interface region between incoming and tip leakage flows towards the rotor leading edge Diane and suttressing the reversed flow around the blade trailing edee.

关键词： Axial compressor Casing treatment Frequency spectrum Spike stall inception Tip leakage flow

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Complication of lengthening and the role of post-operative care, physical and psychological rehabilitation among fibula hemimelia

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8482-8489页

作者： Maryam Salimi Rojin sarallah Salar Javanshir Seyed Peyman Mirghaderi Amirhossein Salimi Shokoufeh Khanzadeh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz 71936-13311Iran Department of Medicine Islamic Azad University Medical Branch of TehranTehran 713843809Iran Students'Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazd ***Iran Student Research Committee Tabriz Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesTabriz 716534908Iran

There is a clear clinical need for efficient physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs during and after bone lengthening and reconstruction for gaining the optimal effect and also prevention or treatment of lengthening side *** tract infection is the most prevalent side effect during lengthening which could be prevented and treated initially via proper wound *** contractures are typically a consequence of the generated tension on the distracted *** can be managed by physiotherapy initially and surgically in later severe ***,it is essential to avoid muscle contracture development,which is the demonstration of the imbalanced muscle appeals on the joint to inhibit the following *** knee is the furthermost affected joint by the aforementioned problem due to the inherent lack of ligamentous and bony *** stiffness is the other possible unfavorable effect of *** happens because of extensive muscle contractures or may possibly be attributed to rigidity of the joint following the amplified pressure on the joint surface during the process of *** and occupational therapy including endurance and strength exercise as well as stretching play an important role during the rehabilitation periods for the prevention and also the treatment of muscle contracture and the following deformity and also joint ***,the effect of mental and physical rehabilitation programs should not be overlooked.

关键词： Fibular hemimelia Rehabilitation Reconstruction Lengthening

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